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Background Recently, the development of technology is also becoming more advanced. Today's technology is able to bring about a new era where everything becomes fast-paced practicality. The negative impacts of excessive gadget use include gadget addiction, sleep disturbances, eye fatigue, poor posture, impaired close vision, and decreased cognitive abilities. The purpose of this community service is to provide counseling on the impact of gadget use on children at the reading house of the library framework in North Aceh district. Method The implementation of community service is face-to-face, using the counseling method. This activity was carried out on Tuesday, 31 October 2023 at the Rangkang Pustaka Reading House in Nisam village, North Aceh Regency. The counseling was conducted for children aged 7 to 11 years. who are at the elementary school,with a total of 37 participants. The results showed that from a total of 37 children, it was found that 13 already had sufficient understanding of the impact of gadget use, while 24 still did not have knowledge and understanding of the adverse effects that arise from the use of gadgets. In conclusion, gadgets can reduce the ability to think and analyze things, and can have long-term and permanent consequences if not addressed early on. This activity is very helpful for children to become independent and reduce smartphone addiction.

Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

This paper aims abnalyze The physical and psychosocial development of children and adolescents is a broad topic and complex. Children begin to develop the ability to think, learn, and remember, and begin to develop the ability to control emotions and interact with people other. In adolescence, individuals experience a transition between childhood and adulthood adult life is characterized by biological growth and development and psychological. Children's physical and psychosocial development of adolescents can begin with an explanation of the importance of understanding physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence. Matter This is because this period is a very important period in a person's life, in where many significant changes and developments occurred. Additionally, understanding of Physical and psychosocial development during childhood and adolescence is also very important for parents, teachers and health workers in providing appropriate care and upbringing. Physical development during childhood and adolescence includes growth and development of body organs, nervous system, and motor abilities. Meanwhile development Psychosocial includes emotional, social and cognitive development. During childhood, Physical and psychosocial development is greatly influenced by the environment and upbringing accepted. Meanwhile, during adolescence, physical and psychosocial development is influenced by internal and external factors, such as hormonal changes, social environment, and pressure from friends peer. In discussing children's physical development and adolescent psychosocial development, it needs to be emphasized that each individual has different developments, depending on factors which influences it.

Abstract. Language is a central part of human intelligence, it is important for us to understand how and when language is mastered as well as the social cognitive and neurological facts that influence language development at an early age.  Language is a symbol system that is an important means of communication, even though we cannot communicate in other ways such as gestures, postures or facial expressions, language is our most flexible method of communication.  Language allows us to describe the past and make plans for the future.  Language allows us to convey traditional ideas and values to the next generation, thus language is of the most important cultural and social importance.  Research using this method is carried out by comparing research methods, processing methods, and the results obtained from each article.  The research source comes from articles obtained via the internet in the form of research articles discussing infancy development.The research results show.  Speaking is a means of communication to be able to communicate with other people, all individuals must be able to master two different functions, the ability to grasp the meaning that other people want to communicate and the ability to communicate with other people in such a way that they can be understood.  Early social experiences play an important role in determining future social relationships and patterns of behavior toward others.  Learning to behave in a moral manner that is accepted by those around you is a long and slow process.  But the basics are laid in infancy and it is based on these basics that babies develop moral codes that guide their behavior when they grow up.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Power of Two cooperative learning model on students' thinking skills in the Fikih material at MI Nurul Yaqin Donoyudan. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that refers to literature observations, observations, and documentation. The Power of Two model is applied by forming small groups of two students who discuss the material being studied before sharing their understanding with other groups. This strategy is designed to encourage active interaction, increase self-confidence, and deepen understanding of the material. During the learning process, researchers observed an increase in collaboration between students and their ability to express opinions and understand Fikih concepts. The results of the study indicate that the application of this model can improve students' thinking skills, both in cognitive and affective aspects, which are marked by an increase in the quality of discussions, understanding of concepts, and active participation in learning activities.

This research was conducted to find out the impact of mathematics learning on the cognitive abilities and life skills of elementary school students. This research uses a questionnaire to find out how they have learned mathematics. This research uses a qualitative approach by utilizing a questionnaire as an instrument. The distribution contained 15 questionnaire statements given to 18 class VI students. The results of the analysis show that most mathematics learning has a positive impact on students' cognitive and life skills. Through mathematics lessons, students can hone their ability to think critically, systematically, so that they can solve problems from the questions they are given and problems found in everyday life. Although there are still many who do not feel the benefits of mathematics itself.

