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This study aims to examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and profitability with firm value. The research was conducted on companies in the oil, gas, and coal sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. The independent variables in this study are corporate social responsibility disclosure and profitability, while firm size is employed as a control variable. Firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), whereas profitability is measured using Return on Equity (ROE). This study is grounded in Stakeholder Theory and Signaling Theory to explain the relationships among the variables. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, resulting in 29 companies. The data analysis techniques applied include Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to examine both the simple relationships and the effects of corporate social responsibility disclosure and profitability on firm value. The results indicate that corporate social responsibility disclosure has a negative relationship with firm value, while profitability shows a positive and significant relationship with firm value.

Corporate value plays a crucial role in evaluating the success and sustainability of a business entity, influenced by various internal factors such as special connections, transfer pricing practices, and the effective tax rate (ETR). This study aims to examine the impact of these variables on the value of companies in the property and real estate sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and to examine the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a moderating variable. The study's findings reveal that special relationships and less transparent transfer pricing practices generally decrease company value, while efficiency in ETR can increase it. CSR acts as a moderating factor, strengthening the positive relationship between internal variables and company value while reducing the negative risks of unethical practices. This study recommends the implementation of more solid governance and transparency in business activities to increase competitiveness and company value in the Indonesian property and real estate industry.

This study is motivated by the high frequency and significant impacts of flooding in Indonesia, particularly the recurrent flooding of the Kali Lamong River in Gresik Regency, which causes substantial socio-economic losses each year. Although disaster management is normatively regulated by national policies, its effectiveness depends largely on collaborative governance among multiple actors. This study aims to analyze the practice of collaborative governance in flood mitigation in Gresik Regency using the model of Weber, Lovrich, and Gaffney (2005), which includes vertical, horizontal, and partnership dimensions, and to identify the key challenges that hinder its implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in flood-affected areas along the Kali Lamong River, involving BPBD, DPUTR, sub-district governments, village authorities, and local communities through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that collaboration has been established and functions relatively well, particularly in hierarchical coordination, division of roles among government agencies, strengthening of Destana, KENCANA, and SPAB programs, as well as CSR involvement and community participation all contributing to reduced flood duration. However, the implementation of collaborative governance remains constrained by slow land acquisition and infrastructure development, a predominantly reactive orientation, suboptimal early-warning systems between upstream and downstream areas, and uneven support from the private sector and academia. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative mechanisms and accelerating the resolution of structural barriers are essential to achieve more sustainable flood mitigation efforts in Gresik.

The management of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the banking sector holds strategic importance in strengthening public trust, supporting sustainable development, and ensuring that the distribution of CSR funds aligns with principles of good governance. However, CSR implementation among Indonesian banks continues to face fundamental issues, including limited transparency, inconsistent reporting standards, and weak supervisory mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the banking industry in establishing transparent and accountable CSR fund management. Using a normative legal approach combined with institutional analysis, the findings reveal that although OJK has issued sustainable finance regulations such as POJK No. 51/POJK.03/2017, these regulations have not fully ensured the integrity and accountability of CSR distribution. Strengthening reporting standards, ensuring independent audits, and integrating a digital CSR reporting system are essential to enhance oversight. This study proposes a regulatory–institutional synergy model between OJK and the banking sector to build CSR governance that is transparent, participatory, and impact-oriented.  

The banking sector is a strategic pillar that supports national economic stability and relies heavily on public trust. To maintain this legitimacy, banks are required to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is not only a moral obligation but also a legal duty as regulated in several laws such as Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies and Law No. 21 of 2011 on the Financial Services Authority (OJK). This study aims to analyze the responsibility of OJK in managing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds based on the principles of Good Governance and to examine the role of banking institutions in maintaining public trust through transparent and accountable Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. This research employs a normative juridical approach by reviewing relevant legislation, literature, and regulatory documents. The results show that OJK holds normative, institutional, and legal responsibilities in supervising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation to ensure compliance with the principles of transparency, accountability, independence, responsibility, and fairness. Meanwhile, banking institutions play a crucial role in ensuring that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) becomes an integral part of their sustainability strategy rather than a mere administrative formality. The application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has a positive impact on increasing public trust, as transparency and accountability in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) management strengthen the social legitimacy of banking institutions. Therefore, synergy between OJK and the banking sector in enhancing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) governance is the key to achieving an ethical and sustainable financial system.

