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This study is a literature review aimed at examining in depth the concepts, characteristics, learning difficulties, and applications of quadratic functions in secondary mathematics education. The research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing ten articles published between 2019 and 2025 from both national and international journals. The findings indicate that the quadratic function is a fundamental topic in the mathematics curriculum, playing a crucial role in developing higher-order mathematical thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis, and problem-solving. It also serves as a foundation for understanding more advanced topics such as calculus, analytic geometry, and optimization. However, various studies have found that students continue to face significant learning difficulties, including misconceptions related to the shape of the parabola graph, understanding the discriminant value, and connecting algebraic forms to real-world contexts. To address these issues, research suggests that technology-assisted learning—particularly through interactive software such as GeoGebra—has proven effective in enhancing conceptual understanding, motivation, and student engagement. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of strengthening conceptual understanding, applying contextual learning approaches, and integrating digital technology as innovative strategies for teaching quadratic functions at the secondary education level.

Learning is a dynamic process involving interactions between students, educators, and learning resources in an environment designed to achieve a deep understanding of the material. One of the challenges often faced in education is learning difficulties, especially in subjects considered difficult such as Mathematics and English. Additional tutoring programs outside of class hours are a solution to help students overcome the academic difficulties they face. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a tutoring program in addressing learning difficulties in Kedondong District, with a focus on Mathematics and English. This program involves students experiencing difficulty understanding the subject matter and provides intensive guidance using an interactive approach and the use of technology-based learning media, such as multimedia and educational quizzes, which make learning more engaging. The evaluation results show a significant increase in student understanding of the material, as well as positive changes in student motivation, independence, and self-confidence. This program not only successfully improves academic understanding but also fosters a higher enthusiasm for learning in students. Despite challenges, such as limited resources and differences in student understanding levels, this program is able to create a conducive learning environment. Therefore, it is hoped that this program can be replicated in other regions to improve the quality of education in a sustainable manner, by involving various parties, such as the government, educational institutions, and the community.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using a guided inquiry learning approach on the development of critical thinking skills in sixth grade elementary school in Mathematics. This research uses a quantitative approach with the ex post facto method, namely the researcher does not control the variables, only takes data regarding the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This research uses a quantitative approach and the analysis in this research uses descriptive and regression analysis. This research was motivated by teachers' difficulties in providing a good understanding of grade 6 elementary school mathematics learning material on the application of ratios in everyday life, namely scales. teachers' limited knowledge regarding the application of inquiry-based learning methods, as well as students' low critical thinking abilities in mathematics learning and their overall low academic achievement. The population in this study were 77 grade VI students at Wadungasri Elementary School, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, and a sample of 25 students was taken. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data processing techniques with validity testing using expert judgment techniques. Reliability test uses Alpha Cronbach. Analysis prerequisite tests are normality test and linearity test. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression test. Research results: the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills by 1.673%.

study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in understanding geometric shapes, particularly in surface area and volume, through the use of cube and rectangular prism teaching aids. Sixth-grade students at UPTD SD Negeri 3 Bakam often struggle with this topic, primarily due to difficulties in grasping multiplication concepts and related formulas. The method used in this research is a cooperative learning approach with teaching aids designed to facilitate student comprehension. The study was conducted in two cycles. In the pre-cycle phase, only 33.33% of the 21 students scored above the minimum passing grade (70), while 66.67% scored below it. After applying the method in Cycle I, learning mastery increased to 61.33%, with 12 students achieving a score of 70 or above. In Cycle II, learning outcomes improved significantly, with 95.33% of students achieving mastery. Additionally, the teacher's teaching effectiveness improved, with an average score of 82.38, categorized as good. The results indicate that the use of cube and rectangular prism teaching aids can enhance students' understanding of surface area and volume concepts, contributing significantly to their academic performance improvement

This study aims to improve the numeracy literacy skills of elementary school students through a game-based learning media approach. The background is the low numeracy literacy skills of Indonesian students compared to other countries, as shown by the results of the PISA and TIMSS tests. Many elementary school students still have difficulties in reading, understanding, and applying numerical information and basic mathematics in everyday life. The research method used is systematic literature review by analyzing journals related to improving numeracy literacy skills through game-based learning media. The results of the review show that the use of game-based learning media can effectively improve the numeracy literacy skills of elementary school students. Game-based learning is able to make math learning more interesting, interactive, and increase student motivation. The implication of this research is the importance of developing and implementing game-based learning media to improve students' numeracy literacy skills in elementary schools.  

