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The fisheries sector plays an important role in Indonesia’s economy due to its abundant marine resources; however, unsustainable fishing activities have caused damage to marine ecosystems and a decline in biodiversity. To support sustainable fisheries management, the use of environmentally friendly fishing gear is essential. At the Tenau Coastal Fishing Port (PPP Tenau) in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, handline fishing is the most commonly used traditional fishing method among small-scale fishers because it is selective and causes minimal habitat disturbance. This study aims to analyze the environmental friendliness level of handline fishing gear based on the nine criteria of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by FAO in 1995, which include gear selectivity, habitat impact, fisher safety, catch quality, product safety, by- catch, biodiversity impact, capture of protected species, and social acceptance. The research was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026 using a descriptive quantitative method involving 30 handline fishermen selected from a population of 420 using the Slovin formula with a 20% error rate. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using a weighting system based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (2006). The results are expected to show that handline fishing is categorized as environmentally friendly to highly environmentally friendly and can serve as a basis for developing sustainable fisheries management policies in East Nusa Tenggara.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Seagrass beds are coastal ecosystems that have important ecological functions as a provider of habitat, food sources, protection, and reproductive areas for various marine life including Echinoderms. This study aims to analyze the diversity of Echinoderms and their relationship with seagrass distribution in Kiama Beach, Melonguane District, Talaud Islands Regency. The research was conducted in the intertidal zone at three stations using the exploration method with purposive sampling technique. Each station is divided into three plot installation zones measuring 4 × 4 meters, with observations made at low tide. Environmental parameters (temperature and pH), type and number of Echinoderm individuals, and seagrass species were recorded and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and product moment correlations. The results showed that the Echinoderma community consists of two classes and five species: Archaster typicus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novagueniae, Holothuroidea scabra, and Holothuroidea forskali, with the Asteroidea class dominating (75%). The diversity index (H') value was relatively low at all stations with a range of 0.6261–0.6631. Seagrass beds consist of five species, namely Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium, with the highest abundance found in Halophila ovalis. Correlation results showed a strong to very strong relationship between the abundance of Echinoderms and certain seagrass types (r = 0.77–0.99) as well as a strong correlation at the overall level of the station (r = 0.74). This study confirms that the presence and abundance of Echinoderms is greatly influenced by the density and composition of seagrass species. These findings provide important baseline data for the management and conservation of seagrass beds as a support for the sustainability of coastal biodiversity.  

Denpasar is a major fisheries hub in Bali, with Benoa Harbor serving as a docking site for large fishing vessels. The decline in catch volume and annual production has increased the urgency of implementing environmentally friendly fishing and resource management practices. Fishers in Serangan continue to use handline fishing gear, prompting the need for research to assess its environmental friendliness. This study employed a survey method, collecting data through field observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The analysis was conducted based on nine criteria of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) with a sample of 30 respondents. The results show that handline fishing has high selectivity, targets octopus (Octopus sp) as the main catch, and has minimal impact on habitats and biodiversity. The lowest score was recorded in the criterion of minimum discarded catch due to the presence of bycatch such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis), although these species still have market value. The total score obtained was 32.83, placing handline fishing in the highly environmentally friendly category.

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Pematang Kasih Village, Pantai Cermin District, focused on the construction of owl houses (RUBUHA) as an environmentally friendly effort to control rice field rats. The background to this activity was the high level of rat infestation that was detrimental to local farmers' rice harvests and the excessive use of chemical pesticides, which had the potential to negatively impact human health and ecosystem balance. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation in agricultural fields, interviews with farmer groups, and documentation of the owl house construction process. The results showed that the village community responded positively to this program because the use of owls as natural predators was proven to be more effective in controlling the rat pest population while reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. In addition, this program also increased public awareness of the importance of ecologically based pest control and preserving biodiversity. With the owl houses built around rice fields, it is hoped that a sustainable agricultural pattern can be created that supports the welfare of farmers while preserving the environment.

Mining, especially open-pit mining, can have an impact on the environment and biodiversity. PT Semen Baturaja's limestone mining has an impact on the environment. Therefore, reclamation is necessary to restore the disturbed environmental conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria on post-limestone mining soil content and sengon plant growth in polybag media. This study uses an experimental method to observe the effect of treatment application. The treatments applied consist of three bacterial doses: 15 mL, 30 mL, and 45 mL. This study will observe sengon growth with the assistance of bacteria and manure fertilizer using polybag media. The parameters observed include soil pH, plant height, root length, as well as organic carbon (C-Organik), total nitrogen (N-Total), potential phosphorus (P Potensial), potential potassium (K Potensial), and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).  The results of the study indicate that the application of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria can enhance soil nutrient content and support sengon plant growth. Soil nutrient content results show significant improvements in nutrient levels in former limestone mine soil. The best treatment was demonstrated by the 45 mL dose, which exhibited the highest increase in nutrient content.

