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This study examines the emergence of localized English expressions in Indonesian social media discourse, highlighting how English is adapted and reinterpreted in multilingual digital contexts. While previous studies on English in Indonesia have primarily focused on formal domains such as education and language policy, limited attention has been given to informal online communication where linguistic innovation is highly visible. This study aims to analyze how English lexical items are re-semanticized and creatively transformed by Indonesian users on social media platforms. The study employed a qualitative approach using data collected from Instagram posts and comments, focusing on selected examples of English-derived expressions such as boba, gas, voucher, server, and suamiable. The analysis compares the conventional meanings of these terms in Inner Circle English with their localized meanings in Indonesian usage. The findings reveal that English functions as a flexible linguistic resource, undergoing processes of semantic shift, metaphorical extension, and lexical blending. These localized forms reflect users’ creativity as well as their ability to adapt global linguistic resources to local cultural contexts. The study concludes that English in Indonesian social media is not merely borrowed but actively reconstructed, contributing to the dynamic development of English in the Expanding Circle.

Radiological examination is a diagnostic supporting procedure aimed at visualizing the internal structures of the human body to assist in establishing a diagnosis. One of the examinations performed is the Acromioclavicular Joint examination, which is used to identify abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint. This study aims to compare the imaging results of the Acromioclavicular Joint using the anteroposterior (AP) projection with a 3 kg weight and the AP projection without a weight. The study was conducted at the Radiology Laboratory of STIKES Boneo Nusantara, Diploma III Radiology Study Program, using a conventional radiography unit and a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The results showed that the examination using a 3 kg weight produced clearer Acromioclavicular Joint images than the examination performed without a weight. The difference was reflected in the improved visualization of the anatomical structures, thereby facilitating a more accurate assessment of the joint. This study concludes that the use of a 3 kg weight in the AP projection provides superior imaging results by enhancing the visualization of the anatomy of the shoulder joint, thereby potentially improving the accuracy of the radiological evaluation of the Acromioclavicular Joint.

This research aims to analyze the gap between the profit-sharing principle as the normative foundation of Islamic economics and the risk management practices applied in sharia cooperatives, considering the ongoing inconsistencies in the implementation of the risk-sharing principle. The research method employs a qualitative approach thru literature study with thematic and comparative analysis techniques on relevant academic literature. The results and discussion indicate that sharia cooperatives tend to adopt a conventional risk management paradigm oriented toward institutional stability, thereby triggering the dominance of non-profit-sharing contracts and the shift of the concept of risk sharing to risk shifting in operational practices. The gap is influenced by structural factors, including limitations in managerial capacity, information asymmetry, potential moral hazard, and pressures of institutional sustainability. This study concludes that the risk management practices of sharia cooperatives do not fully reflect the principles of Islamic economics, thus necessitating a reconstruction of a more integrative and contextual risk management model. As a suggestion, sharia cooperatives need to develop a risk management framework based on risk sharing that is adaptive to operational risks without disregarding the values of justice and partnership as the main characteristics of Islamic economics.

This study uses a one group pretest posttest design model. posttest on the correlation between vocabulary mastery, reading habits, while pretest with conventional learning, then both groups were measured with the same measuring instrument. To test whether the two data (variables) are the same or different, a t-test was conducted. The t-test obtained a t count of 2.082 with α = 0.05 and t table = 1.725. The testing criteria in the one-tailed test are Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted if t count > t table. The hypothesis can be accepted because t count > t table, namely 2.082 > 1.725. The results of student learning completeness show a significant percentage, namely the pretest gets 10 (50%) students who have not completed and 10 (50%) students who have completed after being carried out on the correlation between vocabulary mastery, reading habits get completeness posttest learning results 18 (88.89%) students who have completed and 2 (11.11%) students who have not completed. It was concluded that through the correlation between vocabulary mastery, students' reading habits can achieve learning completeness because it is one indicator of the effectiveness of this research. The conclusion is that the correlation between vocabulary mastery, reading habits is effective in achieving English reading comprehension for fifth grade students of Gunungsari 01 Pati State Elementary School. Based on the results of this study, the suggestion obtained is that the correlation between vocabulary mastery and reading habits be used as an alternative for teachers to teach English in class.