This research aims to see how the mathematical thinking abilities of students who have a field independent cognitive style are based on Shafer and Foster's theory. This research uses a descriptive approach. The sample for this research is 3 class VII students of SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo. The technique for selecting subjects in this research was purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used were mathematical thinking test methods, interview methods and documentation. The data analysis technique used is reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research regarding the level of mathematical thinking ability based on Shafer and Foster's theory in solving algebra material problems showed that students at SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo who had a field independent cognitive style in solving the reproduction level were able to know basic facts, namely knowing and writing down any information that could be known in questions and determine the problem correctly, at the completion of the connection level students are able to integrate information, namely explaining the steps to solve the problem correctly and applying the right algorithm to solve the problem, at the completion of the analysis level students are able to mathematize situations, namely being able to change real problems into mathematical form by make equations and make generalizations, namely being able to find the correct answer.

Based on the results of the initial observations that the author made at the Mandiri ABCD Kindergarten in Sipoholon District, it shows that the Kindergarten still does not use various interesting media to facilitate learning in the classroom. This research is motivated by problems that arise in class, namely children are less able to recognize number symbols properly because the child's cognitive abilities have not yet emerged, so that the facilities at school to recognize numbers are minimal, as well as the recognition of number symbols is less attractive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using snakes and ladders media on the ability to recognize number symbols for children aged 5-6 years at Mandiri ABCD Kindergarten, Sipoholon District. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method. The population is all children aged 5-6 years in Mandiri ABCD Kindergarten, Sipoholon District, totaling 108 people and a sample of 20 people is determined using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire consisting of 23 items. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence on the use of snakes and ladders media on the ability to recognize number symbols for children aged 5-6 years at Mandiri ABCD Kindergarten, Sipoholon District. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is reject.

The progress of a nation is greatly influenced by the contribution to education. Education is expected to be able to make a truly intelligent society, so it will gives the nuances of intelligent life and will progressively shape independence. Such a nation community is a big investment to struggle out of the crisis in the face of a globalized world. In facing today's global world, the task of educators as professional teachers is not only to carry out learning in the classroom, but besides educating, nurturing and guiding the most important thing is to shape the personality of students who have the ability to prepare and develop themselves as critical and creative human resources. . most important is to educate and As educators, teachers convey knowledge and skills to students using certain methods so that knowledge or skills can belong to these students, therefore professional educators are educators who are always trying to improve their performance, by increasing their competence as educators. The embodiment of the competence of these educators is the responsibility of education, especially to prepare students to become intelligent and creative subjects in order to achieve maximum learning achievement. One indicator of the achievement of learning objectives can be identified by looking at the level of learning achievement obtained by students. Purwanto stated that learning achievement is a change in student behavior as a result of learning. The change in behavior was caused because he achieved the use of a number of materials provided in the teaching and learning process. This achievement is based on predetermined teaching objectives. The results can be in the form of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor changes.  

The  study  aimed  at  identifying  and  analyzing  students stylistic  errors  in  the  form  of grammatical  errors  made  by male  and  female  students  of  English  Graduate Department of Mataram University. This research is focused on finding the significant differences between male and female students in terms of the percentages of grammatical errors in their academic papers and factors contributing the errors. The sample of this research was 20 papers of 10 male and 10 female students of English Graduate Department of Mataram University. The data were interpreted and analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis using Pearson chi-square to investigate if there  were  any  significant  differences among the  percentage of grammatical  errors in each category and then the types of grammatical errors in the two groups of male and female students were compared by use of descriptive analysis and statistical analysis.  The  research  findings  show: The  result  of  Pearson  Chi-square  test  of  students grammatical-related  stylistic  error  subcategory,  χ2count=  5.43  and  χ2table=  11.07.It  means  that  the χ2 Count < χ2 table and the null hypothesis H0 was failed to be rejected.  It means there was no difference between  male  and  female  students  in  terms  of  percentage  of  grammatical-related  stylistic  errors sub-category in their academic papers at the level of significance a = 5%. (2) Based on the data analysis, retrospective interview, both cognitive and social factors are affected the students’ ability in writing an academic paper.  The  cognitive  factor  was  the  lack  knowledge  of  male  and  female students about academic writing style and register. This is caused by the lack information they got in their previous study. Therefore, the male and female students still have weaknesses for writing in academic context.

Reading is a cognitive activity or process that aims to find various information contained in written information. This means that reading is a thought process to understand the contents of the text read. Evaluation of learning to read is a series of activities or steps taken after the completion of the main activities to obtain information about the results of learning to read, then manage and interpret them using benchmarks and goals and certain criteria. This type of research is library research, namely research conducted by analyzing and making written literature scientific journals as well as the main source. So the evaluation of learning to read is the process of determining students’ understanding, acceptance, categorization, analysis and reasoning abilities, as well as the accuracy of students’ pronunciation and intonation when taking reading tests in the target language. The purpose of learning to read is so that students can understand and use language in practice, it is not enough to measure it with mere mechanical abilities. The assessment of reading ability must be seen from the general reading ability as a whole, so that when assessing skills other than mechanical skills, it is also necessary to measure reading ability, for example understanding the content or meaning of sentences. The purpose of this study is to find out how the effort to implement the evaluation of students’ reading learning.

