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Cattle farming plays a strategic role in rural economic development by generating employment, supplementary household income, and contributing to food and nutritional security. However, in Indonesia, most smallholder cattle enterprises remain traditional and small-scale, leading farmers to treat livestock farming primarily as a secondary livelihood. While previous studies have largely focused on technical adoption and production performance, limited attention has been given to farmers’ psychological interest as a foundation for sustaining livestock enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of community interest in cattle farming and examine the influence of farmers’ characteristics (age, education level, herd size, number of family dependents, farming experience, and primary income) on such interest. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 34 cattle farmers in Taji Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency, selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that community interest in cattle farming is generally high, as reflected in emotional (3.93), cognitive (3.81), and conative (3.74) dimensions measured on a four-point Likert scale. Regression results indicate that age has a significant positive effect (p = 0.022), whereas farming experience has a significant negative effect (p = 0.025) on interest levels. Other variables show no statistically significant influence. These findings highlight that psychological engagement in cattle farming is shaped more by demographic and experiential factors than by formal education or income level. The study contributes to the literature by positioning interest as a psychological determinant of livestock sustainability. Policy implications emphasize the urgency of risk-mitigation extension programs to address farmer burnout, incentivized intergenerational knowledge transfer, and cooperative-based institutional support to ensure smallholder livestock sustainability.

Local wisdom, particularly traditional snacks, constitutes an essential part of national cultural identity that needs to be introduced from an early age. However, observations at SDN 1 Tanggungharjo revealed that students' understanding of traditional snacks remains low, compounded by a lack of contextual and engaging visual learning media. This study aims to design an illustrated book titled "Belajar Jajanan Tradisional" (Learning Traditional Snacks) as a local wisdom-based educational medium for grades 3–6 students at SDN 1 Tanggungharjo. The Design Thinking method was employed through five stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. Data were collected through direct observation, teacher interviews, and student questionnaires. The outcome is a 20-page digital illustrated book in A5 PDF format covering four traditional snacks — klepon, dadar gulung, apem, and kue lapis — with content encompassing their origins, philosophy, cultural values, ingredients, and preparation processes. The applied design elements include character personification, vector cartoon style, bright color palettes based on the snacks' natural colors, rounded sans-serif typography, and a charactercentered layout tailored to the cognitive characteristics of students aged 9–12 years. Trial results demonstrated that the illustrated book effectively enhanced students' understanding of and interest in traditional snacks, while receiving positive feedback from teachers as a contextual and meaningful supplementary medium for thematic learning. 

The Entangled game is designed as an interactive medium to convey the problem of ghost nets to the 19–25 age group through a visual novel format that relies on narrative and visuals as a means of communication. This medium is presented to highlight the problem of ghost nets which are a serious threat to marine ecosystems because they destroy habitats, endanger marine biota, and impact the social and economic aspects of coastal communities, but are still poorly understood by the younger generation due to the limited availability of engaging and communicative educational media. In designing this game, character design plays a key supporting element that helps convey conservation messages emotionally and narratively through character representation, dialogue, and relationships between characters in the storyline. The method used is a mixed method with data collection through interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires, which are then developed using the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) approach to ensure the game design process runs systematically. 

The iftar gathering within the Information Management academic community of Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya was organized as a community service-based internal engagement activity to strengthen fellowship, interpersonal communication, and social concern. The program aimed to create a reflective and collaborative space for lecturers, staff, and students to build togetherness during Ramadan while reinforcing institutional values. The method consisted of coordination, preparation, implementation, documentation, and evaluation. The activity included opening remarks, informal dialogue, iftar, and social interaction among participants. The results indicate that the program contributed to improving collegial relationships, strengthening a sense of belonging, and encouraging social awareness among the academic community. The activity also provided a model of simple but meaningful institutional engagement that can be replicated in future academic and social programs. The implication of this activity is the need to maintain regular community-based programs as part of character development and organizational culture in higher education.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Dayak local wisdom values in the Merdeka Curriculum at public elementary schools in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan. Dayak local wisdom, which encompasses values such as mutual cooperation, solidarity, tolerance, environmental awareness, and respect for cultural traditions, plays a significant role in shaping students' character amid the challenges of globalization and the disruptive era. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. The research participants include school principals, teachers, students, and educational stakeholders from several public elementary schools in Pulang Pisau Regency. Data are collected through observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature reviews. Data analysis is conducted using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings are expected to provide a comprehensive description of how Dayak local wisdom values are integrated into the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning activities within the Merdeka Curriculum framework. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify supporting and inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of local wisdom in educational practices and to formulate strategic recommendations for strengthening character education and preserving local culture in elementary schools. The results are expected to serve as a reference for educational policy development that promotes cultural preservation and enhances the quality of learning in accordance with the socio-cultural context of local communities.