Radiological examination is a diagnostic supporting procedure aimed at visualizing the internal structures of the human body to assist in establishing a diagnosis. One of the examinations performed is the Acromioclavicular Joint examination, which is used to identify abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint. This study aims to compare the imaging results of the Acromioclavicular Joint using the anteroposterior (AP) projection with a 3 kg weight and the AP projection without a weight. The study was conducted at the Radiology Laboratory of STIKES Boneo Nusantara, Diploma III Radiology Study Program, using a conventional radiography unit and a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The results showed that the examination using a 3 kg weight produced clearer Acromioclavicular Joint images than the examination performed without a weight. The difference was reflected in the improved visualization of the anatomical structures, thereby facilitating a more accurate assessment of the joint. This study concludes that the use of a 3 kg weight in the AP projection provides superior imaging results by enhancing the visualization of the anatomy of the shoulder joint, thereby potentially improving the accuracy of the radiological evaluation of the Acromioclavicular Joint.

This study examines the effectiveness of integrating the demonstration method with audio-visual interactive multimedia to enhance Grade III elementary students' proficiency in sunnah rawatib prayers. A quasi-experimental design was employed with an experimental group (n=21) receiving demonstration-assisted multimedia instruction and a control group (n=22) undergoing conventional teaching. The primary instrument was a validated worship practice observation checklist (CVR=1; Cronbach's Alpha=0.873). Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, N-Gain calculation, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The experimental group achieved a posttest mean of 85.95 (100% mastery rate) compared to the control group's 74.32 (77.27% mastery). The experimental group's N-Gain score of 0.7146 (high category) substantially exceeded the control group's 0.4423 (moderate category). The Mann-Whitney U test yielded an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of < .001, confirming a statistically significant difference between both groups. These findings affirm that demonstration enriched by interactive multimedia scaffolding effectively constructs students' procedural knowledge of worship rituals and optimally engages multiple sensory modalities at the primary level.

The development of digital technology has transformed public relations practices from conventional communication models to digital-based communication. Digital Public Relations (Digital PR) enables organizations to build more interactive, rapid, and transparent relationships with their publics through social media, websites, and various digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the role of Digital Public Relations in building organizational image in the social media era. The research employs a literature review method by examining various national journal articles related to Digital PR and Cyber Public Relations. The findings indicate that Digital PR significantly contributes to enhancing organizational image through two-way communication, online reputation management, increased audience engagement, and more effective information dissemination. Social media serves as the primary instrument of Digital PR implementation because it facilitates participatory relationships between organizations and their publics. However, challenges such as digital reputation crises, the spread of negative information, and the demand for rapid responses remain critical issues that must be strategically managed by public relations practitioners. Therefore, effective Digital PR strategies are essential to maintain organizational reputation and strengthen public trust in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of blended learning on the motivation and learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at UPTD SD Negeri Oli′O. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were fifth-grade students, comprising an experimental class using LMS-based blended learning and a control class using conventional learning. Data were collected through learning motivation questionnaires and learning outcome tests administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, F-test ANOVA, and paired samples t-test. The results indicate that the implementation of the blended learning model has a positive effect on students’ motivation and learning outcomes. Students who participated in blended learning demonstrated better learning motivation compared to those in the conventional learning group. Additionally, student learning outcomes improved because learning materials could be flexibly accessed again via online platforms, thereby providing students with broader opportunities to understand the material independently.

The development of digital services by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan through the JMO (Jamsostek Mobile) application has triggered a surge in large-scale and unstructured user reviews on the Google Play Store, thereby complicating manual analysis and conventional sentiment analysis in accurately identifying specific issues. This research aims to implement the Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) method to granularly evaluate JMO application reviews based on specific aspects, while simultaneously addressing class imbalance and computational efficiency issues. The proposed method combines the pretrained IndoBERT model as a contextual feature extractor, the SMOTE technique to balance the training data, and an artificial neural network (Neural Network) as the classification layer without performing full fine-tuning. The dataset used consists of 90,268 unique reviews categorized into five main aspects through keyword matching, namely General Satisfaction/Complaints, Performance & Stability, Service & Support, Feature Quality, and UI/UX, with initial lexicon-based labeling using the InSet Lexicon. The research results indicate that the proposed model successfully achieves highly optimal performance with an accuracy rate of 91.81% and a weighted F1-score of 92%. Furthermore, the implementation of SMOTE proved effective in enhancing model reliability on the minority class (negative sentiment), achieving an F1-score of 89%. The implications of this research contribute an accurate and efficient aspect-based sentiment analysis framework for developers, and serve as a strategic evaluation tool for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in mapping specific user complaints to accelerate continuous improvements in the performance, stability, and service quality of the JMO application.