Shrub vegetation is an important component in the structure of vegetation communities that have a significant ecological role, especially in maintaining soil stability and supporting biodiversity. One area that has the potential for shrub vegetation diversity but has not been scientifically documented is the Jaboi hot spring area, Weh Island, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The purpose of this study was to investigate various types of shrub vegetation found in the study area and to calculate the diversity index. Data collection was carried out using a one-hundred-meter line transect method divided into four paths, with one pair of transects directed towards residential areas and plantation areas, while the remaining two transects were directed towards areas that were still forested. At each transect there were six observation points with a distance between points of 20 meters, each point consisting of three quadrat plots measuring 2 × 2 meters. Analysis of the diversity index used the Shannon-Wiener formula (H’). The results showed that there were 9 shrub species from 7 families with a total of 169 individuals from four observation stations. The Melastomataceae family dominates the shrub community with two main species, Melastoma malabathricum and Memecylon caeruleum. The diversity index value is 2.17, which is included in the moderate category (H = 2–3). This diversity is influenced by the physical-chemical conditions of the environment, such as acidic soil pH (4.4–5.5) and relatively stable temperatures, although temperatures exceeding the optimum limit were found in some locations. This study provides initial data on the potential of shrub vegetation as a basis for ecosystem management and conservation in the area.

Tropical rainforests play a vital role in maintaining global climate stability and supporting the world's biodiversity. This study was conducted in the Elmina Rainforest, Selangor, Malaysia, with the aim of examining the current state of biodiversity and the impact of climate change on rare species. The methods employed included direct observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The findings indicate that anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, pollution, and the effects of climate change have accelerated ecosystem degradation in the Elmina Rainforest. Phenomena such as savannization, pollinator population decline, and phenological disruptions were clearly observed in the field. Although conservation efforts have been initiated, challenges such as limited resources and insufficient community participation remain significant barriers. This study recommends ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation strategies, ex-situ conservation, and active community engagement as key components for the successful preservation of rare species amid climate change. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic and collaborative approach in ensuring the sustainability of urban tropical rainforests.

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that every Indonesian citizen has the right to a clean and healthy living environment. Unsustainable development and exploitation of natural resources have led to a drastic decline in the quality of the living environment in Indonesia. This has resulted in environmental damage, such as pollution and loss of biodiversity. One important instrument in the effort to protect the environment is environmental law, which is regulated by Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning the Protection and Management of the Living Environment (Environmental Protection Law). Although the Environmental Protection Law provides a comprehensive legal framework, law enforcement in the field still faces several issues, such as limited resources and low legal awareness. In such situations, community participation can be strategically utilized to enhance the efficiency of environmental monitoring and law enforcement. The aim of this research is to descriptively examine the function of community participation in environmental law enforcement as regulated by the Environmental Protection Law, as well as to analyze how effective and challenging its implementation is.

The mangrove ecosystem is an ecosystem that has a very high ecological value. This ecosystem can protect the coastline from abrasion, serve as a habitat for various marine biota, and store a vast biodiversity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of the mangrove ecosystem in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District, and to identify the challenges of utilizing the mangrove ecosystem in Bagan Serdang Village, Pantai Labu District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting direct observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research indicate that the mangrove potential in Bagan Serdang Village is quite good; however, the community has not fully understood the benefits of the mangrove forest due to limited knowledge, community awareness, and the lack of training and outreach provided by the local government and related agencies.

Land degradation due to intensive agricultural practices is a serious issue threatening food security and ecosystem balance. Monoculture farming systems often lead to soil fertility decline, increased erosion, and reduced soil biodiversity. As an alternative, agroforestry has been developed to enhance agricultural productivity without compromising soil health. Agroforestry integrates agricultural crops with trees or other woody plants in a mutually beneficial system. Several studies have shown that agroforestry improves soil organic matter content, retains soil moisture, and reduces erosion and nutrient loss. This study employs a literature review method to analyze the effectiveness of agroforestry in improving soil health and agricultural productivity. Agroforestry has been found to enhance agricultural productivity through crop diversification, efficient land use, and climate change mitigation. Diversification not only strengthens food security but also increases farmers’ income by minimizing crop failure risks and enhancing nutritional value. Additionally, agroforestry optimizes land use by improving yield per unit area and reducing environmental degradation through natural resource conservation. Agroforestry also plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by increasing ecosystem resilience, sequestering carbon, and reducing extreme weather impacts. However, the adoption of agroforestry faces challenges, including a lack of farmers’ knowledge, limited policy support, and varying environmental conditions. Addressing these barriers through improved education, supportive policies, and sustainable resource management can accelerate agroforestry adoption. With broader implementation and strong policy support, agroforestry can drive agricultural sustainability and enhance community well-being.

