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The ecological crisis affecting Central Kalimantan reveals systemic environmental degradation, ranging from deforestation and river pollution to peatland destruction caused by massive extractive activities. The impact of this crisis extends beyond ecological damage, disrupting the social, cultural, and spiritual order of the Dayak Indigenous communities. This article aims to reflect on Dayak communal spirituality as a path toward ecological conversion in the light of the encyclical Laudato Si’. Employing a qualitative approach through theological–contextual hermeneutics and library research, this study examines the dialogue between Dayak cosmology, communal life values, and the Catholic Church’s vision of integral ecology. The findings indicate that Dayak communal spirituality affirms a reciprocal relationship among humans, nature, the community, and the Creator, which resonates with the call for ecological conversion articulated in Laudato Si’. This article argues that integrating Dayak communal spirituality into the Church’s pastoral praxis holds transformative potential in fostering ecological awareness, strengthening the inculturation of faith, and encouraging the active participation of the faithful in caring for our common home in a sustainable manner.

This research is purposely conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness, efficiency, applicability  and appropriateness of modern firefighting systems installed on board ships. As a result, the review attempt to  ascertain the significance of firefighting systems on ships in terms of their safety, types, structure, principles as  well as installations. In this way, the review tries to justify the importance of these systems on board ships. The design of this survey revolves around three basic elements that incorporate the complete firefighting  procedure. These components include: modern technology of firefighting, different types of systems that are  used on board ships and people traits in terms of drilling, firefighting training to deal with any incident of fire.  In the previous decade, the globe has experienced massive destructions, harms and injuries resulting from fire incidents on ships. This has triggered and ignited enhanced fabrication and staging of new practices,  technologies and inventions aimed at efficiently deal with fire incidents so as to support the safekeeping and  reliability on these fire systems on board ships. Equally, through this technological enhancement, the  firefighting systems have been designed to facilitate rapid detection capable of differentiating between real  smokes or flames indicators in case of a fire event on board ship. In recent times, these technological  developments have been viewed as strategies that help ship owners to ensure better protection of the crew’s life,  ship’s inventories as well as minimising on the possible losses that occur as a result of fire events on board ship.  Therefore, with the review of the recent or latest methods and technologies for speedy fire detection on ships,  the review demonstrates enhancement attributes, features and qualities of these new systems. Additionally, the  paper critically evaluates the components of these firefighting systems, as well as looking at their competences,  capabilities, benefits and applicability on board ships.

The form of historicization in literary criminology views criminality as the result of power relations, unequal social structures, and history. Criminal acts in historicization are always placed in a specific time and place context, tracing how a behavior is considered “criminal” or “against the law” depending on the historical construction formed by the legal system, the state, and the rulers. Historicization also reveals that what is referred to as crime is not absolute, but can change according to historical developments and power struggles. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of criminalization in the novel Lampuki, which is not merely an individual deviant act, but a reflection of historical trauma and a flawed social structure. The approach used is literary sociology. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with reading and note-taking techniques obtained from the novel Lampuki by Arafat Nur in the form of sentences and paragraphs. The results of the study show that there are seven data points that fall under the form of criminalization of history. From the seven data points, three findings were generalized and discovered in Arafat Nur novel Lampuki, namely: (1) transgenerational trauma of violence, (2) the destruction of the socio-cultural structure, and (3) dark figure of crime.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