This study aims to overhaul the conventional understanding of tourism through a missiological lens, by positioning social interactions at the Parbubu Tarutung Soda Water Tourism Object as the locus of Missio Dei (God's Mission) manifestation. Amidst the tendency of modern humans to be trapped in egocentrism, alienation, and minimal openness due to secular routines, God is present with a mission to transform human relations. Using a qualitative descriptive-theological method, this study analyzes three axes of social interaction (inter-tourists, tourists-managers, and tourists-local communities). The results of field research indicate that although the pattern of interaction between visitors is still minimalist and egocentric-group due to a purely physical recreation orientation, there is a strong spiritual modality in the service aspect (hospitality) of the managers that reflects the restoration of the image of God (Imago Dei). The absence of social conflict and the presence of sincere hospitality are identified not merely as business strategies, but as real implications of the work of the Holy Spirit who precedes the church (prevenient grace) in destroying human egoism. This study concludes that tourism can be an eschatological means by which social interactions are transformed into encounters that bring about God's Shalom, meaning that tourism can be a way to bring about God's peace through authentic encounters between tourists, rather than simply ordinary tourist transactions. The author recommends the reconstruction of public spaces in this destination as inclusive communal spaces that facilitate reconciliation and social transformation.

Aerobic capacity, commonly measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), is a key indicator of physical fitness and athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports. Recent attention has focused on the role of respiratory muscle function in supporting exercise performance, as respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity or prolonged activity may reduce ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance. This literature review aims to examine current evidence regarding the effects of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT), including Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), on aerobic capacity in athletes. Relevant studies were identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to respiratory muscle training, VO₂max, and athletes. The reviewed studies generally reported improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, reduced respiratory muscle fatigue, and enhanced ventilatory efficiency following RMT interventions. These physiological adaptations may contribute to better exercise tolerance and overall athletic performance. However, evidence regarding direct improvements in VO₂max remains inconsistent across studies. The findings suggest that RMT can be used as a complementary strategy alongside conventional training programs to support aerobic performance. In addition, improved respiratory muscle function may provide benefits in health promotion and rehabilitation by reducing dyspnea and increasing exercise tolerance. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the extent of RMT’s contribution to improving VO₂max in athletic populations.

Judicial digital transformation through the implementation of e-Court and e-Litigation represents a strategic initiative of the Supreme Court of Indonesia to establish a modern, effective, and efficient judiciary. These innovations have successfully transformed various stages of civil case administration and litigation into faster and more transparent processes. However, the success of digitalization in case examination has not been accompanied by similar reforms in the execution of court judgments. This study aims to analyze the regulation of civil judgment execution following the implementation of e-Court and e-Litigation, identify challenges encountered in practice, and formulate a concept of execution digitalization as part of judicial reform. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources in the form of legislation and Supreme Court regulations, as well as secondary legal sources including scholarly literature and previous studies. The findings reveal that although e-Court and e-Litigation have accelerated dispute resolution processes, the execution of civil judgments remains largely conventional. Consequently, several challenges persist, including delays in execution, lack of transparency, and limited supervision by litigating parties. Therefore, the development of an integrated Digital Execution System linked to existing electronic judicial platforms is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of judgment enforcement and ensure greater legal certainty for justice seekers.

Aerobic capacity, commonly measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), is a key indicator of physical fitness and athletic performance, particularly in endurance sports. Recent attention has focused on the role of respiratory muscle function in supporting exercise performance, as respiratory muscle fatigue during high-intensity or prolonged activity may reduce ventilatory efficiency and exercise tolerance. This literature review aims to examine current evidence regarding the effects of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT), including Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), on aerobic capacity in athletes. Relevant studies were identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords related to respiratory muscle training, VO₂max, and athletes. The reviewed studies generally reported improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, reduced respiratory muscle fatigue, and enhanced ventilatory efficiency following RMT interventions. These physiological adaptations may contribute to better exercise tolerance and overall athletic performance. However, evidence regarding direct improvements in VO₂max remains inconsistent across studies. The findings suggest that RMT can be used as a complementary strategy alongside conventional training programs to support aerobic performance. In addition, improved respiratory muscle function may provide benefits in health promotion and rehabilitation by reducing dyspnea and increasing exercise tolerance. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the extent of RMT’s contribution to improving VO₂max in athletic populations.

