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Postpartum discomfort is a nursing problem that is often experienced by mothers in the postpartum period. One of them is caused by breast enggorgement. The symptoms experienced are pain and the mother's breasts harden making it difficult to breastfeed. Breast care intervention for problems of postpartum discomfort ‘caused by breast enggorgement. A case study that aims to describe the application of breast care to clients with nursing problems of postpartum discomfort with breast enggorgement. The number of respondents in this case study research amounted to 2 mothers post second day sectio caesaria surgery. Breast swelling assessment using the Six Point Self-rated Engorgement Scale (SPES) with a score of 1-6. In addition, breast care interventions used standard operating procedures and action observation forms. The results of the case study showed that both patients who performed breast care experienced a decrease in the ix Point Self-rated Engorgement Scale (SPES) score from 4 to 3, with breast criteria still enggogerment but pain level was reduced. Breast milk (ASI) becomes smooth and breastfeeding the baby becomes easier. The implementation of breast care can reduce pain and swelling in the breast.for mother wirh discomfort after birth.

Background: The percentage of coverage for babies aged 0–6 months who receive exclusive breastfeeding at the Gunung Pati Health Centre in Semarang is 70.29%; this figure is still lower than the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Semarang City (71.9%). Providing education using the video method in the context of health education is considered more capable and effective in changing one's knowledge or attitude. The research aims to determine the effect of video media education on the knowledge and attitudes of breastfeeding mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding at the Gunung Pati Community Health Centre, Semarang. Methodology: This quantitative study used a quasi-experimental research design using a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The research was conducted in July 2023. The study population consisted of 53 mothers breastfeeding babies aged 0–3 months, and using the Solin formula, a total sample of 37 respondents was obtained. The intervention was carried out by giving a video (5 minutes in duration) and was carried out two times, 1 week apart. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis (paired sample t test). Results: The average score on knowledge before and after the intervention has increased by 12.38. While the average score on attitudes before and after being given the intervention increased by 19.46, The statistical test showed that the provision of education using video media had an effect on the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.001, namely < 0.05), so that it could be said that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Conclusion: There is an influence of EDO (video media education) on mothers' knowledge and attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding. So that the provision of education using video media is important and useful for breastfeeding mothers to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Breast milk is the perfect and best food for babies, especially babies 0-6 months because it contains the nutritional elements needed for optimal growth and development of babies (Ministry of Health, 2021). Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding for 6 months without giving any drinks or food, including clear water, vitamins and medicine (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020). Exclusive breastfeeding can be given directly or indirectly. Direct breastfeeding is by breastfeeding, while indirect breastfeeding is done by expressing or pumping breast milk, storing it, and then giving it to the baby. Giving breast milk based on the definition above, the mother is said to give exclusive breast milk if the baby is only given breast milk for the age of 0-6 months, while the mother is said to give non-exclusive breast milk if the baby is given other additional food or drink at the age of 0-6 months (Proverawati, 2015). Exclusive breastfeeding with growth in babies aged 7-12 months at the BP Nauli Community Health Center, Kec. Siantar Marihat Pematangsiantar City In 2023, the majority will be given exclusive breast milk with 18 people growing fat, 15 people will not be given exclusive breast milk with a normal body.The results of the Chi-square test show that with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and growth in babies aged 7-12 months at the BP Nauli District Health Center. Siantar Marihat, Pematangsiantar City in 2023. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that out of the 62 respondents, 35 babies were given exclusive breast milk (56.6%) and 27 people were not exclusively breastfed (43.5%). There were 27 mothers who did not give exclusive breast milk to their babies (43.5%). This is due to the mother's lack of knowledge about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and there are also mothers who work so they say they do not give exclusive breast milk to their babies because of the mother's lack of knowledge about expressed breast milk.    

