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Sukabanjar Village is one of the villages striving to improve basic infrastructure quality, particularly in drainage construction and road repair. However, limited understanding among village officials and communities regarding standardized construction cost estimation methods, specifically the Unit Price Work Analysis (AHSP), has become an obstacle in preparing accurate and efficient Budget Plans (RAB). This community service program (PKM) aims to improve the understanding of village officials, village hall staff, and Sukabanjar Village community regarding AHSP-based construction cost estimation planning as the standard reference for construction work cost calculation in Indonesia. The program involved socialization and training for 20 participants, consisting of village officials (RW/RT), village hall staff, and general public, introducing the basic concepts of AHSP, RAB component elements, and simple simulations of drainage and road work cost calculations. Evaluation was conducted through pre- and post-tests. The results of the activity showed a very significant improvement in participants' understanding. The average pre-test score was 42, which then increased to 75 in the post-test, reflecting an increase of 33 points (78.6%). In conclusion, the AHSP-based cost estimation planning socialization was effective in improving the village community's understanding of construction infrastructure budget management, although continued mentoring is still needed for optimal and sustainable implementation.

This study aims to analyze the impact of nickel mining activities on the religious life of the community in West Kabaena District, Bombana Regency. The research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to obtain an in-depth understanding of the social and religious changes occurring within the community. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving religious leaders, community leaders, youth representatives, and mining workers. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that nickel mining activities have not diminished the community’s understanding of environmental stewardship as a religious responsibility. However, increasing economic dependence on the mining sector has gradually reduced public concern for environmental preservation. In the religious sphere, mining activities have contributed positively by supporting the construction and improvement of worship facilities and religious programs. Nevertheless, work-related demands have reduced the participation of some community members in religious activities. Furthermore, mining activities have affected social solidarity within the community. Values such as brotherhood, mutual cooperation, and social care remain preserved, although changes in social interaction patterns and widening economic disparities have become increasingly apparent. The study concludes that nickel mining activities generate both positive and negative impacts on the religious life of the West Kabaena community. Therefore, balanced policies integrating economic development, environmental sustainability, and religious values are essential to promote sustainable community welfare and strengthen social harmony.

Concrete volume calculation is a crucial factor in preventing cost overruns when preparing the Budget Plan (RAB) for construction projects. In arch bridge projects, the complex structural geometry often makes conventional volume calculation methods complicated and prone to errors, particularly due to the geometric complexity of the arch beams. This study aims to analyze the comparison of concrete volume calculation results between the conventional method and the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method using Autodesk Revit in terms of cost-effectiveness. The case study was conducted on the Short Span II Pulau Balang Bridge Duplication Project in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN), Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan. The research objects include substructures (bore piles, pile caps, abutments, piers, and wing walls) and superstructures in the form of arch beams. The research method employs a quantitative approach by calculating concrete volumes conventionally using AutoCAD and Microsoft Excel, as well as calculating with BIM Autodesk Revit through three-dimensional modeling and Quantity Take-Off (QTO) exports. The results indicate that the BIM Autodesk Revit method generates a larger concrete volume compared to the conventional method, resulting in a higher total cost based on the BIM volume. The total cost for the conventional method amounted to IDR 142,613,245,996.12, while the BIM Autodesk Revit method amounted to IDR 143,127,208,186.60. These differences are influenced by the level of calculation detail, the simplification of shapes in the conventional method, and the precision of modeling in Autodesk Revit.

This study aims to map the trajectory of syntactic acquisition in three-year-old children through syntactic patterns and communicative functions in naturalistic interaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, data from native Indonesian-speaking children were collected over a period of 1.5 months through the involve-conversation technique. Analysis of 80 utterances using frequency distribution, Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), and functional grammar revealed a dominant Subject–Verb–Object (S–V–O) structure (30%) and an MLU of 5.82 morphemes. These findings indicate a developmental transition from telegraphic speech to early multi-clause constructions, reflecting increasing linguistic complexity. Cognitive compensation is marked by the use of pragmatic particles and non-canonical sentence patterns driven by ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions. The results support the usage-based hypothesis, suggesting that early syntactic development is functional, sequential, and non-linear in nature. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of interactional experience in shaping emerging grammatical competence. This classification serves as a micro-longitudinal assessment tool and provides a pedagogical basis for scaffolding interventions aimed at stabilizing complex linguistic patterns and enhancing language development in early childhood education settings.