Misconceptions on the topic of waves are a systemic problem in high school physics learning that requires a comprehensive diagnostic instrument. Conventional diagnostic instruments up to the four-tier generation have limitations in revealing the conceptual structure behind students' thinking errors. This study aims to develop a five-tier multi-representation diagnostic instrument on the topic of waves using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The main innovation of this instrument lies in the integration of multi-representations (verbal, pictures, graphics, mathematical) in Tier 1 and the addition of a paraphrase tier (Tier 5) that asks students to rewrite their understanding in their own words. The development process includes needs analysis, designing a grid of 16 questions, validation by two experts, and a limited trial on 34 grade XI students of SMAN 13 Kota Jambi. The results of expert validation showed an average percentage of 91.25% (Very Good) from both validators. Content validity was met with a percentage of False Positive (FP) of 6.80% and False Negative (FN) of 4.41%, both below the 10% threshold. Construct validity was confirmed through a significant Product Moment correlation (r = 0.342–0.348; sig. < 0.05) and factor analysis with six significant factors (eigenvalue > 1). The instrument's reliability was high, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.726. This instrument is expected to help physics teachers diagnose students' misconceptions more precisely and thoroughly on the topic of waves.

This study investigates the development of Indonesian language literacy among third-grade elementary school students. The primary problems identified were acute classroom passivity and low reading comprehension, evidenced by an initial learning mastery of only 45.16%, which were largely driven by conventional teacher-centered pedagogy. The objective of this research is to enhance early-grade reading literacy and active participation through an innovative instructional intervention. The proposed method employed a two-cycle Classroom Action Research (CAR) design at SDN Jrebeng Kulon 1, integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by serial picture media. This approach utilizes chronological visual scaffolding to facilitate narrative comprehension for students in the concrete operational stage. The results demonstrated a highly significant academic progression: classical learning mastery increased to 70.97% (mean score: 80.80) in Cycle I and culminated in an absolute 100% mastery rate (mean score: 94.51) by the end of Cycle II. The synthesis of these findings reveals that transitioning from static visual aids to serial visual stimuli within a problem-oriented framework effectively mitigates cognitive dissonance and eradicates classroom passivity. In conclusion, the integration of the PBL model with serial picture media serves as a comprehensive pedagogical solution that not only maximizes cognitive reading comprehension but also reconstructs students' verbal articulation and social-collaborative skills, offering a highly scalable strategy for early primary education.

Concrete volume calculation is a crucial factor in preventing cost overruns when preparing the Budget Plan (RAB) for construction projects. In arch bridge projects, the complex structural geometry often makes conventional volume calculation methods complicated and prone to errors, particularly due to the geometric complexity of the arch beams. This study aims to analyze the comparison of concrete volume calculation results between the conventional method and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method using Autodesk Revit in terms of cost-effectiveness. The case study was conducted on the Short Span II Pulau Balang Bridge Duplication Project in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN), Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan. The research objects include substructures (bore piles, pile caps, abutments, piers, and wing walls) and superstructures in the form of arch beams. The research method employs a quantitative approach by calculating concrete volumes conventionally using AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel, as well as calculating with BIM Autodesk Revit through three-dimensional modeling and Quantity Take-Off (QTO) exports. The results indicate that the BIM Autodesk Revit method generates a larger concrete volume compared to the conventional method, resulting in a higher total cost based on the BIM volume. The total cost for the conventional method amounted to IDR 142,613,245,996.12, while the BIM Autodesk Revit method amounted to IDR 143,127,208,186.60. These differences are influenced by the level of calculation detail, the simplification of shapes in the conventional method, and the precision of modeling in Autodesk Revit.

Malware represents an evolving cybersecurity threat that demands more effective detection methods. Conventional signature-based detection systems have limitations in identifying new variants, driving the development of deep learning-based approaches. This research implements and evaluates four variants of the YOLOv11 algorithm (n, s, m, l) for malware classification based on visual image representation. The dataset consists of 22,056 malware and benign images, divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% testing across 8 classes (adware, backdoor, benign, downloader, spyware, trojan, virus, worm). Each model was trained for 100 epochs with batch size 32 using Google Colab with GPU support. Results demonstrate that all variants achieve high accuracy (97.8%-98.1%) with YOLOv11m as the best performer (98.1%). YOLOv11n offers optimal balance between accuracy (97.9%) and efficiency (1.5M parameters, 0.3 ms/img inference) ideal for real-time applications. This research surpasses previous methods such as K-NN (97.18%) and hybrid CNN (96.55%) with superior inference speed (0.3-0.9 ms/img vs tens to hundreds of ms/img), proving the effectiveness of YOLOv11 for fast, accurate, and scalable malware detection.

