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Rock mass is a volume of rock consisting of rock material in the form of minerals, texture, composition and also consisting of discontinuous planes, forming a material and interconnected with all elements as a unit. The rock mass itself is composed of several intact rocks which basically have isotropic, continuous and homogeneous properties. However, the conditions found in the field are different, namely anisotropic, discontinuous and heterogeneous. These properties will certainly influence the test results in the uniaxial test. There are several factors that influence the results of uniaxial rock tests, one of which is the scale effect. The purpose of this test is to determine and analyze the effect of rock sample size on the uniaxial compressive strength value of claystone. This rock testing was carried out at the Mineral and Coal Technology Laboratory and the rock sampling locations were in Palaran District, Samarinda City and in North Samarinda District, Samarinda City. In this uniaxial compressive strength test, 3 side widths with different lengths will be used. After carrying out the uniaxial compressive strength test, the average uniaxial compressive strength test value was obtained in each formation, such as the Balang Island formation, the average rock compressive strength test value was 1.68 Mpa and the Balang formation, the average rock compressive strength test value was 3.10. Mpa. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the larger the sample size, the smaller the rock compressive strength test value tends to be.      

This research aims to determine the effect of adding the additive Sika Fume on the compressive strength of hollow concrete. This research uses a type of quantitative research with experimental methods, namely by carrying out several tests on test objects in the laboratory. The results of this research show that the compressive strength of hollow concrete with the addition of sika fume with a variation of 0% and 2% of the weight of cement, the experimental results obtained for the compressive strength of hollow concrete for 28 days of concrete with a variation of 0% with an average of 16.83 Mpa. For a variation of 2% with an average of 17.42 Mpa. So it can be concluded that concrete with a variation of 2% with an average of 17.42 Mpa is the variation with the highest compressive strength value and reaches the design compressive strength. Meanwhile, the 0% variation with an average of 16.83 Mpa is the lowest compressive strength value and does not reach the design compressive strength.

The development and progress of science, especially in the field of building materials technology, has encouraged the birth of new concepts, especially for construction made of concrete. One of these new concepts is by presenting innovations in the manufacture of lightweight concrete to reduce the excessive use of bricks / concrete blocks as non-structural building materials such as walls. One way to overcome this is to use lightweight concrete as a precast wall or as a brick. Its use can reduce the magnitude of the load acting on the building and is fast in installation. The purpose of this research on lightweight concrete with a mixture of bamboo shavings is to determine the properties of the stacking material, the relationship between mechanical properties at the age of 14 and 28 days of concrete with no soaking conditions, and the effect of the addition of bamboo shavings. The tests and examinations carried out were compressive strength, strain, and content weight of lightweight concrete. The results showed that lightweight concrete with the most ideal bamboo shavings mixture was 1 cement: 1-1.5 bamboo shavings: 2 sand (fas value: 0.8) has a compressive strength of 1.65 MPa and 1.63 Mpa, respectively, for a content weight of 753.01 kg/m3 and 609.66 kg/m3.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of adding hyperplasticizer and retarder on the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete. Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate from the Jenneberang River, Kab. Gowa. The concrete mix design uses a trial and error mix design for self-compacting concrete by making visual observations, so that the physical conditions of the mixture appear to be sufficient to produce a good mix. The stages of this research, by finding a comparison of the slump flow values ​​of the self-compacting Concrete concrete, then making test objects, after that curing the test objects using the water curing method for 28 days, then testing the compressive strength of the self-compacting Concrete concrete to produce comparison to the compressive strength of normal(conventional) concrete. The results of this research show that self-compacting concrete has a compressive strength value of 46.25 Mpa compared to normal concrete of 45.02 Mpa, an increase of 2.73% compared to normal concrete. And the slump value of normal concrete is 8 - 13 cm, while the slump flow of self-compacting concrete is 63 - 84.9 cm, with a time range between 2.53 - 3.46 seconds, able to reach a diameter of 500 mm on the segregation board.  

The rapid expansion of construction activities has led to increased concrete consumption, resulting in excessive exploitation of natural aggregate resources and growing environmental concerns. To mitigate this issue, ceramic waste has been investigated as an alternative material in concrete production. This study examines the effect of ceramic waste powder used as a filler on the workability and compressive strength of concrete. Ceramic waste powder was applied as a partial replacement for fine aggregate at proportions of 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%. The concrete mixtures were produced using Ordinary Portland Cement Type I, natural sand, crushed stone as coarse aggregate, and potable water, all conforming to Indonesian National Standards (SNI). Workability was assessed through slump tests in accordance with SNI 1972:2008, while compressive strength tests were performed on cylindrical specimens at 28 days following SNI 1974:2011. The compressive strength for each mixture was determined from the average of three specimens. The results show that increasing ceramic waste content slightly reduced slump values, from 17.20 cm in the control mix to 16.60 cm at 45% replacement, although all mixtures met the required workability standards. A gradual decrease in compressive strength was also observed, from 17.79 MPa to 16.65 MPa at the highest replacement level. However, this reduction was not significant, indicating that ceramic waste powder can be used in normal-strength concrete without substantially affecting performance. The utilization of ceramic waste therefore represents a sustainable alternative to reduce natural aggregate consumption while maintaining acceptable concrete properties.

Paving blocks, also known as concrete bricks, are one of the materials commonly used by the public with many uses. Paving type A for roads, paving type B for parking lots, paving type C for pedestrians and paving type D for parks and other uses. Related to waste management efforts in Indonesia, efforts have been made to process one of them by processing plastic waste into paving blocks. From the research results, the maximum compressive strength value was obtained in a mixture of 30% Polypropylene plastic: 70% fine aggregate with a compressive strength value of 16.11 MPa, this value can be included in quality class C which can be used for pedestrians. There is quite a lot of this plastic waste in the coastal environment of Situbondo, Gelung Village. Therefore, one of our programs is to provide training to junior high school students and the academic community at SMPN 4 Panarukan SATAP in processing colorful plastic into paving blocks