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Briquettes are a type of alternative energy whose raw material source comes from agricultural waste such as coconut shells. Coconut shells are converted into charcoal which has a higher calorific value through the pyrolysis process. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of comparing particle size and printing pressure on the length of burning time and burning temperature, so as to obtain a briquette composition that is durable and produces high temperatures. In this research, the raw material used was shell waste with a drying process of 400°C and the particle size variations used were mesh 30, 150 and 250 mixed with 12 grams of starch adhesive. The briquette molding process uses 3 kg and 5 kg pressure, which are then dried using an oven at a temperature of 750°C for 3 hours. Tests were carried out on burning time, burning temperature, water content and ash content. From the research results, it was found that for the highest temperature, briquettes with a particle size of 250 mesh were produced with a pressure of 5 kg at 312°C, and the flame duration of the briquettes was 240 minutes.

Briquettes are a type of alternative energy whose raw material source Plastic waste is an environmental problem faced by the people of Indonesia and the world. On the other hand, the production of waste generated in various institutions and sectors in Indonesia continues to increase every year, including the industrial sector whose production process is large-scale. Its use as a basic material for packaging bottles reaches 30% of world use. PET is also used as a synthetic fiber or polyester which accounts for 60% of world use. Study the author will do that is to make a tubing made from PET plastic waste that can be used as raw material for tubing. Using temperature variations (190℃, 200℃, 210℃), then 9 samples from each variation will be micro-photographed the effect of temperature on tubing results and tested for maximum tensile. After that, calculations are carried out to obtain the maximum tensile stress and strain values. Then the average maximum load value that can be received by PET tubing is highest at 190ºC temperature tubing has the ability to withstand tensile strength better than all temperature variations so that the average value is 35.94 N/mm2 and 200ºC is able to withstand 35.49 N/mm2 and 210ºC with 18.30 N/mm2. It can be interpreted that the higher the temperature, the effect on holding the tensile strength of the PET tubing and making the plastic structure change so that 210oC is close to the recycling value, while for temperatures below it is still non-recycled.

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) or Community Service Program is a student engagement initiative designed to apply academic knowledge and skills in real-world contexts. The KKN program in Lampuyang Village, Teluk Sampit District, Central Kalimantan, conducted from July 15 to August 29, 2024, focused on converting coconut shell waste into charcoal briquettes. Lampuyang Village possesses significant potential in coconut plantation, but the waste from coconut, such as shells and husks, is often underutilized. This KKN aimed to provide a solution by training the village’s youth in making charcoal briquettes, thereby enhancing their skills and creating new, environmentally friendly business opportunities. Through a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, the program actively involved the community at every stage, from observation, planning, implementation, to evaluation. As a result, the program raised awareness about the economic potential of coconut waste, reduced environmental impacts from open burning, and encouraged the youth to engage in local economic development. This initiative is expected to offer long-term benefits to Lampuyang Village’s community and strengthen the role of students as agents of social change.

Agricultural waste, when managed properly, is not merely production residue but also holds significant economic potential. Margomulyo Village, as a major corn-producing center, has abundant corn waste. To address the waste problem and simultaneously boost the village's economy, the production of corn briquettes is an attractive alternative. Corn briquettes, as a biomass-based alternative fuel, are rich in carbon content and can be utilized as a clean energy source.

The PKK Women's Group in Sambirejo Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency has the potential to produce briquettes from durian peel waste. This is supported by the large amount of waste waste that is wasted. The use of durian peel waste in Sambirejo Village has never been done before. The empowerment activity of the PKK Women's Group in Sambirejo Village aims to provide information, training and assistance regarding how to use durian peel waste into products that have a selling value and can reduce environmental waste. This activity received a positive response from the PKK Women's Movement and Village Apparatus in Sambirejo. From the results of this empowerment activity, the Sambirejo Village PKK Women's Group was able to process and utilize durian peel waste into a product that has a selling value.

The current fuel is still sourced from fossil fuels, namely oil, coal and The current fuel is still sourced from fossil fuels, namely oil, coal and gas, which have many impacts on the environment. As an agricultural country located in the tropics, Indonesia is rich in biomass energy sources. In this research, the use of candlenut shells will be used or processed into alternative fuel, namely briquettes, with the aim of determining the value of combustion time and temperature produced through variations in composition and mesh size. The results of the research show that the effect of the burning temperature has an impact on the burning time of the briquettes and the resulting temperature, where the best burning time and temperature values ​​of the briquettes are produced by a burning temperature of 400°C with a grain size of 100 mesh, namely 177 minutes with an average burning temperature briquettes 193.9°C.

