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This research examines the paradox of Christian leader integrity in facing political polarization and group identity in Toraja society. The background of the problem is a contradictive phenomenon where Christian communities strongly emphasize ethical character of leaders, yet strong group identification can blind them to ethical inconsistencies of supported leaders, especially in the dynamics of regional and presidential elections that divide churches. This research aims to analyze the paradox of Christian leader integrity, identify psychological, theological, and sociological factors causing ethical blindness, and formulate leadership principles that can maintain integrity amid political pressure. Using qualitative descriptive methods based on literature study, this research collects data from leadership theology literature, group identity psychology, and empirical studies on political practices in Toraja Christian communities. Research findings show that the integrity paradox manifests in local political dynamics where ethical standards become loose when leaders come from the same identity group. Factors causing ethical blindness include in-group bias and cognitive dissonance (psychological), sacred-secular dualism and permissive interpretation (theological), as well as clan structure and conformity pressure (sociological). The formulated leadership principles include commitment to biblical standards, theology-based political education, transformative prophetic role, accountability systems, contextual leadership, and building mature faith communities. The implication is that this research provides theoretical contributions to the development of contextual leadership theology and practical recommendations for church leaders in navigating the complexity of identity politics. Research recommendations include developing theology-based political education programs in churches, building leadership accountability systems, and further empirical research to validate the conceptual framework that has been built.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication that often occurs in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness in older adults and the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a literature review of 10 journals published between 2022 and 2025. The results of the analysis show that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy globally reaches 35%, with the main risk factors including long duration of diabetes (>5 years), high HbA1c levels (>7%), and poor glycemic control. The majority of cases of diabetic retinopathy are found in the non-proliferative stage (65%), which is characterized by microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages, while the proliferative stage is less common but has a high risk of causing blindness. The study also revealed that patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia tend to experience more severe diabetic retinopathy. Further stages of diabetic retinopathy if not managed properly can cause vision-threatening conditions. However, low patient compliance in metabolic control and eye examination is a major challenge. Management of diabetic retinopathy requires a holistic approach that includes patient education, regular screening, and comprehensive risk factor control to prevent progression of diabetic retinopathy and maintain the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Disturbances in the eyes of the elderly will cause disturbance which have an impact on discomfort and other disturbances in carrying out daily activities. The figure of the elderly is part of family members and community members whose number is increasing in line with the increase in life expectancy. The number of elderly people in Indonesia is increasing rapidly every year, so that Indonesia is expected to experience an “elderly population boom” in the early 2 decades of the 21 century as a result of the baby boom several decades ago. BPS projects that ini 2045 Indonesia will have around 63,31 million elderly or nearly 20 percent of the population. According to UN projections, the percentage of elderly Indonesians will reach 25 percent in 2050 or around 74 million elderly. This community service activity is a form of application in the optics and wave physics course. The purpose of this screening is to find out the description of eye refraction abnormalities and lectures can apply it to the community. The location for the screening was held in the Sei Agul area of  Medan, North Sumatera. The subjects were the ederly and the poor around Medan Barat District who ere suspected of having refractive errors. Screening was carried out using the Snellen Optotype and corrected using a trial lens. The implementation of this community service activity took place smoothly and efficiently. The results of the exmation of the elderly, which were almost large, were that the elderly were not found to have eye defects such as night blindness, cataracts or color blindness. This activity is expected to foster community motivation in carrying out their lives with the glasses provided by the lion clubs and remind them to carry out routine checks before experiencing cataracts.

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 1.5%. Unfortunately, many people overlook regular eye examinations that are crucial for early detection. As age increases, eyes become more susceptible to conditions like cataracts, characterized by clouding of the eye's lens. Addressing this challenge, Google Cloud Run has been implemented to develop a fast, efficient, and scalable cataract detection API. This initiative aims to facilitate easier access for healthcare professionals and the general public. The application is expected to enhance early screening, early detection, and prevention of serious eye conditions such as cataracts, ultimately improving quality of life through more effective prevention and treatment efforts.

This research was conducted at SLB Negeri Keleyan which aims to find out how to provide educational services for children with visual impairments. This type of research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and uses data collection techniques including observation, interviews and documentation. SLB Negeri Keleyan provides various methods to provide the best services for children with special needs, especially for those with visual impairments. One commonly used method is through audio or voice, which helps improve a child's vocabulary. In addition, the curriculum at SLB is not differentiated from public schools, so all subjects are applied as a whole. In learning, teachers use tools such as braille learning media, counting boards and abacus. For object recognition, children are given the opportunity to touch the object they want to be introduced. If the object cannot be touched, the teacher uses words.  

Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and can affect anyone, especially pregnant women and children in developing countries like Indonesia. One of the abundant sources of vitamin A is carrots. However, children often find it difficult to eat vegetables, especially carrots. For this reason, it is necessary to try a way to make children interested and to consume carrots. Students at Setia Budi University were moved to produce effervescent carrot products through the Entrepreneurial Student Group (KMW). KMW is trying to produce food for health, namely carrot effervescet brand Si Orange. KMW Si Orange has tried to produce carrot effervescent. The conclusion of this activity is that KMW Si Orange has succeeded in producing and marketing carrot effervescent products that are practical, delicious and efficacious which have the advantage of being made from carrots and containing provitamin A, in the form of effervescent powder to overcome the problem of vitamin A deficiency.

The Intra Uterin Device (IUD) Family Planning (FP) Program in Indonesia has been declared less successful, in its implementation until now it has experienced obstacles that are felt, among others, there are still many PUS who are not interested in using IUD. Data from the Batam City Health Office in 2018 obtained the use of IUD as much as 3.8%, Implant 5.6% FOM 0.6% and MOM 0.3%. From these data, it was obtained that the use of IUD birth control was still very low compared to Implant.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband support and maternal interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives in the work area of the Bulang Health Center, Batam City.This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional design. The sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling of 64 respondents. The independent variable in this study was husband support, while the dependent variable was the mother's interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives. Data collection of independent and dependent variables using questionnaire measuring instruments. Data processing includes editing, coding, scoring, tabulating. The analysis used is a univariate analysis using a frequency table to describe each variable and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Squere test.The results of the analysis using the Chi Square Test obtained probability values (p value) = 0.001 (p value >0.05).