TJSL/CSR in Indonesia is regulated as a legal obligation (mandatory) for companies engaged in the natural resources sector. Its success depends on the principle of accountability, which requires transparency and responsibility. This normative-juridical study evaluates the application of accountability principles in the mining sector. Normatively, PP 47/2012 requires CSR to be listed as an expense and focused on sustainable development (PPM). However, this regulation is not robust because it does not set a minimum fund allocation or clear program boundaries, allowing for multiple interpretations. Empirically (Sekotong case study), accountability is implemented in a formalistic manner, consisting only of one-way administrative reports without meaningful participation from the affected communities. A significant weakness is apparent when dealing with the increase in illegal gold mining (PETI) in legal concession areas. This situation results in a vacuum of responsibility. Companies can claim environmental damage caused by PETI, so that responsibility does not successfully ensnare corporate negligence in prevention efforts. The CSR accountability structure in Indonesia is weak because it only emphasizes activities that are carried out, not negligence that is overlooked. Regulatory reform is needed so that accountability includes passive responsibility to ensure that TJSL functions as a significant instrument of sustainable development.

This study aims to examine the contribution of business ethics and the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to the business sustainability of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Depot Air Barokah in Medan City. Using a case study approach, the research explores how ethical practices in service, honesty in product quality, and social concern for the environment and surrounding community can build consumer trust and enhance business competitiveness. These ethical and social dimensions are seen as essential components in sustaining long-term business operations, especially in competitive markets. Data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and supporting documentation, and were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method to provide a comprehensive understanding of the enterprise's practices. The results indicate that the application of ethical and socially responsible business practices has a positive impact on customer loyalty, brand image, and the operational sustainability of Depot Air Barokah. Therefore, MSMEs that consistently uphold business ethics and implement CSR not only achieve economic benefits but also foster harmonious relationships with consumers, stakeholders, and the broader community.

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are business entities whose capital is wholly or primarily owned by the government, and in the form of Persero, partial capital participation from the private sector is permitted. Earnings quality reflects the firm’s true economic condition; therefore, it is influenced by financial conditions and the policies implemented. This study aims to examine the effect of accounting conservatism, capital structure, liquidity, profitability, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure on earnings quality in SOEs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2023 and 2024. Research data were obtained from financial statements and sustainability reports as secondary sources, and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that accounting conservatism has a positive effect on earnings quality, whereas liquidity and profitability have negative effects. Meanwhile, capital structure and CSR disclosure show no significant effect on earnings quality. These results provide empirical insights for stakeholders in understanding the factors that influence the reliability of earnings information in SOEs.

This article analyzes the challenges and solutions surrounding funding for Early Childhood Education (ECE) institutions in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the high dependence on parental fees and the limited availability of external support. ECE plays a crucial role in supporting children’s development during their early years; however, many institutions struggle with financial instability due to inadequate and inconsistent funding sources. This study uses a literature review approach by synthesizing relevant books, journal articles, government regulations, and institutional reports to provide a comprehensive understanding of the funding landscape. Findings show that most ECE institutions rely heavily on parental contributions, causing financial vulnerability, limiting program development, and reducing access for low-income families. Government assistance through the Operational Education Assistance (BOP) remains insufficient and often delayed. Meanwhile, collaborations with the private sector, CSR programs, and community-based support are still minimal. Financial challenges negatively affect institutions’ ability to provide adequate facilities, ensure teacher welfare, and implement holistic-integrative learning programs. The study suggests several solutions, including strengthening financial management capacity, applying participatory budgeting, diversifying funding sources, and initiating creative economic programs such as school bazaars and community partnerships. These strategies are expected to improve sustainability and enhance the quality of ECE services in Indonesia.

