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Zahran Rayyan; Rayyan Mahdi; Syarifal Luthfan

Proceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health 2023 Program Studi DIII Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan

Cloud computing has revolutionized data storage and management; however, security and privacy concerns remain critical challenges. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology to enhance data security in cloud environments. A decentralized approach ensures data integrity, authentication, and tamper resistance. The proposed framework leverages smart contracts to enforce access control policies efficiently. Simulation results indicate that our model significantly improves data security without compromising system performance.

Zahran Rayyan; Rayyan Mahdi; Syarifal Luthfan

Proceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health 2023 Program Studi DIII Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan

Cloud computing has revolutionized data storage and management; however, security and privacy concerns remain critical challenges. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology to enhance data security in cloud environments. A decentralized approach ensures data integrity, authentication, and tamper resistance. The proposed framework leverages smart contracts to enforce access control policies efficiently. Simulation results indicate that our model significantly improves data security without compromising system performance.

Deni Exka Saputra; Aditya Dwi Raja Kamansastra2; Iqbal Maulana; Allkaf Movlexis Adam; Mustofa Abi Hamidn

Jurnal Kendali Teknik dan Sains 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Education Is A Very Important Aspect In Efforts To Improve The Quality Of Intelligent Human Resources So That They Can Support The Progress Of The Nation And State In The Future. As One Of The National Development Sectors In An Effort To Make The Nation's Life Smarter, The Vision Of Education Is To Create An Education System As A Strong And Authoritative Social Institution To Empower All Indonesian Citizens To Become Quality Human Beings So That They Are Able And Proactive In Responding To The Challenges Of The Ever-Changing Times. Data Source Sampling Was Carried Out Purposively And Snowball, Data Collection Techniques Used Triangulation, Data Analysis Was Inductive/Qualitative, And Qualitative Research Results Emphasized Meaning Rather Than Generalization. The Descriptive Method Is A Method For Assessing The Status Of A Group Of People, Objects, Conditions, Systems Of Thought, Or Events In The Present. This Type Of Research Tries To Explain Certain Social Phenomena. In This Research, It Starts From Designing A Ladder Diagram. An Existing Ladder Diagram Is Then Made Into A Circuit And Given A Load In The Form Of An Electric Motor That Can Be Controlled With Forward/Reverse. 3-Phase Power Source, Power/Three-Phase Mcb, R/S/T Phase, 1-Phase Mcb, Zelio, Forward And Contact Contacts, 3-Phase Motor As Output From Three Phases, Pb Stop, Pb Forward, And Pb Reverse. The Control Circuit Has Three Main Components, Namely The Zelio Sr Block, Contactor Block And Control Panel. The Three Components Are Interconnected And Coordinated By Zelio Sr As A Pc-Based Control Device. The Zelio Sr Used Is The Sr2 B121fu Type Which Has 4 Output Terminals And Has A Working Voltage Of 220v. System Design Testing In The Research Using The Zelio Plc. A. Simulation In Software. The Image Below Is The Initial Display Of The Application. Education Is One Part Of Developing High Quality Education For All Indonesian People Towards Creating A Quality Indonesian People. The Impact Of Education Is Quite Broad In Various Aspects Of Life Starting From The Economic, Social, Political, Technological, Environmental, Cultural, Educational And So On.

Ode Irman; Anggia Riske Wijayanti; Yosefina Nelista

Proceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health 2023 Program Studi DIII Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan

Introduction: Needle procedures are common actions that are often encountered in emergencies. Emergency Departement (ED) with high workloads sometimes needle procedures are performed by force, thus causing uncontrolled pain, long-term negative psychological disorder, impairing physical evaluation and clinical outcome. The purpose of this review is to identify nursing intervention to reduce pediatric pain in needle procedures in ED. Methods: The literature search used the PubMed database with the keywords: nursing intervention, pain, needle procedures or injection and emergency department. Article criteria: 1) full text, 2) published in the 2016-2020 period, 3) employing Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research design, and 4) respondents aged 3-13 years old. Analysis of the quality of articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Result: 171 articles identified. Based on criteria and quality assessment of articles as many as 6 articles reviewed with focus intervention: virtual reality, parental presence, buzzy aplication, ditto aplication, humanoid robot and listening music. Conclusion: Nurses can use these interventions in the nursing care to reduce pediatric pain during needle procedures in ED.