Margomulyo Village has a fairly large area of rice fields, plantations and dry fields where the majority of commodities are rice and corn. The existence of corn chips as a superior product and icon of village MSMEs can be drawn a line that corn cob waste is also wasteful. Briquettes are one of the waste management options where corn cobs contain high carbon materials. So that it can be used as a source of renewable energy for future needs. The purpose of making corn cob briquettes is to minimize waste disposal from corn cobs in Margomulyo Village.

Coffee grounds are waste produced from making coffee drinks, most of which are produced by coffee shops and usually this waste is just thrown away. Careless disposal of coffee grounds waste will certainly cause environmental damage, therefore one of the uses of coffee grounds waste in this research is as briquettes. The main ingredients used are robusta and arabica coffee grounds with mixed variations using the composition of 60% robusta, 40% arabica, 50% robusta 50% arabica and 40% arabica 60% robusta. The theoretical heating value calculation method is carried out through the results of heating water using a variety of briquettes, while the actual heating value is obtained from the results of the bomb calorimeter test. From the calculation and testing results, it was found that the theoretical heating value was identical to the test results, where the highest heating value was obtained in briquettes of the 40% Arabica 60% Robusta variation, amounting to 4919.835 cal/g for theoretical calculations and 4526.85 cal/g for bomb calorimeter test results. The theoretical calculation error rate for each comparative variation is 13.07% for the 60% Arabica 40% Robusta variation, 7.97% for the 50% Arabica 50% Robusta variation, and 8.68% for the 60% Arabica 40% Robusta variation

The main objective of the community service activity is to provide the partners skills on coconut waste processing technology to transform coconut waste into products with economic value. Through this transfer of technology activity, it is expected that new entrepreneurs will emerge. In addition, it is hoped that the targeted partners will be able to transfer their newly-gained skills to the neighboring communities, particularly to the Family Welfare Program (PKK) members and coconut farmer groups in Kohod village, Pakuhaji sub-district. The approaches utilized to solve the existing problems are transfer of technology method (science and technology) and entrepreneurship to generate value-added products. The activities of the Community Service Program are divided into three stages: preparation, implementation, and monitoring. The outputs of this activity are nata de coco, briquettes, and liquid smoke. All participants could follow the activities well. They were very inquisitive about the materials shown by the presenters. Follow-up activities were conducted after the participants partially implemented the knowledge presented by the Community Service Team. The purpose of the follow-up activities is to study the impact of this community service activity. As a follow-up, the participants were required to demonstrate the production process of nata de coco, liquid smoke, and briquettes from coconut shells. It is to ensure that the participants understand each stage in the waste processing of the products. Through the evaluation, it is found that in relation to coconut processing, the participants have shown improvement in their knowledge and skills. They have also realized that there are opportunities to increase their income. Around 85% of the participants responded positively to the knowledge and skills instilled by the Community Service Team.Keywords : nata de coco, liquid smoke, briquettes, coconut shells

CV Harico is a manufacturing company that produces briquetted charcoal final products. In this research, the company had problems with the quality of charcoal briquettes which did not meet standards, amounting to 12% of the production process, including slanted shapes, holes and cracks. In this research, problem solving is done by combining the Six Sigma and TRIZ methods to get suggestions for improvement. The Six Sigma method is an organized and systematic method, Six Sgma has 5 stages, which can be known as the DMAIC phase. Based on the calculation of the DPMO value and the calculation of the sigma value at the measurement stage, the average DPMO value for October 2023-November 2023 was 27219 with a sigma value of 3.43. Based on the identification results using the Fishbone Diagram method and the FMEA method, the largest defects were found in the slanted shape of the charcoal briquettes, these results were obtained from the factor with the highest RPN value that caused defects. Proposed improvements based on the TRIZ method analysis include providing training, carrying out periodic actions, making maintenance schedules, evaluating work processes, changing tools to reduce the occurrence of defects. The aim of this research is to analyze the problems that occur as well as efforts to control quality and reduce product defects in briquetted charcoal products.