Early Childhood Education (PAUD) honorary teachers in West Sumatra face serious welfare challenges, with incomes far below the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP). This condition affects work motivation, limits access to professional development, and reduces the quality of early childhood education services. This study aims to analyze the current welfare conditions of PAUD honorary teachers, identify the factors contributing to low welfare, and offer strategic solutions involving the government, PAUD institutions, the community, and the teachers themselves. This research employed a literature review method by examining scientific journals, educational department reports, statistical data, government regulations, and supporting theories such as Human Capital and Work Motivation. The findings indicate that low welfare is caused by limited regional government budgets, reliance on parental fees, weak legal status of PAUD teachers, limited certification opportunities, and insufficient CSR and community support. Recommended solutions include increasing government funding, expanding ASN/PPPK recruitment opportunities, strengthening institutional management, collaborating with private sectors, and enhancing teacher competence through continuous training. In conclusion, improving the welfare of PAUD teachers is an urgent step to strengthen the quality of early childhood education services and support the achievement of national education goals from an early age.

This study aims to investigate in detail the tax planning and implementation strategies applied by PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk in fulfilling its Corporate Income Tax (CIT) obligations. While taxes serve as a major source of government revenue, they also represent a financial burden for businesses that can impact net profits. Therefore, the implementation of a carefully designed tax planning approach is crucial to effectively manage tax liabilities while remaining compliant with existing legal regulations. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, supported by a review of relevant literature and the use of secondary data obtained from taxation-related documentation. The study seeks to identify the tax planning protocols adopted by the company and assess their influence on the effectiveness of the firm’s tax-related financial expenditures. The findings reveal that PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk has successfully implemented tax planning strategies through the strategic utilization of deductible expenses as outlined in Article 6(1) of the Indonesian Income Tax Law, which includes expenditures for employee training, research and development activities, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This approach allows the company to legally reduce its tax obligations while enhancing its financial efficiency. The insights gained from this research are expected to serve as a framework for other organizations in developing tax planning policies that are not only effective and efficient but also sustainable in the long term.

This study aims to measure the Community Satisfaction Index  for PT INALUM's CSR program in Kuala Tanjung Village, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province. The Hikayat Si Kuta program serves as an evaluation instrument and basis for sustainable planning, which contributes significantly to improving the community's quality of life through an integrated program of education, training, and local capacity building. The research approach uses a quantitative method by distributing a Community Satisfaction Index questionnaire to program recipients. The study results show high satisfaction scores in most aspects, but there are critical challenges in the program's independence and sustainability, indicating potential dependency. This is because one of the programs has only been running for 1-2 years, so in the early stages the impact of its independence is not yet clearly visible. These findings confirm that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has had a tangible impact, but strategies are still needed to strengthen the program's social resilience. This article recommends the development of a roadmap for strengthening the capacity of assisted groups so that the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs can have a more sustainable and inclusive impact.

This research investigates the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), along with Capital Intensity, Company Scale, and Profitability, on practices of Tax Evasion within energy firms registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2022 to 2024. The matter of tax evasion endures as a major concern, given its effects on government funds and business openness. By employing a quantitative method featuring a causal-associative structure, the study empirically explores the links between these factors. Information from secondary sources, including yearly reports and sustainability documents, was collected and examined through multiple linear regression analysis via IBM SPSS version 26. The findings show that CSR exerts a positive and meaningful influence on Tax Evasion, whereas Capital Intensity and Company Scale demonstrate positive influences that lack significance. In opposition, Profitability displays a negative and meaningful effect on Tax Evasion. As a whole, the independent factors together exert a significant influence on tax evasion behaviors. These outcomes strengthen agency and legitimacy theories, implying that CSR initiatives could function as a tool for securing legitimacy in handling tax duties while promoting long-term corporate adherence to fiscal obligations.