The development of digital media has transformed virtual public spaces into major arenas for shaping public opinion on religious issues, including Islamic law and sharia in Indonesia. Discussions surrounding sharia on social media are frequently accompanied by stigma and misperceptions influenced by media framing, digital algorithms, and identity polarization. This study aims to analyze the construction of stigma toward Islamic law in the digital era, identify forms of sharia misperception in the Indonesian public sphere, and explain factors contributing to the reproduction of such stigma. This research employs a qualitative approach based on an integrative literature review combined with digital media discourse analysis. Data were collected through scientific literature reviews, social media observations, and analysis of digital content related to sharia discourse. The findings reveal that sharia is often associated with violence, anti-democracy, restrictions on women’s rights, and opposition to modernity due to media simplification and emotionally driven digital content. In addition, low levels of religious digital literacy and the prevalence of echo chambers reinforce the spread of stigma toward Islamic law in virtual public spaces. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening religious digital literacy and promoting moderate and inclusive Islamic narratives in contemporary digital society.

Construction project control requires careful planning to avoid delays and cost overruns. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the CBT Laboratory Building construction project at the Faculty of Medicine, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, in terms of cost and time using the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) method, and to analyze acceleration alternatives using the crashing method. The method used is a quantitative approach with a case study, based on project data such as the Budget Plan (RAB), S-curve, and work progress reports. The analysis was carried out using the Earned Value Analysis (EVA) method to assess project performance in terms of cost and time through indicators such as CV, SV, CPI, and SPI. Furthermore, an acceleration analysis was conducted using the crashing method to determine the optimal alternative for overcoming project delays by considering time and cost efficiency. The results of the Earned Value Analysis indicate that the project experienced delays and cost overruns, as shown by SPI < 1 and CPI < 1. The estimated project completion time increased to 227 days, longer than the initial plan of 217 days, while the estimated final cost reached RP 5,451,241,064.85, exceeding the initial budget. Acceleration efforts using the crashing method show that adding adding labor is more efficient than working hours (overtime), resulting in a project duration of 212 days with lower costs of RP 5,658,221,364.08. Thus, the Earned Value Analysis method is effective for evaluating project performance, while crashing can be a solution for acceleration by considering time and cost efficiency.

The Padang State University Community Service Program (KKN) in Jorong Koto Tingga, Nagari Sirukam, Payung Sekaki District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, implemented a public space revitalization program through the construction of a creative garden based on rice field views. This program was created in response to the lack of representative public spaces and the decline in social interaction between residents due to modernization. Using a participatory approach, the community and youth of the jorong were involved in every stage, from planning, land clearing, to the construction of seating facilities overlooking the expanse of rice fields. As a result, the empty land was successfully transformed into a functional, aesthetic, and locally valuable public space. The high level of community participation demonstrated the success of the approach implemented and fostered a sense of ownership of the park being built. This program is expected to become a model for revitalizing public spaces based on local potential for other rural areas. Although the construction was not fully completed when the KKN program ended, the community and youth of Jorong Koto Tingga are committed to continuing it independently. This program is expected to become a model for revitalizing public spaces based on local potential for other rural areas with similar characteristics.

Coal hauling activities are an important part of mining operation because they affect production continuity, cycle time efficiency, and operational safety. This study aims to analyze the requirements of road support equipment on the coal hauling road from Sector 4 to the new Coal Processing Plant (CPP) at PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Central Kalimantan. Based on road geometry, traffic density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI). The research method used was applied research with a quantitative approach. Primary data ware collected through field measurements consisting of road geometri observations, traffic density observations, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing to obtain CBR values, and road surface condition assessment using the URCI method. Secondary data were obtained from the company records. The results showed that the hauling road has a total length of 9.1 km with an average width of 16 m, and grade values ranging from -7.68% to 10.52%, which are still below the maximum standard of 12%. Traffic density reached 184 dump trucks/day, for coal hauling and 62 units/day for construction material transportation, indicating high traffic intensity. CBR values ranged from 7% to 100%, showing variations in subgrade bearing capacity. The URCI value ranged from 72,50 to 91.00, indicating fair to good road conditions. Based on the analysis of road conditions and maintenance area requirements, the recommended support equipment for maintaining the hauling road consists of 1 motor grader unit, 1 compactor unit, 1 bulldozer unit, and 1 water truck unit.