This study examines the social and moral values contained in the Indonesian film Jumbo and their relevance as teaching materials for writing drama texts for eleventh-grade senior high school students. The background of this research is the need for contextual and value-based learning resources to support students’ drama writing skills. This study aims to identify social and moral values in the film and explain their applicability in drama writing instruction. A qualitative descriptive method with a literary analysis approach was employed. The data consist of dialogues, scenes, and conflicts in the film, collected through observation and documentation techniques. The findings reveal eighteen data of social values and twelve data of moral values, reflected through character interactions and ethical choices. These values are relevant for developing conflicts, characters, and messages in drama texts. This study concludes that Jumbo can serve as an effective and meaningful teaching material to enhance students’ drama writing skills and support character education.

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that remains a serious health problem in Bali, with increase case from rabies transmiting animal bite   in 2025. Sobangan Village, area of ??the Mengwi I Public Health Center, has been identified as a high-risk area due to its largest dog population and the second-highest bite incidence in the region. Lack of understanding regarding the initial treatment of bite wounds and vaccination are major risks factor for fatalities. Aim: This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of the Sobangan Village community regarding the prevention and initial treatment of Animal Bites. Method: The implementation method included interactive counseling and focused discussions involving 18 village cadre representatives and PKK members, evaluated using pre-tests and post-tests. Result: The results showed a significant increase in the average knowledge score of participants from 11.56 to 12.56. The most increase understanding occurred in identifying the characteristics of rabid dogs (from 55.6% to 94.4%) and the urgency of post-exposure vaccination (from 72.2% to 100%). Conclusion: Community-based health education has been shown to be effective in improving cognitive competence as a preventative measure to reduce the risk of death from rabies in endemic areas.

Communication is a crucial element in the learning process, particularly in the education of students with special needs who possess diverse characteristics, abilities, and communication requirements. These differences require teachers to implement adaptive communication strategies to ensure that learning messages are effectively conveyed and understood by students. This study aims to analyze the communication at SLB YPAC Medan. The subjects of this study specifically focused on third-grade students with intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) and slow learners. The. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that teachers apply communication strategies through a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of simple language, repetition of learning materials, and step-by-step instructions tailored to students’ abilities. Meanwhile, nonverbal communication is expressed through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and the use of visual learning media to clarify instructional messages. In addition, interpersonal approaches emphasizing patience, attention, empathy, and emotional closeness were found to enhance the effectiveness of teacher–student interactions. Supporting factors include adequate school facilities, psychological services, and therapy programs, while inhibiting factors involve differences in students’ characteristics and limitations in their communication abilities. This study concludes that adaptive communication strategies that accommodate individual student needs play a significant role in creating an effective, comfortable, and supportive learning environment for students with special needs.

The fishermen's community in Tapak Village, Tugurejo Subdistrict, Semarang faces persistent economic vulnerability driven by fluctuating income, low financial literacy, and exposure to illegal online lending and digital financial fraud. This community service program aimed to strengthen the economic resilience of fishermen's families through participatory financial literacy education. Using a participatory-interactive approach involving coastal community members, the program delivered comprehensive financial literacy training tailored to the needs of coastal communities. Program effectiveness was measured through pre-test and post-test instruments. Results showed significant improvements in participants' understanding of cash flow recording, ability to differentiate needs from wants, household budget planning, and capacity to identify illegal online lending characteristics. This program confirms that context-based participatory education is effective in enhancing the financial capacity and resilience of coastal communities.

Proper drug disposal is often perceived as a trivial matter by the public when dealing with medications that are no longer needed. However, improper disposal can effect on the economy, public health, and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to educate the public to improve their knowledge regarding appropriate drug disposal methods. Previous studies have shown that educational media can effectively increase public awareness and understanding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational leaflets in enhancing public knowledge about proper drug disposal. This experimental study involved an intervention using educational leaflets. A total of 100 respondents participated in the study. The intervention was conducted over three consecutive days. Pretest and posttest data were collected to assess changes in knowledge. Univariate analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics, while bivariate analysis (Wilcoxon test) was employed to compare pretest and posttest results. Pretest data indicated that the majority of respondents had only sufficient knowledge about drug disposal. Following the intervention, the number of respondents with sufficient knowledge decreased, while those categorized as having good knowledge increased. Statistically, a p-value of 0.000 demonstrated that the use of leaflets significantly improved knowledge level. Based on the results of this study, educational interventions, such as the distribution of leaflets, can effectively enhance public knowledge about proper drug disposal.