Environmental sustainability has become an essential approach for companies to enhance their competitive advantage and reputation. This study examines the effect of ownership structure on sustainability performance and firm value. This study uses data from state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Ownership structure is proxied by institutional ownership, management ownership, and public ownership; sustainability performance is proxied by the total economic score, environmental score, and social score; and firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q. Our results reveal that ownership structure (management ownership, institutional ownership, and public ownership) have a direct effect on firm value, but indirectly do not have an indirect effect on firm value through CSR does not mediate the relationship between management ownership and institutional ownership with firm value. The unique findings of this study indicate that CSR mediates the relationship between public ownership and firm value. Public ownership partially mediates the relationship between firm type and firm value. The implications of this study will be significant for policymakers, corporate management, academics, and investors in considering the adoption and importance of corporate environmental practices.

This study examines the strategic role of job satisfaction in shaping organizational commitment in the context of companies by synthesizing empirical evidence published between 2016 and 2025. Although it has been extensively researched, findings related to the consistency and determinants of the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment are still scattered and have not been integrated, thus requiring comprehensive mapping. Therefore, this study aims to identify empirical patterns, conceptual issues, and theoretical foundations that explain how job satisfaction contributes to the formation of organizational commitment. Using the PRISMA based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, 35 articles were selected through the stages of identification, screening, quality assessment, and thematic synthesis. The review results show that job satisfaction is consistently a major predictor of organizational commitment in various corporate sectors. These findings are consistent with theories such as Social Exchange Theory, Equity Theory, Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, and Job Demands Resources Model, which explain the cognitive and affective mechanisms of commitment formation. In addition, variables such as work environment, job involvement, work life balance, internal CSR, and HR practices were identified as mediators or moderators that strengthen this relationship. This study concludes that increasing job satisfaction is an important strategy for strengthening commitment, reducing turnover intentions, and improving organizational performance. This review contributes to an integrative understanding of empirical developments and theoretical perspectives, and provides recommendations for future research to expand the data base and consider cross-cultural dynamics in organizations.

One of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Sanggaran's CSR initiatives is the community-based turtle conservation program, or Turtle Conservation and Education Center Serangan (TCEC), which focuses on biodiversity and community empowerment. With the help of this program, turtles in Serangan Village that are in danger of going extinct will continue to exist. Serangan Village is a top priority when conducting CSR initiatives in the areas of biodiversity and social empowerment because it is part of the company's operational region. The program's main objective is to raise and care for turtles at TCEC, including feeding hatchlings and turtles, examining turtles' health, monitoring, turtle socialization and education, turtle inhealth training, saving turtles from South Bali's beaches and many more. The Poins of SDGs Goal 4 Quality Education, Goal 8 Decent work and Growth Economic, and Goal 15 Life on Land are achieved in part because to this program. 19 local workers were employed by this program, which earns $200 million annually. In order to carry out its duties and responsibilities, the Conservation Office and Turtle Education has an organizational structure filled by managers from traditional villages. The Turtle Conservation and Education Center was initially founded as a result of a village community movement that has a focus on turtle conservation in collaboration with WWF, BKSDA (Nature Conservation Agency; Indonesia), Udayana University Bali and is under the auspices of the traditional village of Serangan. The TCEC released almost 20,000 baby turtles as part of conservation efforts to ensure their survival. A number of G20 Summit attendees paid TCEC Serangan a visit, which demonstrated how the world acknowledged its struggle with turtle conservation. TCEC Serangan is the recipient of numerous national and international honors, including the Kalpataru (the award given to individuals or groups for their services in preserving the environment in Indonesia).

This study aims to examine the effect of sales growth, profitability, capital structure, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm value in companies listed in the LQ45 index during the 2022–2024 period. This research also intends to provide insights for investors in evaluating the factors that influence firm value as a basis for investment decision-making, including sales growth, profitability, capital structure, CSR, and firm value. The population of this study consists of 45 LQ45 companies, with a sample of 32 companies selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, resulting in 96 total observations. The research results show that sales growth and CSR do not affect firm value. Meanwhile, profitability and capital structure hurt firm value. This study concludes that sales growth has not yet become a strong fundamental signal for investors, as it does not always reflect sustainable performance. High profitability, in fact, has a negative effect on firm value, which may be due to a mismatch between short-term profits and the long-term prospects expected by investors. A high capital structure signals greater financial risk, thereby reducing investor confidence in the company. Meanwhile, CSR has not had a significant impact on firm value, possibly due to low disclosure quality or a lack of investor attention to sustainability issues.