Ode Irman; Anggia Riske Wijayanti; Yosefina Nelista

Proceeding International Conference Of Innovation Science, Technology, Education, Children And Health 2023 Program Studi DIII Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan

Introduction: Needle procedures are common actions that are often encountered in emergencies. Emergency Departement (ED) with high workloads sometimes needle procedures are performed by force, thus causing uncontrolled pain, long-term negative psychological disorder, impairing physical evaluation and clinical outcome. The purpose of this review is to identify nursing intervention to reduce pediatric pain in needle procedures in ED. Methods: The literature search used the PubMed database with the keywords: nursing intervention, pain, needle procedures or injection and emergency department. Article criteria: 1) full text, 2) published in the 2016-2020 period, 3) employing Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) research design, and 4) respondents aged 3-13 years old. Analysis of the quality of articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Result: 171 articles identified. Based on criteria and quality assessment of articles as many as 6 articles reviewed with focus intervention: virtual reality, parental presence, buzzy aplication, ditto aplication, humanoid robot and listening music. Conclusion: Nurses can use these interventions in the nursing care to reduce pediatric pain during needle procedures in ED.

Fadilla Umeida Putri; RR. Rochmoeljati

Jurnal Kendali Teknik dan Sains 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is a manufacturing company that produces costumize products, steel door systems and fireproof doors. Currently PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is producing 100 units of pallet rack manufacturing with customers from PT X so that proper material requirements planning is needed. The purpose of this research is to determine the material requirements of pallet racks optimally and efficiently. This research requires calculating the Bill of Materials (BOM) using the Cutting plane method and controlling the production process to run effectively and efficiently. Based on the calculations that have been carried out, the results show that for 2 mm thick mild steel material requirements, 6 sheets of plate are needed, 3 mm thick mild steel requires 173 sheets of plate, 3.6 mm thick mild steel requires 12 sheets of plate and 5 mm thick mild steel requires 12 sheets of plate. So that from these calculations PT Atlantic Anugrah Metalindo is expected to minimize the material requirements of pallet rack products.

Sriyani Sriyani; Agusdini Banun; Kemala Rita Wahidi

The Journal General Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research 2023 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

The increasingly high cost claims for caesarean section cases in the National Health Insurance or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) era mean that hospitals are required to provide service efficiency, the BPJS Health payment system to hospitals is through the INACBG's (Indonesia Case Based Groups) rates. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of clinical pathway compliance and prescription writing according to the national formulary on cost control with caesarean section indication as an intervening variable at St Theresia Hospital. This type of research is confirmatory research using a quantitative approach. The sample in this study amounted to 80 samples from caesarean section cases in August-October 2023. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Based on the results of testing the Path coefficients hypothesis, it was found that F count (63.047) > F Table (3.432) with a significance level of 0.05, the results of the t value> 1.96 and p < 0.05. The results of data analysis and hypothesis testing showed that there was an influence of clinical pathway compliance, writing prescriptions according to the national formulary and indications for caesarean section on cost control.

Kevin Antorio Ferdicha; Yayok Suryo Purnomo

Manufaktur: Publikasi Sub Rumpun Ilmu Keteknikan Industri 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

As a company engaged in ports such as ship services, goods services, container services, passenger services, and various services related to the port and shipping industry, of course, prioritizing good service. Various activities in the work environment have potential risks that must be identified and evaluated. Systematic, thorough, and structured approaches such as Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determine Control or HIRADC are used to identify problems affecting work processes and risks associated with existing equipment or systems, which can endanger individuals around the port. This research was conducted qualitatively by analyzing the safety risks of workers at ports around Surabaya, East Java. The results showed that there were 7 types of work with 45 hazard risks identified.

Afifah Rahmadini; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain

Jurnal Publikasi Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

The rapid advancement in information technology has transformed the landscape of accounting, making it increasingly computerized, enhancing efficiency through the automation of routine tasks, enabling real-time access to financial data, and providing more sophisticated data analytics capabilities. However, alongside these benefits, technology also brings challenges related to data security and changing regulations, necessitating accountants to continuously develop their technological skills. Online collaboration between accountants and clients is becoming more common, reflecting the influence of information technology on the evolution of accounting practices. Technological developments also affect Accounting Information Systems (AIS), changing the way data is processed, internal controls are implemented, and financial information is prepared. Despite initial concerns, the advancement of IT ultimately opens up new opportunities, such as computer-based information system audits, computer-based information system consulting, and web trust audits. This is the essence of the impact of information technology on the development of accounting, presenting opportunities and challenges that require adaptation and a strong understanding from accounting professionals in the digital era.