The development of social media, particularly TikTok, has played a significant role in shaping beauty trends and constructing ideal facial standards among young generations. The TikTok Beauty phenomenon not only provides diverse makeup references but also reinforces specific visual representations that influence perceptions of beauty. This study aims to examine the relationship between the TikTok Beauty phenomenon, the process of facial standardization, and its implications for the development of makeup techniques. A qualitative approach was employed through content analysis and literature review. Primary data were obtained from observations of popular TikTok videos under the hashtags #beautytrend, #makeup, and #tiktokbeauty, while secondary data were drawn from scholarly literature on beauty standards, social construction, and social media algorithms. The findings indicate that TikTok strengthens certain beauty standards such as fair skin, slim facial contours, and a flawless appearance which in turn influence techniques like complexion layering and visual manipulation. However, the platform also provides space for more inclusive and diverse beauty narratives. This study recommends enhancing aesthetic literacy to ensure that makeup practices prioritize diversity and the unique characteristics of each individual.

The concept of the natural look in facial makeup has continued to develop along with changes in beauty trends that emphasize a simple, clean, and natural appearance. The natural look is not only understood as a makeup technique involving minimal cosmetic use, but also as a representation of modern beauty perceptions that highlight authenticity and self-confidence. This article aims to examine the concept of the natural look in facial makeup through a literature review of various relevant previous studies. The method used is a literature study by analyzing scientific journals and books discussing natural makeup techniques and beauty perceptions. The results indicate that the natural look is achieved through the use of neutral colors, light application techniques, adjustment to individual facial characteristics, and the selection of cosmetics that support a natural appearance. In addition, beauty perceptions of the natural look tend to emphasize simplicity, cleanliness, and an authentic impression. Therefore, the natural look can be understood as a combination of technical approaches in makeup and social constructions of the meaning of beauty in society.

The article entitled “Gender Construction and Representation of Social Actors in the Drama Lutung Kasarung: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Theo van Leeuwen” aims to describe the representation of gender-based social actors through inclusion and exclusion strategies and to reveal the construction of gender ideology built in the drama text. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. The research data source is the drama text Lutung Kasarung, while the analysis unit includes dialogue, narrative, and the depiction of characters who represent gender-based social actors. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation by reading, identifying, and grouping data according to Theo van Leeuwen's analysis categories. The results of the study show that the inclusion strategy is more dominantly used to present male characters as strong, rational figures, and have authority in determining the course of the story. In contrast, female characters are represented in two patterns, namely the ideal passive woman and the dominant woman who is constructed negatively. In addition, the exclusion strategy is used to obscure the role of women in decision-making, thereby reinforcing gender marginalization. This study concludes that the drama Lutung Kasarung represents patriarchal ideology through discourse practices that shape power relations between men and women.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fundamentally transformed digital marketing communication, while emerging as a strategic instrument in public relations practices of global corporations. This study aims to examine the construction of meaning around artificial intelligence as a financial solution within the cultural context of Lebaran, while analyzing the PR communication strategy employed by Google Indonesia in building persuasive messages for its public on digital platforms. The research object is a video advertisement posted on the official Instagram account @googleindonesia on March 7, 2025, promoting the Gemini Canvas feature for managing Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR) budgets. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with an interpretive paradigm, integrating two complementary analytical perspectives: first, Roland Barthes three-level semiotic analysis — denotation, connotation, and myth — to deconstruct meaning constructed through visual, verbal, and auditory signs in the advertisement; second, the PR communication strategy framework from Smith (2021) to identify how the choices of mascot, emotional message, and cultural appeal represent strategically planned communication decisions by Google Indonesia. The findings reveal that Google Indonesia constructs Gemini Canvas as an empathetic and culturally aware entity through three key elements: anthropomorphic symbolism in the form of a bespectacled cat functioning as brand mascot, local cultural markers of ketupat and THR, and Arabic-nuanced music that aurally reinforces the Lebaran atmosphere — all representing deliberate strategic PR decisions. From Smith’s (2021) perspective, the advertisement applies a proactive communication strategy combining negative emotional appeal — financial anxiety ahead of THR — immediately followed by positive emotional appeal as a concrete solution through Gemini Canvas, representing a structured form of public perception shaping. At the myth level, the advertisement normalizes reliance on digital platforms through systematic cultural localization. This study contributes to understanding AI-based digital marketing communication strategies and the shaping of public perception on AI technology by global corporations in the Indonesian market.  