This research analyzes the business licensing process for plywood products at PT Anugerah Albasia Abadi Talun, Blitar Regency. It aims to identify the processes undertaken, the obstacles encountered, and to provide recommendations. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach and the Triple Bottom Line framework, data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The research findings indicate that the company has successfully fulfilled all complex formal licensing requirements, including the Business Identification Number (NIB), Industrial Business License (IUI), Timber Legality Verification Sistem(SVLK) certificate, Environmental Management and Monitoring Efforts (UKL-UPL), and Forest Product Transportation and Trading License (IPHH), demonstrating a commitment to regulatory compliance. Nevertheless, the licensing process is still hampered by the disharmony between the digital Online Single Submission (OSS) system and manual practices, dynamic regulatory changes that are not yet widely disseminated, limited internal human resource capacity, and a lack of harmonization and coordination among government agencies. The Triple Bottom Line analysis reveals that licensing legality supports economic competitiveness and market access, while social aspects are well-established through local job creation and CSR programs. However, environmental management remains administrative and not yet fully performance-based. Therefore, the research recommendations focus on strengthening internal capacity, optimizing the OSS system, developing proactive environmental management, and enhancing continuous community involvement to achieve higher operational efficiency and sustainability

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the banking industry, particularly through the implementation of internet banking and mobile banking services that aim to support financial inclusion. In addition, corporate concern for social aspects through corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending has also become an essential factor in ensuring business sustainability and increasing public trust. This study aims to analyze the effect of internet banking, mobile banking, and CSR expenses on the financial performance of banking institutions. The research population consisted of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2022 period, with a total sample of 55 companies that met the data completeness criteria. The analysis method employed was multiple linear regression to determine the relationship and influence of the independent variables on financial performance as the dependent variable. The results show that internet banking has a significant positive effect on financial performance, indicating that the more optimal the use of internet banking services, the better the financial performance of banks. Similarly, CSR expenses also have a positive effect on financial performance, suggesting that effective and efficient allocation of CSR funds provides benefits not only for society but also for the long-term sustainability of the banks. On the other hand, mobile banking does not have a significant effect on financial performance, implying the need for improving service quality, enhancing technological features, and strengthening digital literacy so that mobile banking can contribute more effectively to banking performance. Therefore, the findings highlight the importance of digital innovation and integrated socio-economic strategies to strengthen the sustainability and competitiveness of the banking sector in Indonesia.

Transmission line reconductoring is one of the strategic solutions to increase the capacity and efficiency of the power system without the need to build new infrastructure. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of two types of conductors, namely ACSR Hawk and ACCC Amsterdam, used in the Suralaya-Cilegon 500 kV SUTET transmission line. The comparison is carried out by considering technical aspects including power losses, ampacity, horizontal and vertical sag values, and overall energy efficiency. The research methodology involved a literature study, collection of conductor technical data, calculation of resistance, current, and power losses, and simulation of sag values against temperature variations. In addition, economic analysis and field implementation aspects were also considered to assess the feasibility of using each conductor. The results show that Amsterdam's ACCC conductor has superior technical performance compared to Hawk's ACSR. ACCC is capable of delivering currents up to ±1300 A, compared to ACSR Hawk which is only ±800 A. The power loss value using ACCC is recorded at ±1.34 MW, lower than ACSR Hawk at ±1.79 MW. In addition, ACCC exhibits smaller sag values due to its lighter weight and higher tensile stress, making it more stable against temperature fluctuations. In terms of energy efficiency, the use of ACCC can save energy up to ±3942 MWh per year. By considering the technical advantages and long-term energy efficiency, this study recommends the use of Amsterdam ACCC as a reconductoring solution for high-voltage transmission lines, especially in systems that have high loads and require maximum reliability and efficiency.