Complementary food for breast milk is the child's second food after breastfeeding. MP-ASI is given to babies who are half a year old or older because breast milk does not meet the child's nutritional needs. MP-ASI feeding must be continuous and varied, starting from fruit, fresh fruit, thick porridge, mashed food, soft food, and finally solid food. The reason for giving MP-ASI at the age of six months is because the child is ready for solid food (Chomaria, 2013). The presentation and arrangement of MP-ASI must be carried out in stages, both in structure and quantity, according to the capacity of the child's stomach. Breast milk only meets the healthy needs of newborn children, but 60% of adult babies 6 years old. Based on the results of bivariate analysis using chi square, the p value = 0.001 (p <0.05) with a confidence level of 95%. This p value statistically shows that there is a relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about complementary foods for breast milk and the provision of complementary foods for babies aged 6-12 months at the BP Nauli Community Health Center, Siantar Marihat District, Pematangsiantar City in 2023 with a p value of 0.001 Providing complementary foods for breast milk , mothers can give food to their babies in stages and provide a variety of foods starting with 1 type of flavor then another, starting with thick porridge, fruit juice, fresh fruit, mashed food, soft food and finally solid food, should be given 3 times a day and Breast milk is still given. According to research results, Widodo (2006) said that in rural communities in Indonesia, the type of MP-ASI that is commonly given to babies before the age of 4 months is 57.3% banana. An initial survey was conducted at the BP Nauli Community Health Center, Siantar Marihat District on mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months. Of the 12 mothers who were interviewed, there were 7 mothers who gave MP-ASI to babies before the age of 6 months, and 5 mothers said that the baby I have been given formula milk since I was born because only a little breast milk comes out. From the results of this background, the author is interested in researching "The relationship between the level of mother's knowledge about complementary foods for breast milk and the provision of complementary foods for breast milk to babies aged 6-12 months at the BP Nauli Community Health Center, Siantar Marihat District, Pematangsiantar City in 2023."    

Mother's milk (ASI) is rich in nutrients and is the key to baby's health. Breast milk is the best food that babies aged 0-6 months need for optimal growth and development, increasing body resistance, protecting against infection, forming a healthy digestive system and increasing intelligence. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between family support and smooth breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers in the Kuta Baro Aceh Besar Community Health Center working area. This research is quantitative with an analytical design using a cross-sectional study method. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months, totaling 139 people, using a sampling technique, namely proportional random sampling, of 58 people. Data analysis used chi square with the research results showing that there was a relationship between family support and smooth breastfeeding with a value of p = 0.011. It is hoped that respondents can use this as input to increase knowledge, understanding and information regarding family support which influences the smooth flow of breastfeeding.

Mortality and morbidity in pregnant women is a serious problem for the world. The causes of maternal death are quite complex problems, which can be classified based on reproductive factors, obstetric complications, health services and economics. The government program, namely early initiation of breastfeeding or breastfeeding after giving birth for the first time, can provide many benefits for babies and mothers so that maternal and infant mortality rates can be reduced with the early initiation of breastfeeding program. This study aims to determine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on stopping post partum bleeding at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Karo Regency. This type of research is quantitative research using a pre-designed experiment with a statistical comparison group approach / control group design only post test, and analyzed using an independent t test. Data collection uses primary and secondary data. The respondents of this research were 16 mothers who gave birth at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Karo Regency The results of this study show that the average number of fourth stage blood deliveries between mothers who were given early breastfeeding initiation and mothers who were not given early breastfeeding initiation was obtained where p=0.000 so p<0.005, then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted ..The conclusion is that there is an effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on stopping post partum bleeding at the Tiganderket District Health Center. Tiganderket, Kab. Karo in 2023

Supervision and care during pregnancy is something that is important to do for the survival of the mother and the baby to be born. Antenatal care (ANC) is a pregnancy examination to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. So that they are able to deal with childbirth, the postpartum period, preparation for breastfeeding and the return of reproductive health in a natural way. This study was conducted to determine the experience of midwives in providing counseling about ante natal care to pregnant women at the Puskesmas in Padangsidimpuan City. The research design is phenomenology. The method of data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling method was used to select participants who met the criteria as participants. Participants involved in this study were midwives who worked at the Puskesmas in Padangsidimpuan City, totaling 3 people. The results of the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the Collaizi method and obtained 5 themes, namely: 1) The motivation of midwives to provide counseling, 2) Obstacles faced by midwives in providing counseling, 3) Strategies to motivate pregnant women to participate in counseling, 4) Responses of pregnant women after receiving counseling , and 5) Support from health institutions for puskesmas activities. Keywords: Midwife, counseling, pregnant women