Yohana Fransiska Natalia; Ni Luh Ayu Atmi Kamaratih; Hwihanus Hwihanus

Jurnal Akuntan Publik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is a company operating in the retail sector. In running a business, a company needs to pay attention to the management control system. As one part of carrying out management functions, planning cannot be separated from control. The management control system itself has the aim of planning, evaluating and making decisions in order to develop and maintain the company's survival. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of data analysis show that the strategic planning process at PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is good and budget preparation is carried out per division as well as to make it easier to detail the budget for activity needs. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of the management system control function at PT Andalan Inti Indonesia is quite good and running well. The company has focused on increasing brand awareness as a step in achieving its sales target of 2 billion. Apart from marketing its products offline, the company also utilizes technology that supports the popularity of the online market. Employee placement is carried out appropriately to ensure the effectiveness and productivity of each division. Overall, PT Andalan Inti Indonesia has a structured and holistic approach to company management, with a focus on adapting to market changes, evaluating performance, and implementing short-term strategies that are in line with online market trends.

Ulfa Hermaini; Fauziah Nasution; Risqi Aulia Safitri; Qisti Aqila Rahma; Habib Munawir Hasibuan

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This paper aims abnalyze The physical and psychosocial development of children and adolescents is a broad topic and complex. Children begin to develop the ability to think, learn, and remember, and begin to develop the ability to control emotions and interact with people other. In adolescence, individuals experience a transition between childhood and adulthood adult life is characterized by biological growth and development and psychological. Children's physical and psychosocial development of adolescents can begin with an explanation of the importance of understanding physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence. Matter This is because this period is a very important period in a person's life, in where many significant changes and developments occurred. Additionally, understanding of Physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence is also very important for parents, teachers and health workers in providing appropriate care and upbringing. Physical development during childhood and adolescence includes growth and development of body organs, nervous system, and motor abilities. Meanwhile development Psychosocial includes emotional, social and cognitive development. During childhood, Physical and psychosocial development is greatly influenced by the environment and upbringing accepted. Meanwhile, during adolescence, physical and psychosocial development is influenced by internal and external factors, such as hormonal changes, social environment, and pressure from friends peer. In discussing children's physical development and adolescent psychosocial development, it needs to be emphasized that each individual has different developments, depending on factors which influences it.

Stefani Sindita Sari; Gabrielle Michaela Krisvi; Irda Agustin Kustiwi

Mutiara : Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The aim of this research is to assess the influence of accounting understanding, use of accounting information systems, and the role of internal audit on the quality of financial reporting at PT Kereta Api India (Persero) Surabaya City. The research method used is quantitative, and the research approach involves descriptive analysis using primary data. Analysis was carried out using SPSS to carry out Validity Tests and Reliability Tests. As an employee at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), you are part of the sample population of the general accounting and taxation department, which is also the accounting department, responsible for finance, budgeting and management. Accounting knowledge, use of accounting information systems and internal audit play an important role in controlling the quality of financial reports.

Erniyati Erniyati; Puspa Citra; Legis Tsaniyah; Hermawan Hermawan

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2023 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

The bakery industry is a sector that continues to grow through the crisis period in 2021 when Indonesia managed to record the highest bread sales in the Southeast Asia region with total transactions reaching USD 18.7 billion. Mak MPOEQ cake house in Bogor is one of the small food industries that has continued to produce during the Covid 19 pandemic until now. Bakery products are sensitive to contamination so they can easily and potentially spread food safety hazards. An integrated system of control and quality management of manufactured products is required, which makes it possible to implement timely measures to prevent, identify and eliminate deficiencies and errors in production, to provide reliable information about the products produced to consumers. To date, a system based on the use of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles has been able to overcome these food safety problems well. The design of the HACCP system at Mak MPOEQ's cake house has been implemented through a community service mentoring program for staff from FMIPA Pakuan University in the period April-December 2023. The coaching is carried out following the stages of implementing the HACCP system as stated in SNI CAC/RCP 1 of 2011 issued by National Standardization Agency. The basic requirements for HACCP itself have been prepared by partners since 2021. The results of the hazard analysis carried out on the MPOEG Mak Cake House production system found 7 significant hazards out of the 20 hazards evaluated. Next, using the Codex decision tree, 4 CPPs were determined from the 7 hazards, namely egg receiving, flour sifting, filing, and vla cooking. Based on these 4 CCPs, a HACCP Plan has been prepared which focuses control on cleanliness when receiving eggs, physical contamination when sifting flour, sanitary bacteria from worker cross-contamination, and temperature and cooking time. All controls are carried out per activity batch and verified periodically.