This study examines the utilization of haiku as a form of response to postwar trauma through Kaneko Tota’s and Saito Sanki’s war-themed haiku. Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, a cultural shift occurred marked by transformation within traditional arts, particularly haiku, which became a significant medium for expressing traumatic historical and social experiences. Although both poets used haiku as a medium to express dissatisfaction and critique the socio-political conditions of the postwar period, they represented different generations and approaches in responding to postwar trauma. Saito, having directly experienced the trauma of war, developed a deconstructive strategy towards traditional haiku conventions. Meanwhile, Kaneko, belonging to the postwar generation, adopted a more radical approach in formal and semantic experimentation. These dual strategies not only embodied individual artistic responses to trauma but also contributed to a broader cultural project aimed at reconstructing Japan’s collective identity in the postwar era. Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics framework is employed to analyze the semiotic transformation dynamics in the poets' works. Lotman’s theory, with its key concepts of semiosphere, cultural text, and translation mechanisms, offers a comprehensive analytical tool for understanding the dynamics of sign systems and cultural meanings in World War II-themed haiku. From the analysis of five war-themed haiku, it is concluded that both poets constructed a collective trauma discourse. Rather than employing explicit descriptive narratives, the trauma discourse utilizes strong semiotic condensation strategies. Saito and Kaneko juxtaposed established cultural symbols and codes, such as Hiroshima as a metaphor of absolute destruction, the marathon as a symbol of life, breasts as a symbol of motherhood, and blooming flowers representing renewal into new surreal configurations that created novel meanings at the semiotic boundaries where tensions clashed.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder characterized by a low platelet count (<100,000/µL) caused by decreased platelet production or opsonization by antibodies, leading to platelet destruction by the reticuloendothelial system. ITP is one of the most common etiologies of bleeding disorders, especially in children. The prevalence of ITP in children is estimated to be around 1.9 to 6.4 cases per 100,000 children annually, while in adults, the prevalence is lower, at about 3.3 cases per 100,000 people per year. In the United States, the incidence of ITP is reported to be around 1.6 per 10,000 people annually. Clinical manifestations of ITP include petechiae, purpura, and/or ecchymosis, which are usually found on the upper and lower extremities. Mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms such as epistaxis and gum bleeding are also common in patients. These symptoms can vary depending on the severity of thrombocytopenia and individual responses to the condition. Diagnosis of ITP is made through a thorough medical history, physical examination, and rapid supportive tests to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate ITP from other conditions with similar symptoms. Proper and timely management is crucial to prevent further complications, including more severe bleeding or organ damage. With effective management, the quality of life of patients can be improved, and the risks associated with ITP can be minimized. Therefore, early detection and optimal management are key in addressing ITP, particularly in children who are more vulnerable to this bleeding disorder.

In general, attacks on hospitals are prohibited under international humanitarian law (IHL), which aims to protect the life and health of civilians during armed conflicts. However, in certain circumstances, hospitals may lose their protection and thus become legitimate targets in warfare if they are considered to be involved in military activities or supporting the parties to the conflict. This brings into question the application of the principle of proportionality, which is an essential element of IHL. The principle of proportionality seeks to balance military necessity with the protection of civilians, requiring that the harm caused by military operations should not be disproportionate to the military advantage sought. This principle demands that military operations be conducted carefully to minimize harm to civilians and civilian objects, including hospitals. However, its application raises significant ethical questions regarding the moral justification of such actions, especially when hospitals are targeted in attacks. One prominent example that raises ethical concerns about this justification is the destruction of Al-Shifa Hospital in Northern Gaza. The hospital was destroyed in an airstrike during the conflict, causing severe harm to the civilian population that relied on this facility. While the principle of proportionality is designed to limit damage, attacks on hospitals such as Al-Shifa raise questions about whether the actions taken were truly consistent with this principle, particularly when the military gain achieved does not seem to outweigh the damage caused to human life and vital infrastructure. This article aims to explore the conventional moral justification of the principle of proportionality in international humanitarian law and evaluate its application in the case of Al-Shifa Hospital, challenging the boundaries of the principle in practice.

Feed is a key component in catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivation because it directly affects the growth rate, health, and productivity of the fish. Among the various nutrients contained in feed, protein plays a crucial role, particularly in the formation and repair of fish body tissues. Adequate protein content supports optimal growth, while protein deficiency can reduce productivity. Therefore, analyzing protein levels in feed is essential to ensure its quality. This study aimed to analyze protein levels in catfish feed using the Kjeldahl method. The analysis was conducted at the Pekanbaru Center for Standardization and Industrial Services (BSPJI). The Kjeldahl method was chosen because it is known to have a high level of accuracy and reliability. The procedure involves three main stages: destruction, distillation, and titration. The working principle of this method is to convert organic nitrogen in the sample into ammonia, which is then captured and measured to determine nitrogen levels, which are then converted to protein levels. In this study, five feed samples with codes U-139 to U-142 were used. The test results showed that the protein content of the samples ranged from 20.44% to 23.09%. Furthermore, a Relative Percent Difference (RPD) value of 0.0013% was obtained, indicating a very high level of measurement precision. The analysis results were then compared with the fish feed quality standards based on SNI 2534:2006, and it was found that all samples met the minimum protein content requirements. Thus, this study confirms the effective and accurate use of the Kjeldahl method in analyzing protein content in catfish feed. These results also provide important information for farmers and feed producers in ensuring the quality of feed used to support catfish farming productivity.