Batik motif classification has attracted growing attention in visual computing due to its role in cultural heritage preservation, textile informatics, museum documentation, and automated cataloging. Although many studies report high classification accuracy, robustness under real-world acquisition conditions remains insufficiently understood. Batik images are frequently affected by illumination variation, blur, folds, watermark overlays, wearable deformation, scale inconsistency, and background clutter, creating challenges that extend beyond conventional image-noise assumptions. Existing studies largely focus on improving classification performance, while the interactions among acquisition variability, feature representation, evaluation practice, and deployment constraints remain fragmented. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing batik classification research through a robustness-aware perspective. Using query expansion, backward and forward citation chaining, relevance screening, and thematic coding, 116 candidate records were identified, resulting in 50 highly relevant studies for detailed analysis. The review reveals that robustness is shaped less by denoising alone than by the combined effects of acquisition conditions, representation design, evaluation realism, and deployment context. Handcrafted descriptors remain competitive for small datasets and structured motifs due to their data efficiency and interpretability, whereas deep learning models achieve the highest reported accuracy when supported by sufficient data diversity and realistic augmentation. Hybrid representations emerge as the most consistently balanced approach, combining local texture stability with higher-level abstraction across heterogeneous acquisition settings. The review further identifies recurring robustness failure patterns, including background dependency, illumination instability, motif-scale inconsistency, wearable deformation, and source-shift vulnerability. Based on these findings, a robustness-oriented research agenda is proposed, emphasizing cross-acquisition evaluation, representation-stability analysis, batik-specific robustness benchmarks, acquisition-aware augmentation, and deployable lightweight or hybrid architectures. The study contributes a domain-specific synthesis that reframes batik motif classification from an accuracy-centric task toward a robustness-aware visual recognition problem.

Transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and enhancing socio-economic activities in urban areas. The increasing population growth and community activities in Sorong City have led to a higher demand for transportation modes. This study aims to identify the characteristics of transportation users in Kota Sorong and to analyze the probability of selecting different transportation modes using the Multinomial Logit (MNL) method. A quantitative approach was employed in this research. Questionnaires were distributed to 225 transportation users in Sorong City. The variables analyzed included gender, age, occupation, income, trip purpose, travel frequency, and reasons for choosing a transportation mode. The data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with SPSS software. The results indicate that transportation mode choice is influenced not only by socio-economic factors, but also by showed that income, trip purpose, travel frequency, and reasons for choosing the mode significantly influenced transportation mode choice, while gender, age, and occupation did not have significant effects. The probability analysis indicated that private vehicles had the highest probability of selection at 89.63%, followed by online transportation at 9.96%, and conventional motorcycle taxis at 0.41%. These findings imply that socio-economic and travel behavior factors strongly influence transportation mode preferences in Sorong City and may serve as a reference for future urban transportation planning and policy development.

The consistent decline in cucumber production in Indonesia indicates limitations in conventional cultivation systems, particularly due to land scarcity and inefficient resource management. This condition has encouraged the development of hydroponic systems as a more controlled and productive cultivation alternative. This study aims to critically analyze the key factors determining the success of hydroponic cucumber cultivation and to identify the most influential management aspects in improving yield. The method employed is a literature review, examining various recent studies related to hydroponic systems, nutrient management, growing media, and environmental factors. The results show that the advantages of hydroponics lie not only in land and water efficiency but also in the ability to precisely control growth variables. However, optimal productivity highly depends on the proper integration of nutrient management, particularly the regulation of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and nutrient balance, as well as the control of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Inaccuracy in a single component can significantly reduce plant performance, even when other factors are optimal. Therefore, an integrated approach combining nutrient and environmental management simultaneously is essential to enhance hydroponic cucumber productivity. This study confirms that hydroponics has strong potential as a strategic solution to support sustainable agriculture amid land limitations in Indonesia.