Joys Oktavia; Desfi Dwi; Hwihanus Hwihanus

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control system for the sale of merchandise at Jazzy Souvenir Store. The approach used is a qualitative descriptive method with the application of data analysis techniques using triangulation. Data collection is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis results indicate that the internal control system for the sale of merchandise at Jazzy Souvenir Store is not yet optimal, as evidenced by the lack of adequate organizational structure and the existence of dual functions in the execution of tasks and responsibilities. Additionally, negligence in inventory recording by store employees leads to discrepancies between the physical inventory of merchandise and the recorded inventory in the system.

Hwihanus Hwihanus; Grace Lodita Hatumena; Alifiarisma Maricar

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to find out how the management control system at the Cita Hati Foundation is regarding the incentive system given to local teaching staff and foreign teaching staff.  The data source for this research uses primary and secondary data.  The aim of this research is to display, explain and analyze the function of implementing a management control system.  This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which is usually used to describe and describe current phenomena, whether human engineering or natural.  Primary data was obtained directly from the Cita Hati Christian School, which was the subject of the research.  By conducting direct observations at the Cita Hati Christian School and interviews with people at the school who are related to this research.  The results obtained are that the Cita Hati Foundation has teaching staff who are competent in their fields, not only local teaching staff, but also bringing in foreign teaching staff to improve the quality and value of education.  The presence of foreign teaching staff has both positive and negative impacts on the foundation, especially local teaching staff.  This is due to the differences in treatment given by the foundation to the two.  So the researchers suggest that the Cita Hati Foundation evaluate and revise the incentive program that will be given to employees, in accordance with the policies that have been determined or agreed and the point is that the policies made must be in accordance with the Foundation's ability to provide incentives in accordance with employee performance.  This will encourage better performance so that the company can also develop forward with employees who are loyal and willing to develop together.

Almi Rahmadani Siregar; Budi Dharma

Master Manajemen 2023 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

This research aims to investigate two aspects: (1) the methodology used to record the coal extraction process at PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga, and (2) the effectiveness and efficiency of the current coal extraction system at PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga. The research methodology used in this study falls into the domain of cross-sectional and qualitative investigations. The data collection process includes surveys and observations as the main methodology. After starting the verification process, the data entered undergoes analysis through techniques such as data cleaning, data processing, and interpretation of results.The research results show that the application of the Docflow method and fish bone diagrams in fish feeding at PT. Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga, along with the use of feeding control procedures such as min-mix (s,S), System (s,Q), System (R,s,S), and System(R,S), is very effective and useful in feeding fish. During the land development phase, per meter counts are carried out to ensure that stocks are monitored and maintained in abundant quantities.

Ahmad Dadan Hawari; Riki Gana Suyatna

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Banten Batik own distinctive characteristics _ And unique because it's on the side every the motive tell a story history legacy culture sultanate offerings in the form of culture , society sultanate Banten . In effort For conserve And protect batik then required introduction to world various various batik motifs in Indonesia and its history. Research qualitative emphasize exists complaint from Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the Citra Gading Complex , Village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , against low sale of Heirloom batik Banten . In fact , the number of batik produced is not comparable with number of batik sold . It means more many batiks do not sold , compared to those sold . Temporary system sales carried out by Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the complex image Gading , village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , banten , that is system sale conventional . Through promotion between batik craftsman , neighbor , nor batik buyers . The aim is to help , marketing system conventional This not enough maximum to sale of heirloom batik offer . So , it is necessary breakthroughs new For push sale of heirloom batik offer . Wrong One Current problem _ this , that is constraint on batik marketing , which continues experience decline . The reason is the height competition between batik craftsmen . So , total more batik production a lot , in comparison with batik sold , as long as this is the sales process use system Sale conventional . Promotion , take advantage fellow batik craftsmen as well batik buyers . Craftsman Not yet Can take advantage progress technology . So , reach market only limited local to Serang City . for push its height batik sales , with use system digital marketing sales . stages to be done in the digital marketing process of selling heirloom batik offer . including , making webset official special on the page specifically www.batikpusakabanten.com website This under control Heritage Batik Center Banten complex image Gading , sub-district Karundang, subdistrict cipocok , city attack . For speed up the promotion process And sales , then The website www.batikpusakabanten.com will be later will strengthened with it was formed account Facebook , Twitter, Instagram , and networking social other with the same theme buy batik.dalam webset that , too available features interesting , that's the goal For make it easier service ordering .