Exclusive breastfeeding is giving breast milk without other additional food and drinks to babies aged 0-6 months. Coverage of babies receiving exclusive breast milk in 2021 in Indonesia is 56.9%. At the Andongsari Jember Community Health Center in 2021 the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding was 9.2%. This coverage has decreased compared to 2020, amounting to 48.9%. The aim of this research is to determine the determinant factors for exclusive breastfeeding at the Andongsari Community Health Center. The research design used is descriptive. The population used by mothers breastfeeding babies aged 6-24 months was 100 people, the sample was 80 people. The technique used was simple random sampling with a questionnaire measuring instrument. The research results showed that knowledge was good 83.8%, fair 11.2%, less 5%, favorable attitude 55% unfavorable 45%, positive perception 50%, negative 50%, family income below UMK 82.5%, above UMK 17.5%, moderate husband support 68.8% high 31.2%, and the role of health workers supports 68.8%, does not support 31.2%. Almost all mothers have good knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, most have a favorable attitude, half have positive perceptions, almost all have family incomes below the UMK, most have moderate husband support and most of the health workers' roles are supportive. It is recommended that breastfeeding mothers be able to increase and apply their knowledge in exclusive breastfeeding.

One of changes that occur in puerperal ( post- partum is involution . uterus Involution or uterine contraction is a process uterus back into shape before pregnant . Uterine involution can also be regarded as the return of the uterus to its original state or condition before becoming pregnant. There are several factors that affect uterine involution including postpartum gymnastics. early mobility for maternal mothers, Early breastfeeding initiation, nutrition status, psychological age and parity factors. Early initiation of breastfeeding ( Inisiasi Menyusui dini or IMD ) is a breastfeeding process immediately after birth for 1 h. The purpose of research is to study influence of implementation early breastfeeding initiation ( IMD ) on the maternal uterine involution in BPS flora. This type of research is the study cohort analytic design Prospektive. Population and sample in this research is maternal in BPS flora in 2013 with techniques samples is concecutive sampling . The variables studied in this research is dependent and independent variables ,dependent variable studied were uterine involution while independent variables were early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). Quantitative data analysis include univariable and bivariate analysis with using t test. The results showed that average Height of uteri Fundus on day 6 postpartum that give Early Breastfeeding initiation ( IMD ) is 10,54 cm with standard deviation of 1.103 cm while Height of Fundus uteri in mother don;t give IMD is 13.33 with standard deviation 1,129 . based on statistical tests found an average difference both of them is p value of 0.000 with 95 % CI 2.143 to 3.440. There is a significant fundus height difference between mother that give IMD and who does not in BPS Flora . Health workers, particularly midwife are expected to be able to perform delivery assistance with IMD.

Babies get their main nutrition, namely breast milk, through the breastfeeding process. However, in some cases breast milk can be low, one of the reasons is the mother's psychological condition. Mothers who feel unhappy, not calm, not relaxed, this will affect their breast milk. Hypnobreastfeeding is a relaxation technique to help smooth the breastfeeding process, by adding positive affirmations to your mind when you relax. Deep and regular relaxation makes the endocrine system, blood flow and other systems in the body function better because the endorphins produced by the mother will flow to the baby through breast milk and also make the baby feel comfortable and calm. Research objective: to determine the effect of hypnobreastfeeding on the smooth flow of breast milk in postpartum mothers at PMB Soraya Palembang. Method: This research uses a pre-experimental research design (one-group pre-post test design). The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 32 people. Univariate data analysis for homogeneity and bivariate tests used the dependent t test. The results of this study showed that respondents experienced an increase in breast milk production obtained from the pretest and posttest. The results of the dependent t test obtained a Z value of -2.129 and Asymp Sig of 0.001 < 0.005. The conclusion of this research states that there is an influence of the hypnobreastfeeding technique in expressing breast milk to the mother

Exclusive breastfeeding for babies in the first hour after birth and skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby are important factors in the beginning of the breastfeeding process where the baby will stay warm and the baby will get colostrum. However, the number of mothers who have breastfed their children in Indonesia is already high, namely 90%, but those who breastfeed exclusively for 6 months is still low at 20%. nutritional problems for toddlers and low achievement of exclusive breastfeeding as well as deaths under the age of 5, one of the causes of which is the lack of knowledge of mothers about the importance of giving exclusive breast milk, so it is necessary to carry out services aimed at increasing mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in the Kassi-Kassi Health Center Working Area, Makassar City. The methods used in this activity are location survey, problem determination, formation of WhatsApp group classes, counseling and evaluation. The results of this activity. After carrying out online educational activities about exclusive breastfeeding, it was found that the activity increased pregnant women's knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding.