Introduction the management of expired drugs is an important part of the hospital's pharmaceutical logistics system to ensure the safety of patients, staff, and to protect the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of procedures for returning expired drugs to the manufacturer or pharmaceutical company, as well as to examine the expired drug disposal system, particularly the methods of direct disposal to the Final Disposal Site (TPA) and open burning at RSUD Mohammad Natsir Solok. However, the implementation in the field has not been entirely effective. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The approach involved several informants who were directly involved in pharmaceutical logistics management in order to obtain in-depth and relevant data. The results of the study show that the hospital has not carried out expired drug destruction using the methods of direct disposal to the TPA or open burning. No clear information or official documentation was found regarding the use of these two methods. Informants stated that even if such methods were used, they occurred in the past and were not formally documented. The conclusion of this study is that open burning and direct disposal to the TPA have not become part of the expired drug management system at RSUD Mohammad Natsir Solok. The recommendation of this research is the development of clear operational procedures and increased staff awareness regarding the importance of safe and standard-compliant pharmaceutical waste managemen

The Law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Indonesian House of Representatives on February 4, 2025 has been ratified, and then signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 24, 2025, destroying the concept of who the state administrators are as regulated in Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean State Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.Law No. 1 of 2025 concerning BUMN, places the directors, commissioners, and supervisors of the state-owned company not as state administrators. This means that the Corruption Eradication Commission or KPK can no longer handle law enforcement in BUMN if corruption occurs, except for the Police, Prosecutor's Office and BPK (supervision), as stated in Article 3X of Law No. 1 of 2025, which states that: "The Agency's organs and employees are not state administrators. It is emphasized again in Article 9G: Members of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Supervisory Board of BUMN are not state administrators". Meanwhile, financial supervision is still carried out by the Audit Board as stated in Article 3K: Audit of the management and financial responsibility of the Agency is carried out by the Audit Board. Although in the KPK Law, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (1) that: "In carrying out the duties as referred to in Article 6 letter e, the Corruption Eradication Commission has the authority to conduct investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions against Corruption Crimes that: a. involve law enforcement officers, State Administrators, and other people related to Corruption Crimes committed by law enforcement officers or State Administrators; and/or b. involve state losses of at least IDR 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)".Therefore, the Law Order, the KPK must submit and obey to carry it out, because the Law (UU) functions as a basic or principal rule for organizing the state, regulating society, a tool to limit power, and as a means of social renewal. The Law also functions to regulate life in society, the nation, and the state and is expected to be able to resolve various problems that exist in society.In fact, the impact of corruption in BUMN is no joke. The destruction of economic growth, state and community income can be disrupted which results in direct state losses, but leads to the potential for increasing poverty and the loss of the government's safety net in the form of declining quality of public services and investor confidence in Indonesia, etc.

This study examines the history of mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency, from the 1980s to 2020. The main focus lies on the dynamics of changes in coastal ecosystems due to land conversion into shrimp ponds, as well as the response of the community and government to the destruction of mangrove forests that occurs. The 1980s period became a crucial phase when intensive pond investment began to flourish which had an impact on environmental degradation, especially the loss of most of the natural mangrove vegetation in the region. These changes not only affect the balance of ecosystems, but also impact the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on the sustainability of natural resources. Since the early 2000s, various conservation initiatives have emerged spearheaded by coastal community groups, students, NGOs, as well as support from government agencies. These conservation efforts are participatory and community-based, reflecting the increased ecological awareness of local communities. This study uses oral history methods and literature studies to reconstruct conservation narratives from the perspectives of local actors directly involved in the process. The results of the study show that the success of mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach is highly dependent on synergy between various actors, ranging from local communities, academics, to government agencies. Policies that support the protection of coastal areas are also an important factor in creating a participatory space for environmental rehabilitation efforts. This conservation history shows the socio-ecological transformation of the coastal communities of Muncar, from an exploitation orientation to a recovery model based on local wisdom. Furthermore, mangrove conservation in Cemara Beach is also the foundation in the development of environment-based ecotourism as well as an example of sustainable natural resource management practices on the southern coast of Banyuwangi.

Illegal logging is a form of environmental crime that has a serious impact on forest destruction, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of ecosystem balance. This study aims to analyze law enforcement efforts against illegal logging practices in the Kwala Serapuh Village Forest area. The method used in this study is an empirical juridical approach with data collection through interviews, field observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that despite the existence of regulations governing forest protection, law enforcement still faces various obstacles such as weak supervision, limited resources of law enforcement officials, and the involvement of individuals in these illegal practices. Efforts made include taking action against perpetrators, increasing patrols, and empowering communities around the forest. However, the effectiveness of law enforcement still needs to be improved through inter-institutional synergy, strengthening the capacity of the apparatus, and increasing community participation. This study concludes that law enforcement against illegal logging in the Kwala Serapuh Village Forest is still not optimal and requires a more comprehensive approach.