Ahmad Dadan Hawari; Riki Gana Suyatna

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Banten Batik own distinctive characteristics _ And unique because it's on the side every the motive tell a story history legacy culture sultanate offerings in the form of culture , society sultanate Banten . In effort For conserve And protect batik then required introduction to world various various batik motifs in Indonesia and its history. Research qualitative emphasize exists complaint from Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the Citra Gading Complex , Village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , against low sale of Heirloom batik Banten . In fact , the number of batik produced is not comparable with number of batik sold . It means more many batiks do not sold , compared to those sold . Temporary system sales carried out by Heritage batik craftsmen Banten in the complex image Gading , village Karundang , sub-district cipocok , city attack , banten , that is system sale conventional . Through promotion between batik craftsman , neighbor , nor batik buyers . The aim is to help , marketing system conventional This not enough maximum to sale of heirloom batik offer . So , it is necessary breakthroughs new For push sale of heirloom batik offer . Wrong One Current problem _ this , that is constraint on batik marketing , which continues experience decline . The reason is the height competition between batik craftsmen . So , total more batik production a lot , in comparison with batik sold , as long as this is the sales process use system Sale conventional . Promotion , take advantage fellow batik craftsmen as well batik buyers . Craftsman Not yet Can take advantage progress technology . So , reach market only limited local to Serang City . for push its height batik sales , with use system digital marketing sales . stages to be done in the digital marketing process of selling heirloom batik offer . including , making webset official special on the page specifically www.batikpusakabanten.com website This under control Heritage Batik Center Banten complex image Gading , sub-district Karundang, subdistrict cipocok , city attack . For speed up the promotion process And sales , then The website www.batikpusakabanten.com will be later will strengthened with it was formed account Facebook , Twitter, Instagram , and networking social other with the same theme buy batik.dalam webset that , too available features interesting , that's the goal For make it easier service ordering .

Sinta Sukma Ayu; Zuhrinal M. Nawawi

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2023 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This research aims to determine the application of Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) in Islamic Business Management. This research uses a qualitative research method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The existing data sources come from indexed journal literature that has an ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) electronically which has been published via the internet with the code E-ISSN. Data collection was carried out via internet surfing from Google Scholar. The research data population is journals and books that focus on POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling). The results of this research state that the implementation of planning in Islamic business management must be in line with sharia values, ensuring that business objectives not only benefit the company, but also create social and economic benefits for society as a whole. The application of organizing in Islamic business management involves the creation of a fair and sustainable organizational structure. The separation of duties and responsibilities must reflect fairness, and strategic decisions must take into account their impact on society. Synergy between business interests and general welfare is the main key in the organizing process. The application of actuating in Islamic business management is the implementation of Islamic values in every company action such as work ethics, transparency and honesty and creating fair economic opportunities. The application of controlling in Islamic business management includes continuous monitoring of compliance with sharia principles. This includes ongoing evaluation of business sustainability and fair distribution of profits. Controls also ensure that the business operates in accordance with Islamic objectives and does not involve practices that are inconsistent with sharia law.

Anna Sari Hasibuan; Fina Nurhaliza; Bunga Sovia Erik

JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN KEBUDAYAAN DAN AGAMA 2023 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Abstract. The baby's social emotional development must be a parent's main goal, because if social emotional development does not go well it will affect and hinder other developments such as psychomotor, emotional and other baby development. This research uses a method called critical review, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles, and other media. The main goal of this approach is to improve readers' comprehension and interpretation skills in the field of early childhood development. Infancy is a time of rapid growth and change, infancy is a time of reduced dependency. The developmental tasks of infancy throughout the life span are, learning to eat solid food, learning to walk, learning to talk, learning to control the elimination of body waste, learning sexual differences and procedures, preparing to read, and learning to distinguish right from wrong, and starting to develop conscience. The development of patterns in the changes experienced by individuals since they were still in the womb over a certain life span, namely, weight, height, physical proportions, bones, muscles and fat, body shape, teeth, nervous system, and development of the sense organs. The psychological function of infancy is the period of formation of fundamental psychological patterns for eating, sleeping, and toileting, although the formation of these habits may not be complete by the end of infancy.