This study examines students’ interest in participating in the Al-Kautsar Tahfidz Dormitory Program at MAN 1 Baubau and identifies the factors influencing their participation. The study also seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how both internal and external conditions shape students’ willingness to engage in the program. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with dormitory supervisors, participating students, and non-participating students. Additional supporting information was also gathered through informal discussions and observation in the dormitory environment to strengthen the data validity. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in an iterative process to ensure accurate interpretation. The findings indicate that students’ interest is shaped by internal factors, such as religious motivation, the desire to memorize the Qur’an, and self-improvement, as well as external factors, including parental support, peer influence, program socialization, and the religious dormitory environment. Conversely, low interest is associated with limited family support, low self-confidence in Qur’anic literacy, competing activities outside school, and perceptions of a demanding dormitory schedule. Overall, the program contributes positively to students’ religious character, discipline, and Qur’anic memorization skills, although variations in student interest remain evident depending on their personal and environmental conditions.

The crisis of student morality and etiquette in higher education institutions has become an increasingly concerning phenomenon in the modern era. Social changes, the rapid development of digital technology, and the weakening The crisis of student morality and etiquette in higher education institutions has become an increasingly concerning phenomenon in the modern era. Social changes, the rapid development of digital technology, and the weakening internalization of religious values have contributed to a decline in students' moral character, which is reflected in poor communication ethics, lack of respect for lecturers, plagiarism practices, individualistic attitudes, and weak academic responsibility. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Islamic values in addressing the crisis of student etiquette at UIN Walisongo Semarang. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through literature review, observation, and data collection from various scientific journals. The findings indicate that the implementation of Islamic values, such as akhlaq al-karimah (noble character), trustworthiness (amanah), discipline, Islamic brotherhood (ukhuwah Islamiyah), and responsibility, can serve as effective solutions in developing students' religious and ethical character. These values are implemented through spiritual development programs, an Islamic academic culture, lecturers' role modeling, Islamic student organization activities, and character education based on Islamic principles. This study emphasizes that the integration of Islamic values into the campus education system constitutes a strategic step in shaping a generation of Muslim intellectuals who excel not only academically but also possess strong morality and ethical conduct.

The quality of Catholic Religious Education learning is an important aspect in shaping students’ faith, character, knowledge, and religious life skills. However, the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura still faces various challenges, particularly in the areas of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum (Merdeka Belajar Curriculum) and its contribution to improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Catholic Religious Education teachers, students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum has been carried out effectively through learning planning, learning implementation, learning assessment, and the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). This implementation has had a positive impact on the learning process, outputs, and outcomes. Students demonstrated improvements in spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills, as well as positive behavioral changes in their daily lives. The findings imply that the Independent Learning Curriculum can serve as an effective strategy for improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning in a holistic manner.

The rapid development of information technology has created new challenges for military organizations, including the increasing accessibility of online gambling among military personnel. This study aims to analyze the optimization of mental development programs for Indonesian Navy personnel at the Naval Academy as an effort to prevent online gambling behavior. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Data were collected from military leaders, military police personnel, mental development officers, and Naval Academy personnel. The findings indicate that mental development programs have been implemented through religious guidance, counseling, lectures, and character-building activities, which generally receive positive responses from personnel. However, several obstacles remain, including limited participation due to operational activities, rapid technological advancement, easy internet access, and the absence of specific educational materials concerning online gambling. Factors influencing personnel involvement in online gambling include low self-control, unproductive use of leisure time, environmental influences, and personal economic problems. The study concludes that mental development can effectively prevent online gambling when implemented continuously, supported by leadership involvement, digital literacy enhancement, supervision of technology use, and specific educational materials addressing the dangers of online gambling.

