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Diabetes Mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disorders due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, characterized by hyperglycemia which is results in long-term microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Oral antidiabetic therapy is the main pharmacological therapy to treat type II diabetes mellitus. This therapy can be oral antidiabetic therapy. Thus, to find out the effectiveness of either combination or single of antidiabetics on diabetes mellitus patients, researchers conducted a studies of inpatients at RSUD Madiun. This study included as non-experimental observational study with a cross-sectional study design at RSUD Madiun. Data were collected from Medical Records in October 2018. The sampling method that used in this study was non probability with purposive sampling technique, so there are 58 patients as a total sample. The results showed that the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective single ADO was Metformin, because Metfomin was able to reduce blood sugar levels with an average length of stay of 6.17 and the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective combination of ADO was Metformin and acarbosa, because Metfomin and acarbosa are able to reduce blood sugar  average length of stay 7 days inpatient.

Background: The world's elderly population reached 13.4% in 2013 and is predicted to increase to 25.3% in 2050. The prevalence of high uric acid levels in the elderly in Indonesia reaches 11.9%, high blood sugar levels reach 35.3. %, and high cholesterol levels as much as 10%. This study aims to determine the level of uric acid, blood sugar and cholesterol in the elderly. Methods: This study used a descriptive analytic design with a cross sectional approach. The research sample used was the elderly aged ? 60 years and over by using the simple random sampling technique in Banjar Dinas Kutuh Kelod, Kerambitan, Tabanan. Data collection was carried out from 7 to 8 June 2020 by means of face-to-face interviews using questionnaire guidelines for respondent characteristics data, and direct examination of uric acid, blood sugar and cholesterol levels using Easy Touch GCU. The data obtained were analyzed using the univariate spss application. Results: Based on univariate analysis, it was found that most of the respondents were 13.2% aged 60 and 69 years, 55.3% were female, 65.8% at the primary education level (SD), and 39.5% worked as farmers. In the bivariate analysis, it was found that most of the respondents or 55.3% had abnormal uric acid levels, 39.5% had abnormal blood sugar levels and 44.7% had abnormal cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Most of the respondents have abnormal uric acid levels while blood sugar and cholesterol are mostly still in the normal category. It is hoped that related parties will continue to carry out screening or early detection, especially in the elderly group, in order to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases (PTM) in the elderly.      

Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. WHO data shows that the incidence of non-communicable diseases in 2004 reached 48 , 30% is slightly higher than the incidence rate of infectious diseases, namely 47.50% [1]. According to the Ministry of Health in 2012 diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths. Some Indonesian people, this disease is better known as diabetes or blood sugar. This research was developed through secondary data processing from the Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset health database which was taken from the Kaggle dataset and can be accessed through https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database. Where the data itself consists of 768 records with several medical predictor variables (Pregnancies, Glucose, Blood Pressure, Skin Thickness, Insulin, BMI, Diabetes Pedigree Function, Age and Outcome). Then the data will be processed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) feature selection to increase the accuracy value and the Naive Bayes algorithm to determine the accuracy results of the diagnosis of diabetes. From the results of research that has been done for the accuracy of the classification algorithm Naive Bayes is 74.61%, while the accuracy of the classification algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization is 77.34% with an accuracy difference of 2.73%. So it can be concluded that the application of the Particle Swarm Optimization technique is able to select attributes in the Naive Bayes Algorithm, and can produce a better level of diabetes diagnosis accuracy than using only the individual method, namely the Naive Bayes algorithm. Keywords: Diabetes, Particle Swarm Optimization, Naive Bayes Algorithm

Diabetes melitus menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia karena terjadi peningkatan setiap tahun. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan obat atau agensi terapi yang efektif dan murah untuk menanggulangi diabetes melitus. Ekstrak kulit terong Belanda mempunyai kandungan antosianin dan betakaroten yang memiliki kemampuan menurunkan kadar gula darah, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai obat tradisional yang efektif dan murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit terong Belanda terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian pre and post test randomized controlled group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus wistar jantan sebanyak 25 ekor  yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu perlakuan dengan aquadest (kontrol negatif), ekstrak kulit terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum) dosis 0,25 ; 0,75 ; 1,25 g/kg BB dan metformin sebagai obat diabetes dengan dosis 18 mg/tikus (kontrol positif). Semua kelompok diinduksi aloksan sampai dengan kadar gula darahnya mencapai ≥ 200 mg/dL lalu diukur kadar gula darah sebagai data pre test. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dan pada hari ke – 14 diukur kadar gula darah sebagai post test. Ekstrak kulit terong Belanda dosis 0,25; 0,75 dan 1,25 g/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar gula darah secara signifikan selama 14 hari akan tetapi belum ada dosis yang memiliki efektifitas yang sebanding dengan metformin dalam penurunan kadar gula darah apabila diberikan selama 14 hari.Kata kunci: Ekstrak kulit terong Belanda, diabetes, tikus, aloksanABSTRACT Diabetes melitus is a health problem in the world because the sufferers increase from year to year. So that it is needed an effective and economical drug or therapeutic agency to cope with the disease. Tamarillo peel extract contains anthocyanin and beta-carotene which are capable to reducing blood sugar levels, so that it can be used as an effective and economical traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the administration of Tamarillo peel extract on decreasing blood sugar levels in male wistar rats induced by alloxan. The research method used a pre and post test randomized controlled group design. This study used 25 male wistar rats divided into 5 treatment groups namely aquadest treatment (negative control), metformin as a diabetes drug with a dose of 18 mg / rat (positive control), and Tamarillo skin extract (Solanum betaceum) dose 0, 25; 0.75; 1.25 g / kg BB. All treatment groups were induced by alloxan until their blood glucose levels reached ≥ 200 mg / dL then measured blood sugar levels as the pre test data. The treatment was given for 14 days and on the 14th day blood sugar levels were measured as a post test. Tamarillo peel extract dose of 0.25; 0.75 and 1.25 g / kg BB can significantly reduce blood glucose levels for 14 days but there is no dose that has an effectiveness comparable to metformin in reducing blood glucose levels if given for 14 days.Keywords: Tamarillo peel extract, diabetes, rats, alloxan