One of the significant challenges in the world of education is the learning difficulties experienced by students, including in the boarding school environment. The purpose of this service activity is to provide tutoring to grade VII students, especially class VII-C MTs Mambaul Ulum to help students overcome difficulties in learning mathematics. The method of implementing service activities consists of five main stages: 1) planning and preparation including taking care of permits to carry out service activities, conducting initial surveys to identify mathematical materials that are considered necessary for guidance, compiling teaching materials needed in tutoring activities, and determining the schedule for the implementation of tutoring activities; 2) providing pretest questions to determine students' learning abilities before tutoring activities are held; 3) the implementation of tutoring activities; 4) the provision of posttest questions to determine students' mathematics learning ability after tutoring activities, and; 5) evaluation. The results of this activity show that mathematics tutoring activities for grade VII students, especially grade VII-C MTs Mambaul Ulum, have proven to be effective in helping to overcome difficulties in learning mathematics. The increase in the average score from pretest to posttest, from 45 to 80, shows that students are able to understand and master the material taught.

The intelligence of an elementary school teacher in delivering material needs to be supported by the family environment and the role of the student's parents. From here we know that improving and developing the quality of knowledge about Mathematics is important. Purwakarta State Elementary School students in Cilegon City find it easier to remember and understand Mathematics lessons if they enjoy doing it and are accompanied by real experiences in everyday life. The role of higher education through the Tridharma of Higher Education is to carry out education, research and community service. One form of this obligation and concern is that as a Permanent Lecturer or academic at Serang Raya University, I intend to carry out community service to the students of Purwakarta State Elementary School, Cilegon City through Arithmetic training. This community service aims to provide learning services that are tailored to the learning difficulties of students at the Purwakarta State Primary School, Cilegon City. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is carried out in the classrooms of each class. As a result of the tutoring activities carried out by tutors for students, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes

Mathematics learning has a significant role in student character building, with the main objective of developing logical, rational, critical, creative, systematic, and practical thinking patterns. However, there are still challenges in achieving this goal, such as lack of student interest, learning difficulties, and the availability of adequate resources. This article discusses the role of mathematics learning in students' character building and the importance of integrating mathematics learning with character building. Through a qualitative method with a literature study approach, data were taken from various sources such as journals, books, news, and other scientific research using the Google Scholar database with the keywords mathematics and student character from 2019 to 2024. The results showed that mathematics learning can shape students' character through the development of values such as discipline, honesty, hard work, creativity, curiosity, responsibility, communicative, and independence. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to improve the quality of mathematics learning, taking into account the needs and interests of students and utilizing available learning technologies and resources. Collaboration between teachers, students, parents and other related parties is also important to create a conducive learning environment that supports students' development in mathematics.

This study aims to explore the role of classroom management on students' interest in learning mathematics in grade IV at SDN Jelegong 01 Rancaekek. This research was conducted because there were still many students who still had difficulties in solving math problems. This research uses observation method and qualitative approach. Through observing and documenting classroom management practices, this study found that good classroom management has a positive impact on students' interest in learning mathematics. Several important aspects of classroom management that were found included effective time management, the use of effective teaching methods, positive interactions between teachers and students, and creating a conducive classroom atmosphere. The research findings show that these factors can increase students' interest in learning mathematics. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that teachers pay attention to classroom management skills and to vary teaching methods. In this way, students' interest in learning can be increased and the experience of learning mathematics becomes more positive and meaningful for students. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of developing classroom management skills for teachers in increasing students' interest in learning mathematics.

Mathematics is often considered a difficult subject by students so it is not uncommon for students to experience learning difficulties such as experiencing anxiety when learning mathematics, therefore this study aims to describe the level of anxiety, describe the factors that cause anxiety, and how anxiety affects student learning difficulties class X at MAS YMPI Tanjungbalai. In this study, the number of research subjects was 36 students with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Data collection in this study was in the form of data field notes using observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. Learning difficulties can be interpreted as a condition in the learning process which is characterized by the presence of certain obstacles to achieve learning outcomes. In this study it refers more to the problem of student anxiety which is an obstacle in achieving learning objectives. This research is a type of qualitative research and the validity technique in this study uses time triangulation. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion regarding the level of student anxiety in learning mathematics, it can be concluded that from 36 students, 8 (22.2%) students experienced high levels of anxiety, 23 (63.9%) students experienced moderate anxiety levels and 5 (13.9) %) students have a low level of anxiety. The anxiety of the students with the low anxiety category was more responsive and very enthusiastic in learning mathematics compared to the other two categories, namely the moderate anxiety category and the high anxiety category. Based on data analysis on average student learning outcomes, students with high levels of anxiety will have an average learning outcome lower than students with medium anxiety levels and high anxiety levels.