The contemporary moral crisis, marked by the prevalence of hoaxes, corruption, intolerance, and hedonism, demands a strategic response from the Islamic tradition. This research aims to actualize Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) moral exemplariness as a strategy for strengthening Muslim character. Using a qualitative literature review method with a thematic-integrative approach, this study analyzes primary sources (the Quran, authentic hadiths, classical Islamic texts) and secondary sources (national and international academic journals). The findings identify five dimensions of Prophetic exemplariness (siddiq, amanah, rahmah, zuhud, hikmah) that directly correspond to 24 character strengths in Peterson and Seligman's Values in Action (VIA) framework. This research formulates four actualization strategies: internalization through contemporary Sufism, behavioral modeling (uswah fi'liyah), moral community reinforcement (al-biah al-shalihah), and Islamic digital literacy. The primary contribution of this research is an integrative model linking Prophetic moral values with modern character psychology, supplemented by an integration table mapping moral crises, Prophetic values, and character-strengthening strategies. This model is intended to serve as an operational framework for Islamic educational institutions, families, and Muslim communities in addressing moral crises systematically and evidence-based.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic school culture in shaping the religious character of students at SMK Islam Insan Mulia. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on interview transcripts with three students from different vocational programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Accounting, and Culinary Arts. Data were analyzed through data condensation, thematic coding, data presentation, and interpretive conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of students’ experiences. The findings indicate that Islamic school culture is implemented through religious routines, student discipline, teacher guidance, ethical vocational learning, and the development of a clean and orderly school environment. These practices contribute to the formation of religious character, which is reflected in students’ worship awareness, moral responsibility, honesty in learning, discipline, cooperation, and future orientation. The study also identified several challenges, including limited student independence, peer dependence in group assignments, and the gradual development of facilities in a new vocational program. These findings suggest that Islamic school culture needs to be managed consistently through habituation, teacher role modeling, continuous monitoring, and integration with vocational competencies. The study implies that strengthening Islamic school culture can support both religious character formation and vocational readiness among students.

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) are a requirement in 21st-century education, yet assessments in schools are still primarily based on lower-order thinking (LOTS) cognitive skills. This study aims to examine the concept of the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, the characteristics of instruments based on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), and their implementation in instrument development. This study used a qualitative approach with a heritage study method. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals, and educational policy documents related to HOTS-based assessment. Analysis was conducted through data reduction, categorization, and drawing conclusions based on their alignment with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy framework. The results of this study indicate that cognitive levels C4-C6 in the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy serve as the primary reference in developing HOTS instruments, which can assist in developing HOTS-based instruments to measure students' higher-order thinking skills.

Humanitarian law plays a significant role in shaping military professionalism, particularly in developing leadership character that upholds human values during military operations. Marine Corps officers are frequently involved in operational assignments that directly interact with civilian populations, both in war operations and military operations other than war. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of International Humanitarian Law is essential for supporting professional and ethical decision-making. This study aims to analyze efforts to optimize humanitarian law understanding in order to develop a humanistic character among Marine Corps officer cadets. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using observation, interviews, documentation studies, and literature reviews. Data were collected from Marine Corps educational institutions and legal experts within the Indonesian Naval Academy. The findings indicate that humanitarian law understanding among officer cadets remains constrained by limited instructional time, insufficient practical simulations, and the need for stronger curriculum integration. However, humanitarian law significantly contributes to developing integrity, responsibility, empathy, respect for human dignity, and professionalism in military leadership. Optimization efforts can be achieved through curriculum enhancement, practical case-based learning, continuous legal education, leadership ethics training, and strengthening organizational culture. The study concludes that strengthening humanitarian law education is essential for producing professional, humanistic, and globally competent Marine Corps officers.

Classroom management is an important aspect of creating a conducive learning environment and supporting the achievement of learning objectives. This study aims to analyze the permissive approach and the cookbook approach in classroom management based on the results of an interview with a teacher. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with interviews used as the primary data collection technique. The findings indicate that the teacher does not fully implement either the permissive approach or the cookbook approach. The teacher provides students with freedom within limits that support the learning process while still enforcing agreed-upon classroom rules. In addition, the teacher does not rely on rigid procedures but instead adapts classroom management strategies to students' characteristics and the situations encountered in the classroom. The study reveals that the teacher tends to adopt an adaptive classroom management approach by combining firmness, empathy, and flexibility, thereby creating an orderly, comfortable, and effective learning environment that supports the achievement of educational objectives.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistently high blood sugar levels, which can lead to complications such as diabetic foot issues. A crucial aspect for healthcare professionals providing care to DM patients is assessing the patient's level of adherence and understanding regarding self-care and disease management. Data from the 2023 SKI (Indonesian Health Survey) indicates there were 118,184 cases of Diabetes Mellitus in Central Java. Foot care education delivered via remote services assists patients in performing proper foot care to prevent complications associated with the condition. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an animated video based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in improving the knowledge and adherence of patients with diabetic ulcers. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing a one-group pre-test and post-test approach with a control group. Incidental sampling was used to select 60 respondents. The Mann-Whitney test yielded a p-value of < 0.05 (0.017), demonstrating that the animated video based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was effective in enhancing both adherence and knowledge among patients with diabetic ulcers. The findings suggest that this animated video, leveraging audiovisual media, can be implemented in educational settings to help prevent foot complications in patients with diabetes.