The remarkable global ascent of BTS, a South Korean music group operating under HYBE Corporation (formerly Big Hit Entertainment), is inseparable from a well-orchestrated and adaptive public relations (PR) framework. This study examines how HYBE's PR strategies propelled BTS to international prominence while simultaneously aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Adopting a qualitative methodology grounded in media content analysis, the research draws on data from international and national news coverage, official press materials, public speeches, digital platform content, and institutional documents spanning 2017 to 2024. Four strategic pillars characterize BTS's PR approach: (1) sustained authentic narrative construction centered on personal growth, social responsibility, and cultural pride; (2) strategic mobilization of the global ARMY fanbase as an active communication force; (3) integrated and innovative utilization of digital media ecosystems to amplify reach and engagement; and (4) deliberate repositioning of BTS as contributors to economic and industrial transformation through creative industries. The findings demonstrate that BTS's PR model does not merely serve commercial objectives; rather, it operates as a mechanism for advancing inclusive economic growth and fostering innovation within the global creative sector. This research contributes to the theoretical discourse on PR's evolving role at the intersection of popular culture, digital innovation, and global sustainable development.

This study analyzes the formation of a digital brand community through Persib Bandung fan interactions on social media. The research aims to examine how content distribution, message functions, and engagement patterns contribute to the construction of collective identity and digital rituals among supporters. Using a qualitative-interpretative content analysis supported by quantitative descriptive data, this study analyzes 418 posts published on Persib Bandung's official Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, X/Twitter, and YouTube accounts from November 27 to December 10, 2025. The findings reveal that Persib Bandung generated 29,543,663 total interactions, with Instagram and TikTok emerging as the most affective platforms for engagement. Non-match content (41.4%) and emotional or motivational messages (40.2%) dominate communication. Despite high public engagement, no evidence of two-way talkback from the official account was found, indicating a predominantly one-way communication model. The study concludes that Bobotoh function as a digital brand community characterized by collective identity, digital rituals, loyalty, symbolic ownership, and co-creation of brand meaning through measurable public interactions. This research contributes to the understanding of sports communication and digital brand communities in emerging football markets.

This study examines the systemic transformation of Japan’s refugee and immigration policy from 2021 to 2025, exploring how humanitarian paradigms have been superseded by state security considerations. The research aims to analyze how Japan constructs refugees as an existential threat to legitimize its restrictive reception regime, synthesizing Realism and Constructivism to explore the intersection of securitization, national interest, and identity. Methodologically, this paper employs a qualitative interpretive case study by integrating Ruth Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and Interpretive Process Tracing (IPT) to examine government texts, policy documents, and parliamentary debates. The findings reveal a profound policy asymmetry driven by intersubjective threat framing and institutionalized topoi (abuse, threat, law and order). Ukrainian displaced persons are positively categorized as evacuees (hinanmin) to align with G7 geopolitics, whereas traditional asylum seekers are pejoratively labeled as "repeated applicants" and framed as threats to public order, social harmony (wa), and ethnic homogeneity (tan’itsu minzoku). This discursive construction successfully legitimizes extraordinary measures within the 2023 amendment of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (ICRRA), including the abolition of automatic deportation suspensions and the expansion of a surveillance state via alternative monitoring (kanri sochi). Ultimately, this study demonstrates that international norm compliance is deeply mediated by domestic cultural appropriateness (nihonjinron). It implies the necessity for future ethnographic research on grassroots impacts and suggests transparent asylum evaluation metrics aligned with non-refoulement principles.

This article analyzes the security crisis in Haiti through the lens of constructivist theory in International Relations. Haiti represents one of the clearest examples of a failed state in the Western Hemisphere, where state authority has collapsed and been replaced by armed criminal groups known as gangs. Using a constructivist perspective, this article traces how social constructions, identities, and historically formed norms have shaped the fragility of the Haitian state. The study also integrates the concept of human security to illustrate the real impact of this crisis on citizens' security across seven dimensions: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political. The main finding suggests that Haiti's state failure is not merely a product of weak formal institutions, but the result of a long process of social construction, encompassing the legacy of colonialism, crippling reparation payments, counterproductive foreign intervention, and the normalization of violence in everyday life. From a constructivist perspective, restoring security in Haiti requires narrative reconstruction, rebuilding social trust, and comprehensive reform of institutional norms.