This research aims to determine the effect of applying a problem-based learning model with the following variables: 1) teacher activity, 2) student activity, and 3) cognitive learning outcomes of grade XI students, on competency standard choux paste at SMKN 2 Mojokerto. This type of research is experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design and uses two classes that act as experimental and control classes. The instruments used were pretest-posttest questions and observation sheets of teacher and student activities. Data analysis was carried out by independent sample t-test using SPSS 25 for Windows. The results of the independent sample t-test test for the pretest showed that the pretest in the two classes was not significantly different and it could be concluded that the two classes had the same initial ability. While the results of the independent t-test test for the posttest obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.034 which means that the significance value is <0,05. The conclusions on the results of this research are: 1) teacher activity is classified in the very good category, 2) student activity is classified in the very good category, and 3) student's cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class have increased more than the control class.

Physics is a branch of science that requires more cognitive abilities, while the ability to receive information from each person is different. One effective way to deliver information is to use simulations.This research was conducted at SMA Veteran Purwokerto, research participants were students of class X, a case study that explored a group of students, with the method of observation and literature study. This study aims to find out the increase in students' understanding of concepts that are specifically related to Regular Straight Motion and Straight Changed Irregular Motion through learning media, and to determine student involvement in the learning process. To find out whether or not there was an increase in students 'understanding of the concept of Straight Motion Straight Motion Irregularly Changed, researchers compared students' understanding before and after learning with learning media.The results showed that overall there was an increase in understanding of the concepts of Irregular Straight Motion and Irregularly Changed Straight Motion, overall student involvement was very active.

Entrepreneurship learning is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurship, including the ability to recognise and develop new business opportunities, effectively manage resources, and take calculated risks in order to achieve success in business ventures often associated with intentional entrepreneurship refers to a person's motivation or inclination to launch a new business venture. The focus of this study is on entrepreneurial learning and intention, and it employs a systematic review methodology from 2021 to 2023 scopus database. The focus of research related to entrepreneurship learning and entrepreneurship intention focuses on several things such as experiential learning practice, individual characteristics such as gender, age, proximity to entrepreneurship, academic performance, previous work experience, and propensity for risk and observe the change, innovation, one-day female-focused STEM-based entrepreneurship program, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, young employees’ perception of their current paid jobs, creativity among female learners, cognitive and social conditions, creative self-efficacy, and theory of planned behavior.

. A work accident is an unpredictable event. When it happens, it is important to provide first aid in work accidents and to do it one must have knowledge. To increase knowledge about this first aid, it can be done by providing telenursing-based education. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of telenursing-based education on the cognitive ability of garbage collector in performing first aid in a work accident. This research was conducted by using a quasi-experimental one group pre-test and posttest design. The population as many as 40 people and sample amounted to 15 respondents which was taken using non-probality sampling technique. This research used Whatsapp application and data collection was done by giving questionnaires in the form of link to pre test and posttest. Then, the collected data was analyzed by a Wilcoxon statistic test. From the wilcoxon test, it was obtained that ρ value = 0,002 in which this ρ value < α = 0,05 meaning Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of telenursing-based education on the cognitive ability of garbage collector in performing first aid in a work accident.    

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance English test in school examination in Indonesia education system through students’ perception. The school examination is a test to determine whether students can pass and continue to higher education. The goal held in the school Examination English test is a measure of success or failure of students in academic performance. research describe is closely related to the performance of 3rd graders of senior high school  in performing English test in the school examination. Overall the students showed their performance in the English language test of school examination according to their intellectual ability. It consists of 15 students (4 males and 11 females) at Annida Al Islamy Junior High School  who were passed school examination in 2021-2022 academic years. The participants were selected through convenient (availability) sampling procedure. This study was designed as qualitative study.  In collecting the data, the writer used online questionnaire to identify students’ perception on English school examination in Indonesia education system. The findings show that the writers get some students’ perception on performance English test in school examination of school students in three aspects.  They are psychologies and social domain, behaviour domain, and cognitive domain. In psychologies and social domain showed 13% the participants disagree, 54% the participants agree, and 33% the participants strongly agree that performance English test in school examination is able to measure ability in writing. There are 80% the participants also agree and 20% the participants strongly agree that  performance English test in the texts of monologue such as narrative, recount, descriptive, report are very important as a student.