Hemolitic anemia is a condition of anemia caused a shortened lifespan of eritrocytes due to an increase in a rate of eritrocytes destruction higer than eritrocytes production in the bone marrow. Congenital Citomegalovirus Infection (CMV) is one of the most common viral infections that causes congenital infections. CMV is transmitted by contact with an individual who carries CMV infection. Approximatelly 90% of congenitally infected infants develop symptoms at birth. Jaundice, petechiae, and hepatosplenomegaly are the three most common sequences in infants. Congenital CMV infection can be diagnosed by isolating the virus by urine and saliva within first three weeks of life. Case Description A 24-day-old baby comes with jaundice all the body since the age of 14 days. Innitially Indah Afriwanty Simatupang, Ricke Loesnihari. Congenital Citomegalovirus Infection., light carried out at hospital but there was no change, the the patient was referred to Adam Malik Hospital. From the examination it was found thrombocytopenia, metabolic acidosis, increased SGOT and SGPT, increased total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, decreased procalcitonin, positive anti CMV IgG, and positive IgG CMV (Avidity). CONCLUSION Based on the history of physical and laboratory examination, its supports the diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infectios.

This study aims to describe the reality of social life in the short story "Ibu Kota" by Silvester Petara Hurit. By using the theory of literary sociology and descriptive qualitative research methods, the researcher analyzed and obtained the following research results, (1) the city as a space that is oppressive and unfriendly, (2) social inequality and moral decadence (3) the destruction of cultural values ​​and communal life, (4) alienation in urban life, and (5) the symbolism of the city as a misleading hope

PT. Taspen is engaged in the field of Pension Insurance and Old Age Benefits with financial management and reliable services as well as quality insurance products. The purpose of this service is to assist the pension archive management process at Malang Branch. This service is descriptive using observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies. The analysis uses literature studies and direct observations in the field. Administrative activities in the service division are managing, receiving, producing and storing files into archives. Pension archive management plays an important role so that it must be in accordance with established procedures. Pension archives consist of submissions of pension participant rights claims that are stored so as to determine the smoothness of the service process for pension participants. The more files that are collected and stored, the more important archive management is in its role as a source of information that is orderly and neat, making the tasks of the service section for pension participants able to run smoothly and on time. The result of the service is a pension archive management system including receiving archives in the form of file sorting, sorting archive numbers, sterilizing archives, weeding files, scanning, Compressing and ELO (Electronic Leitz Ordner), and storing archives. The storage of archives is carried out by arranging the file boxes on the archive rack according to the archive number listed on the map. The activities of borrowing and rediscovering archives are carried out according to the archive number needed in the participant service process. And another activity is the destruction of pension archives carried out by the general section if they are no longer needed.

Correspondence administration activities play an important role in supporting the smooth operation of the school. At UPT SMP Negeri 27 Medan, manual management of correspondence previously caused various obstacles such as delays in letter distribution and difficulties in tracking archives. Therefore, a more effective and efficient correspondence management system is needed. This study aims to describe the implementation of a correspondence management system in improving administrative performance at UPT SMP Negeri 27 Medan. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the study indicate that the process of receiving and recording incoming letters has been running according to procedures and facilitates information management. The disposition of letters is carried out systematically and on target by the school leadership. The preparation and recording of outgoing letters is carried out by paying attention to good administrative rules. In addition, archiving, maintenance, and destruction of archives have begun to be carried out digitally, thereby increasing the efficiency and speed of administrative services.