This study aims to explain the construction of gender identity in Toni Morrison's novel Beloved through Judith Butler's gender performativity theory. This novel tells the story of the traumatic experience of slavery that shapes racial identity as well as the social issues, power relations, and extreme violence depicted within it. This study explains how Sethe and other female characters in the novel Beloved construct and demonstrate their identities through concrete actions as a form of protest against slavery. Based on Judith Butler's performativity approach, identity is not understood through a fixed biological destiny but rather as a repetition of social practices and norms within society. In the novel Beloved, Black women are represented not as a fixed biological essence but as the result of the application of norms in society. In Beloved, the Black female body is depicted as a source of oppression and a space of resistance. The system of slavery in Beloved not only controls the physical body but also women's subjectivity. Sethe's actions in protecting her child in the novel can be read as an attempt to shake up hegemonic maternal norms. The results of this study indicate that Morrison portrays identity as a political construct and always in the process of becoming. The trauma depicted in the novel is a performative mechanism that shapes the characters' subjectivities. Thus, an analysis of gender performativity in Beloved cannot be separated from the intersectional issues of race, history, slavery, and patriarchal culture.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of flexing on social media as a representation of social status in digital society through the perspectives of Jean Baudrillard’s simulacra theory and Erving Goffman’s self-presentation theory. The research employs a qualitative method using content analysis of social media posts, particularly on Instagram and TikTok, that display flexing practices. The research data consist of photos and videos containing symbols of luxury, such as branded goods, luxury vehicles, exclusive locations, and consumptive lifestyles. The findings reveal that flexing is not merely an act of showing off, but also a conscious self-representation strategy used to construct a particular social image. The luxury symbols displayed often do not fully reflect reality, but rather represent identity constructions that have been selectively curated and manipulated according to the desired image. From the perspective of simulacra, these representations have replaced reality itself, causing the boundary between reality and representation to become increasingly blurred. Furthermore, the phenomenon of flexing is closely related to consumer culture, the need for social recognition, and personal branding strategies in the digital era. Exposure to flexing content also encourages social comparison, which may lead to psychological pressure among audiences. Therefore, flexing can be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon reflecting changes in how individuals construct identity, perceive reality, and gain social legitimacy within digital society.

This study aims to analyze the consumptive culture of students in following trends using Karl Marx’s social class theory perspective. The phenomenon of consumptive behavior among students is no longer based on rational needs but is influenced by social, economic, and digital technological developments. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that students’ consumptive behavior is part of modern capitalism mechanisms that shape consumption patterns through class relations, digital media, and social identity construction. From Marx’s perspective, consumption functions as a tool for reproducing the capitalist system that maintains social inequality, while Herbert Marcuse’s perspective reinforces that modern consumption is driven by “false needs” constructed through media and industry. In addition, factors such as family socioeconomic status, social environment, digital media, and the need for social recognition also strengthen students’ consumptive behavior. Therefore, student consumptive culture can be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the interaction between economic, social, and ideological structures in modern society.

The development of fine motor skills and collaborative character is an essential foundation during the golden age period to support children’s academic readiness and social development. However, learning stimulation at Tamalate State Kindergarten is still largely dominated by conventional methods that lack variety and interactive activities. This community service program aims to implement constructive Straw Connectorsmedia as an innovative learning solution to stimulate children’s fine motor skills and cooperative character. The implementation methods included teacher workshops, classroom application with students through collaborative constructive play activities, and evaluation of learning achievements. The findings revealed a significant improvement in children’s fine motor skills, with the average score increasing from 1.67 in the Pre-Test to 3.27 in the Post-Test. Furthermore, 60% of the children achieved the Very Well Developed (BSB) category in collaborative character development. Through the use of Straw Connectorsmedia, students were able to create complex architectural products such as construction bridges and windmills. The study concludes that Straw Connectorsmedia is effective in improving visual-motor coordination, creativity, and collaborative skills while fostering social empathy through interdependent interaction among children during the learning process.