Publication Search

This article discusses the concept of fitnah in Islam, focusing on its definition, forms, risks, and social impacts. Fitnah, referring to false accusations, deceit, and the spreading of misleading information, can pose a serious threat to individual integrity and social balance. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature review from classical Islamic texts, Quranic verses, the teachings of the Prophet, and the latest scholarly articles from trusted sources. The findings indicate that fitnah is a significant moral and social violation that can lead to various issues, such as conflicts, defamation, social division, and the loss of trust within society. The study also emphasizes the importance of Islamic ethical principles in preventing and addressing fitnah, especially in the digital age, where information can spread rapidly and widely. The study concludes that preventing fitnah requires an increase in public literacy, more ethical communication, and adherence to Islamic values that emphasize honesty and caution in disseminating information. These efforts are expected to reduce the negative impact of fitnah in social life and foster a more harmonious society.

Consumer criticism on social media is a common form of expression used to convey dissatisfaction with products or services. However, such criticism often generates controversy, especially when it is perceived to harm the reputation of a company. Although the right to freedom of expression is guaranteed by the Consumer Protection Law, in practice, this guarantee frequently conflicts with the defamation provisions outlined in the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law. The case of "Om Polos Banget" serves as a concrete example where consumer criticism led to legal charges due to allegations of defamation. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of consumer freedom of expression on social media within the context of Indonesian legal regulations and to identify the elements of defamation that may ensnare consumers. The research utilizes a normative juridical method, focusing on the analysis of relevant laws and regulations concerning freedom of expression and defamation. The results of the study indicate that while consumers have the right to criticize, there are legal boundaries that must be observed to prevent the criticism from resulting in legal action. Therefore, clearer policies are needed to ensure a fair balance between consumer freedom of expression and corporate reputation protection, as well as the importance of consumers maintaining ethical conduct when expressing criticism on social media.

Technological developments in the modern era have experienced rapid growth, one of which is through the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This technology has now become an integral part of people's daily lives because it can provide convenience, efficiency, and innovation in various fields. However, behind the benefits offered, AI also carries potential risks, especially when misused. One of the most worrying forms of misuse is deepfakes, namely AI-based digital content manipulation that can convincingly imitate a person's voice, face, and movements. Deepfakes have triggered various digital crimes, such as identity forgery, the creation and distribution of non-consensual pornographic content including sexual exploitation, blackmailing, the spread of fake news (hoaxes), digital terror, fraud, and defamation. The increasingly sophisticated level of AI in manipulating data demands swift action, appropriate regulations, and effective oversight strategies from the government to anticipate its negative impacts. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. This approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the existing legal framework, the concept of legal protection, and the urgency of establishing new regulations related to AI technology. The research findings indicate that the government needs to take a number of strategic steps, including: (1) drafting specific regulations governing the use and limitations of AI, particularly regarding deepfakes; (2) developing and implementing effective deepfake detection technology; (3) providing protection, recovery, and rehabilitation mechanisms for victims; and (4) implementing widespread public education to raise public awareness of the risks of AI misuse.

This study examines violations of ethical commenting on the Instagram account @Pertamina, in response to a fuel-mixing corruption case that caused state losses of up to one quadrillion rupiah. The research aims to describe forms of unethical comments posted by netizens and analyze them based on Article 28 paragraph (2) of Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). A normative juridical method was used, supported by digital observation, documentation, and note-taking techniques. The results revealed 20 comment samples containing hate speech, insults, threats, and defamation. These comments not only violate digital ethics but also potentially breach Articles 28(2) and 27(3) of the ITE Law. According to Soedikno Mertokusumo's theory of legal objectives, such comments fail to uphold justice, legal certainty, and usefulness, ultimately damaging the digital public space, which should foster healthy and productive communication.

This study discusses a legal analysis of the differences between criticism and defamation in Indonesian law, especially in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE). The research method used is normative legal with a regulatory and contextual approach. The results of the study show that the Criminal Code and the ITE Law both provide protection for individual honor, but differ in the scope of application. The Criminal Code focuses more on conventional interactions, while the ITE Law regulates the electronic realm. Although it aims to protect the name well, the provisions in the ITE Law are considered to have weaknesses due to the potential for multiple interpretations that can threaten freedom of expression. Therefore, a proportional legal interpretation is needed to maintain a balance between protection of personal honor and respect for freedom.  

The phenomenon of character assassination is now increasingly prevalent in the digital realm, often carried out by corporate entities through destructive information campaigns. Unfortunately, the criminal law system in Indonesia has not been fully able to provide strict accountability for legal entities. This research aims to analyze how criminal accountability can be applied to corporations involved in character assassination. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis techniques of relevant regulations and case studies. The results of the study show that there is a void of norms in Indonesian criminal law related to corporate criminal liability in non-physical cases such as digital defamation.

Bullying is a social phenomenon that is increasingly worrying because of its serious impacts on victims, both psychologically, physically, and socially. In the context of Indonesian criminal law, bullying can fulfill the elements of a criminal act if it meets certain qualifications as regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and other regulations. This study aims to analyze how bullying can be qualified as a criminal act and to review the forms of bullying that can be subject to criminal sanctions. Using a normative legal approach, this study examines relevant positive legal norms and case studies that reflect the implementation of the law on bullying. The results of the study show that bullying can be qualified as a criminal act such as insults, physical violence, threats, and defamation, depending on the form and consequences caused. Therefore, it is important to have strict law enforcement and legal education for the community to prevent and handle bullying cases effectively.