This study examines consumer protection efforts against the distribution of hazardous illegal traditional herbal medicines in Serang City, Banten. The widespread circulation of such products—particularly those containing Chemical Drugs (Bahan Kimia Obat/BKO) and lacking distribution permits—poses a significant threat to public health. Between 2020 and 2025, the Inspection Division of the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BBPOM) in Serang secured and destroyed approximately 706 items, totaling 6,841 units, with an estimated economic value of IDR 91,158,350. The research focuses on two main issues: the mechanisms for protecting consumers from dangerous illegal traditional herbal medicines in Serang City, and the role of BBPOM in supervising their circulation. Employing an empirical juridical method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, the study collected data through literature reviews, documentation, and interviews with BBPOM Serang officials. The findings indicate that consumer protection is carried out through both preventive and repressive measures. Preventive efforts involve pre-market and post-market supervision to ensure that products meet safety and regulatory standards before and after they enter the market. Repressive actions include law enforcement against violations, confiscation and destruction of illegal products, and the imposition of administrative and criminal sanctions on offenders. BBPOM Serang plays a pivotal role in monitoring illegal herbal medicines by conducting regular inspections, surveillance, and investigations of production and distribution facilities, as well as educating the public about the dangers of unsafe products. Nevertheless, supervision efforts are hindered by challenges such as low public awareness regarding product safety and economic pressures that drive some producers and sellers to ignore legal requirements. Strengthening collaboration between regulatory agencies, law enforcement, and community stakeholders is essential to improving consumer protection and ensuring the circulation of safe traditional herbal products in the region.

Empowerment can be interpreted as an effort to increase the ability of the community to participate, negotiate, influence and control the institutions of their community on a large scale for the sake of improving their lives. Describe the impact of empowerment of the Bosar Bayu Farmer group in improving community welfare. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the research subject, for example behavior, perception, motivation, actions, and others holistically and by means of description in the form of words and language. The reason for choosing the type of qualitative research with a descriptive method is because the process of formulating the problem carried out in the study was carried out comprehensively, broadly, and in depth in discussing the phenomena that occurred in the field. Then the data obtained from farmers in the form of information both verbally and in writing that describes the situation directly in the field, so that it is able to describe what happened at the research location in more detail, and try to obtain and reveal data on the impact of empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving community welfare in Bosar Bayu village. Building Farmers' Knowledge and Skills, Increasing agricultural production, Increasing the standard of living and equalizing income levels, As a means of cooperation between group members. Based on the results of the research that has been discussed regarding the empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving the welfare of the community in Bosar Bayu Village, it can be concluded that empowerment is an effort to make the community independent. Keywords: Jeremiah 22:10-12, Disobedience, Exile, Leadership, Obedience to God, God's Judgment, King Shallum (Jehoahaz), Spiritual Destruction, Divine Justice, Social Suffering, Promised Land, Consequences of Disobedience, Hermeneutics, Judah's Kings, Spiritual and Political: Consequences.

Finding out about the attempts to conserve Gong Sibunguik in Kebun Durian Village, Gunung Sahilan District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, is the aim of the author's research.  The three components of preservation are (1) protection, (2) development, and (3) exploitation, according to Sedyawati (2008: 152).  Descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach is the strategy employed in this study.  In this study, observational data collecting, interviews, and documentation were employed as data gathering methods. The study's findings indicate that measures to prevent the loss or destruction of cultural objects are part of its protection efforts.  This can take the shape of records that serve as inspiration and a source of reference while digesting the performing arts.  Increasing the number of musical instruments and Gong Sibunguik musician groups is one way to quantify this development endeavor.  Efforts to improve the quality of Gong Sibunguik art are made by producing new music while preserving the traditional aspects of the art form. The purpose of this invention is to support traditional arts.  Efforts to use it, namely Gong Sibunguik, are still made today, which is the same as modern arts, since Gong Sibunguik is an art form that is required for this event; without it, the event cannot take place as it does not adhere to local cultural standards.  Furthermore, in Kebun Durian Village, Gong Sibunguik is typically present for circumcision ceremonies, marriages, greeting niniak mamak, and ba inai-inai.  Gong sibunguik is typically done before the party's preparation (pre-party) at wedding celebrations.

Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for the destruction of cancer cells, but often causes side effects that affect the quality of life of patients, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. Chemotherapy patients need physical and psychological motivation to overcome these side effects. In these side effects, self-equipment is the key to treating and improving symptoms properly. The purpose of this study aims to determine how to manage self-care in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Quantitative research with a descriptive design Data were collected through purposive sampling techniques on 230 respondents. And statistical tests were used to process the data. Of the 230 respondents, most were women (53 percent), with an average age of 56-63 years (54.8%), the most recent education was PT/Academic (46.5%), most of the jobs were civil servants (32.2%), had undergone chemotherapy for <1 year (56.1%), the most cancer stage was stage IV (30%) and for the most side effects experienced hair loss/weight loss (42.2%). In this study, self-care management in the adaptive category was (66.5%) and in the maladaptive category (33.5%). It can be concluded that self-care management is very effective in reducing the side effects of chemotherapy.