Service quality can be measured by comparing perceptions between the expected service and the service received and felt by the patient. Patient satisfaction is the level of patient feelings after comparing with his expectations. If a patient is satisfied with the value provided by a product or service, it is very likely that they will become a customer for a long time. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between service quality in the registration section and patient satisfaction for pregnant women at the Highlands Assistant Health Center, Highlands District, Binjai City in 2023. The type of research used in this study is analytical with a cross-sectional approach with the research sampling technique being non-probability sampling. or non-random sampling was carried out at PMB Tuti Khairina, Serdang Bedagai Regency with a sample of 32 KF 1 post partum mothers from February to May 2023. The results of the chi-square test obtained a p value = 0.001 (p <0.05). This means that there is The Relationship between Early Initiation and the Smooth Expenditure of Breast Milk in Post Partum KF 1 Mothers in PMB Tuti Khairina Serdang Bedagai Regency in 2023    

BACKGROUND The exact incidence of infertility is not yet known with certainty, it varies greatly depending on geographical conditions, culture and social status of the country. Women who marry at an old age or mature and work actively will greatly affect a woman's fertility. It is estimated that around 2 million new infertile couples appear every year and this number continues to increase. It is estimated that a healthy couple will get fertilized within 1 year (Nuparma, 2017). Infertility data in the world according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and other reports estimates that 8-12% of couples experience infertility problems during their reproductive years. If eight percent of the global population figure is around 60-80 million couples who have not had children. OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors that influence the occurrence of primary infertility in couples of childbearing age at the Pegajahan Community Health Center, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai District in 2023. METHOD chi square test p value < 0.05 means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, the statistical test results show a significant relationship. RESULTS: There is a significant relationship between age, menstrual cycle and no history of PMS and employment with the incidence of infertility and is a risk factor that has a significant influence on the incidence of infertility. Suggestions are given for research and for research sites and for educational institutions regarding exclusive breastfeeding and the implementation of IMD for newborn babies

Background: Sixty percent of all maternal deaths occur during the postpartum period and 45% of these cases occur within the first 24 hours postpartum (WHO, 2018). Steps that can prevent postpartum bleeding management include active third stage, administration of uterotonics and early initiation of breastfeeding. Oxytocin hormone levels will increase in the third stage after separation of the placenta and when early initiation of breastfeeding is carried out because the pituitary gland releases the oxytocin hormone through the baby's stomping, touching and licking of the mother's skin so that it can prevent postpartum bleeding and speed up the expulsion of the placenta naturally. Objective: To determine the effect of early initiation on the number of post-delivery events at the Griya Mazaya midwifery clinic in 2023. Method: The research method uses analytical observational analysis with case control. The research design used a retrospective approach with a sample size of 44 respondents divided into 22 groups of respondents who did IMD and did not do IMD with a data processing test using Mann Whitney. Results: The results of Mann Whitney data processing showed a p value of 0.000, which means p value < sig (0.05) thus proving that there is a difference in the incidence of post-delivery bleeding. Mothers who did IMD had less bleeding than mothers who did not do IMD. Conclusion: Management of early initiation of breastfeeding immediately after the new baby is born can significantly reduce the rate of postpartum hemorrhage.

Background: The postpartum period is a very complex period experienced by a woman, especially for those who have given birth for the first time. The problem that we often encounter in the early postpartum period is the discomfort of mothers breastfeeding their babies because they are bothered by the presence of stitches for mothers who experience perineal lacerations. Objective: to determine the effect of VCO administration on perineal wound healing in postpartum women at Hospital Mother and Child Kasih Fatima Kotamobagu Methods: Quasi experimental design with post-test only with nonequivalent groups with Mann-Whitney test with 34 respondents and divided into 2 groups of cases and controls Results: Based on the statistical test output, it is known that the Asymp Sig (2-tailed) value is 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. Thus it can be said that there is an effect of VCO administration on perineal wounds with perineal wound healing. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving VCO with healing perineal wounds in postpartum women at RSIA Kasih Fatimah Kotamobagu, with this research it is hoped that VCO administration can be applied by health workers for wound healing, especially pernieal wounds.

Background: The birthing process can affect breast milk production because it tends to cause lactogenesis to be slower. This is one of the factors why breast milk is not smooth at the beginning of the birth period. One treatment that can be done to facilitate breast milk production is by consuming Black Seed. Because black seed contains lagtogonum which functions to facilitate breast milk production. Objective: To determine the effect of giving black seed on the smooth production of breast milk in breastfeeding mothers at PMB Bidan Ning, Tawangmangu District. This research method uses a quasi-experimental method with a post test control group design. The research sample used accidental sampling, totaling 30 breastfeeding mothers on days 3-14 after giving birth who were divided into 2 groups, namely 15 control groups and 15 experimental groups. Results: The results of bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney test showed that the results for the black seed experimental group and the control group were p=0.000. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the smoothness of breast milk between those given black seed and those not given black seed in PMB Bidan Ning, Tawangmangu District.