Exploitation of mineral resources through mining activities in Indonesia provides significant economic benefits, but also causes various negative impacts on the environment and socio-economic life of local communities. This study aims to review the impacts of various types of mining activities such as sand, coal, and gold. Common environmental damages include deforestation, soil erosion, water, soil, and air pollution, and decreased biodiversity. Socio-economically, mining increases social conflict, health problems, and changes in people's livelihoods. Effective management efforts include law enforcement against illegal activities, implementation of reclamation and rehabilitation, application of impact mitigation technology, and active involvement of local communities in environmental management. Consistent implementation of policies and mitigation measures is key to achieving a balance between economic benefits and environmental sustainability.

Agricultural microbiology plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector, contributing to global food security. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, have various roles in increasing soil fertility, controlling plant pathogens and supporting biodiversity. This research aims to explore the role of microbiology in supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Through observations of various applications of microorganisms in agriculture, it was found that microorganisms can function as biopesticides, biofertilizers and organic waste processors. The research results show that microorganisms are able to optimize agricultural yields, improve soil health, and reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.

The current study has investigated the morphological identification of some snails ofClass Gastropoda in AL-Diwaniyah City in Iraq. The findings show that there are threefamilies of studied samples, and they are Viviparidae, Thiaridae, and Melanopsidae of thespecies that are Melanoides tuberculata, Bellamya bengalensis and Melanopsis nodosa.More studies should be conducted in this regard, for the fact that normal fauna isimportant in terms of local fauna, and they should be kept under monitoring to avoidspecies extinction.

Indonesia is a country with highly diverse flora, ranking second in the world for its megabiodiversity. Araceae is a group of monocotyledonous Angiosperms characterized by flowers arranged in a spadix surrounded by a spathe, with either unisexual or bisexual inflorescences. This study aims to examine the diversity, distribution patterns, and utilization of Araceae species in the Bumi Sahaja Village Forest, using purposive sampling techniques with station placements based on forest types. The research findings show that there are 668 Araceae individuals, divided into 13 species, with moderate diversity and an even distribution pattern. Schismatoglottis calyptrata has the highest importance value, which is 47.14. In conclusion, 13 species of Araceae have been identified, with moderate diversity at each station, even distribution patterns, and two Araceae species used as ornamental plants, namely Alocasia lauterbachiana and Monstera adansonii.

Plants are eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular and autotrophic. Inventory is an action to collect data regarding biodiversity. The inventory process requires exploration and identification of a plant which includes the name of the type, number of types, size and benefits of the plant type. The plants around Uin Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung consist of several families, among which there are the Asparagaceae, Moraceae and Myrtaceae families. This research was conducted at the Sunan Gunung State Islamic University and aims to determine the types of plants of the Asparagaceae, Myrtaceae and Moraceae families located in that area. This research uses data collection techniques by direct observation in the area. Thus, this research is a descriptive qualitative research type. Based on the results of observations and exploration at Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic University, Bandung, 3 different families have been found, namely Asparagaceae with 4 different species, Myrtaceae with 2 different species and Moraceae with 3 different species.

Indonesia has great potential in horticulture, including floriculture, because it is one of the world's centers of biodiversity. The purpose of this research is to study the marketing strategies used by the Ibal Flower Flower Shop in Medan, North Sumatra, to sell their decorative flower products. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach and collects data through direct observation, interviews and literature study. As a result of this research, Ibal Flower Flower Shop has succeeded in building a business that focuses on high quality products and services. However, to face increasing competition, these businesses must step up their digital marketing campaigns through e-commerce and social media platforms, hold promotional events, and collaborate with plant-loving communities. Supplier diversification, improving packaging quality, optimizing pricing, and effective inventory management are some of the suggestions for product development. Ibal Flower Flower Shop is expected to increase sales and maintain its sustainability in a dynamic market by using creative and effective marketing strategies.  

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of octopus fishing gear use on coral reef ecosystems in Simeulue District. The research was conducted in May 2024, with research methods combining in-depth interviews and field observations. The results show that the use of unsustainable fishing gear, such as nets, contributes to the destruction of coral reefs, which negatively impacts marine biodiversity. Although fishers recognize the importance of ecosystem sustainability, challenges in adopting environmentally friendly practices still exist, including a lack of law enforcement and education. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for collaboration between the government and fishing communities in formulating more effective fisheries resource management policies, as well as the importance of training in sustainable fishing techniques. The study provides recommendations for the implementation of stricter regulations on the use of fishing gear, as well as encouraging active participation of fishers in fisheries resource management.

Invasive plants are plants that can reproduce quickly and can pose a threat to biodiversity. An inventory was carried out to determine the types of invasive plants in the Cipadung Permai complex, Cibiru District, Bandung City. Inventory was carried out using a purposive sampling method combined with area exploration. Recording and identification based on relevant sources is carried out. From the results of observations, 14 species from 12 different families were found. Some of the invasive plants found were used by residents as ornamental plants.