Background: breastfeeding counseling is an effort made by the counselor to the client to help solve a problem that has been experienced by the client without coercion which contains the basics of breastfeeding and knowledge that is very useful for mothers. Objective: To analyze the influence of breastfeeding counseling on the correct way of breastfeeding in post partum mothers. Methodology: Quasi-Experimental research (quasi-experimental). The research design used one-group pretest-posttest, the research was conducted in the Siti Hajar room of RSU Islam Klaten with 30 respondents. The instrument uses a maintenance assessment sheet. The data obtained was then tested for normality using the Shapirro-Wilk test, the data was then processed using the Wilcoxon-Test. Result: the wilcoxon test results showed that the z count was 4.799 greater than the z table, while the p value was 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is an influence between breastfeeding counseling on the correct way of breastfeeding at RSU Islam Klaten.

Giving breast milk to babies is very important to support the baby's growth and development, and breast milk contains the best nutrition for newborn babies and is the only healthy food that babies need in the first month of life. However, not all mothers can provide exclusive breast milk for their babies, this is due to the mother's inability to overcome breastfeeding problems in the early period due to several factors that influence breast milk production including socio-cultural changes, psychological factors, physical factors of the mother, increasing promotion of formula milk, staff factors. health, mother's diet, baby's birth weight, use of contraception. One method of care that can be given to mothers to support smooth breastfeeding is an Oxytocin massage during home care services. The research aims to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers, Bulukumba Regency. The design used in this research was Case Control and the sample in this research was 10 respondents. And the measuring instrument in this research uses a measuring cup. The results showed that breast milk production before the oxytocin massage treatment was 0% smooth and after the oxytocin massage treatment the average increase in breast milk production was 0.4 with the amount of smooth breast milk being 100%. Meanwhile, in the control group there was no increase in breast milk production. The results of the statistical test using the dependent t-test showed that the value was p=0.003, meaning there was a significant difference before the oxytocin massage and after the oxytocin massage. Conclusion There is an effect of Oxytocin Massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers in Bulukumba Regency.

Background: The coverage of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding in Lampung Province in 2020 is 70.1%, which is still below the expected target of 80%. One of the foods that can facilitate the production of breast milk is dates, dates contain galactogogues which are capable of inducing lactation with dopamine pressure, resulting in an increase in prolactin production. Dates contain a hormone similar to the hormone oxytocin, which is a hormone produced by the neurohypophysia so that it stimulates the mammary glands to produce breast milk. Objective: To determine the effect of giving dates on the smooth production of breast milk in postpartum mothers. Methods: This type of research is a Quasy Experiment Design with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design study with a sample of 40 subjects. The instruments used in this study were SOP sheets for giving dates and observation sheets for signs of assessing the smoothness of breastfeeding. The intervention of giving dates was given 7 eggs per day which were consumed for 4 days. Results: All respondents before being given treatment experienced breastfeeding difficulties as many as 20 respondents (100%) and after being given the date palm treatment the respondents were in the smooth category as many as 18 respondents (90%). Conclusion: There is an Effect of Giving Dates on the Smooth Production of Breast Milk for Postpartum Mothers.

Background: The post partum period is the period in the mother which starts from the day of birth up to 6 weeks after birth during this time the mother is obliged to provide breast milk to the baby. WHO data shows that 46% of post partum mothers do not give exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months because of problems with milk insufficiency. The problem of failure to give exclusive breastfeeding to babies that needs attention is because mothers who experience breast milk are not smooth. Efforts that can be made to increase the smoothness of breast milk production can be by oxytocin massage by the husband. Objective: To find out the results of implementing oxytocin massage on the smoothness of breastfeeding in post partum mothers in Kebakkramat District, Karanganyar Regency. Method: This type of research is descriptive in the form of a case study. Results: The smooth expulsion of breast milk before the application of Oxytocin Massage by the husband shows that breast milk is not smooth. The smoothness of breastfeeding after an oxytocin massage by the husband for the two respondents showed smooth breastfeeding. There was a smooth development of ASI during the 3 days of applying oxytocin massage. There was a change in the smoothness of milk production in the two respondents after the application of Oxytocin Massage or Increased Breast Milk. Conclusion: There was a change in the smoothness of breastfeeding before and after the oxytocin massage was performed on the two post partum mother respondents.