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Lower back pain is a complaint that often occurs in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. Back pain occurs due to changes in pregnancy hormones which increase levels of the hormone relaxin, this affects the flexibility of the ligament tissue which ultimately increases joint mobility in the pelvis and will have an impact on spinal and pelvic instability and cause discomfort. Based on a preliminary study at the Sumarorong Community Health Center, it was found that the number of pregnant women in the second trimester was 72 and 70 in the third trimester in the working area of ​​the Sumarorong Community Health Center, Mamasa Regency. From this data, there were 22 (30%) pregnant women in the second trimester who experienced back pain, and there were 35 (30%) pregnant women in the second trimester. 50%) third trimester pregnant women experience back pain. Researchers are interested in conducting research on the factors that cause lower back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in the work area of ​​the Sumarorong Community Health Center, Mamasa Regency in 2024. The research method used is a cross-sectional study. Conducted at the Sumarorong Community Health Center, Mamasa Regency in July – August 2024. The population in this study was all 138 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters at the Sumarorong Community Health Center with a total sample of 57 pregnant women. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between age, education, occupation and gestational age with back pain with each p value = 0.000.

During pregnancy, a woman must be able to adapt to various physical changes that often occur and can cause uncomfortable conditions, such as back pain which begins to be felt in the second and third trimesters. If this condition is not treated immediately, it can cause anxiety and disruption to the pregnant woman's activities. As a way to reduce complaints of back pain, pregnant women can do prenatal gentle yoga exercises. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. Research method: This research adopted a quantitative design with a Pre-Experimental design, using the One Group Pretest-Posttest method. The sample of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 31 respondents. The sampling method involved Total Sampling and the use of a pain level measuring tool with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test. Research Results: Before carrying out prenatal yoga exercises, the majority of pregnant women felt lower back pain on a mild scale, the number of respondents was 17 (54.8%). After doing prenatal yoga exercises twice in 2 weeks, the majority of pregnant women no longer felt back pain, the number of respondents was 18 pregnant women (58%). The p-value of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test is 0.000.

This study discusses the use of beluntas plants (Pluchea indica) as medicinal plants in Bojong Salam Village, Banyuresmi District, Garut. Ethnobotany investigates the interaction between people and plants, particularly in the context of traditional medicine. The people of Bojong Salam Village have long used beluntas plants as medicine to treat body odor, bad breath, back pain, and vaginal discharge. This study involved interviews with 30 respondents using a purposive sampling method. In data analysis, quantitative and qualitative approaches were used, including calculating the Use Value (UV) and Fidelity Level Index (FIC). The results showed that beluntas leaves had the highest UV value of around 0.5 and FIC of around 50% as a medicine for vaginal discharge, followed by other benefits as a medicine to eliminate body odor, bad breath and back pain. The results showed that beluntas is an important plant in traditional medicine used by the people of Bojong Salam Village.

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that is most often found in work activities (Anggraika et al., n.d.). The Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) reports that the prevalence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in Indonesia is 18%. This figure is based on patient visits from several hospitals, and around 3-17% of all LBP complaints occur in Indonesia (Hasby et al., n.d.). This outreach aims to increase the knowledge of Dinoyo ceramic workers about low back pain. This outreach activity includes explanation of the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, prevention, and exercises for LBP. The method of physiotherapy activities used is providing health promotion outreach and physiotherapy exercises carried out independently regarding low back pain. From the results of observations and interviews, several workers complained of lower back pain. It is hoped that this outreach activity can increase workers' knowledge regarding low back pain. The hope is that all ceramic industry workers in Malang City will gain knowledge and prevention about low back pain.

Bamboo crafts are works of art that have many benefits, such as musical instruments and household utensils. One way to make bamboo crafts is by weaving. The largest craft industry in the city of Trenggalek is the bamboo weaving industry. There are many health problems and work accidents in bamboo weavers such as complaints of low back pain, CTS or work accidents such as cuts, stabs, etc. The purpose of this physiotherapy education is to increase the understanding and knowledge of bamboo weaving craftsmen in order to avoid or resolve problems with the health and safety of workers. This activity shows results, namely that bamboo weaving craftsmen can understand the material well after being evaluated with a pre-test and post-test.

The process of aging in the course of human life is a natural thing. A common problem experienced by elderly people related to physical health is that they are susceptible to various diseases, due to reduced body resistance in dealing with external influences. Low back pain or lower back pain is a feeling of discomfort that can cause various kinds of disorders that can cause health problems in human life. So it is important for people to understand about low back pain. Therefore, there is a need to increase knowledge and understanding at community health centers about low back pain, including signs of symptoms, prevention and treatment for the elderly at Posyandu, Kedungkandang Village. The method used is to provide physiotherapy education in the form of health promotion about low back pain to elderly posyandu participants using posters as an educational medium. Questions and answers to participants to measure effectiveness and provide independent training education. The activity ran smoothly and was easily understood by the elderly at the Posyandu, Kedungkandang Village and could increase participants' knowledge about cases of low back pain.

Nguter is one of the villages in Nguter Subdistrict, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. The geographical location of Nguter Subdistrict is at an altitude of 104 meters above sea level. One of the healthcare facilities in Nguter Village is the Nguter Community Health Center (Puskesmas). From January to July 2024, the number of low back pain cases treated at Nguter Community Health Center reached 285 people. This figure is considered quite hi gh, as it continues to show a significant increase each year. The goal of this program is to provide education on William Flexi Exercise for myogenic low back pain in the elderly, helping alleviate the complaints of lower back pain. The method used involves counseling sessions through lectures and leaflets for the Elderly Posyandu Community in RW 07, Nguter Subdistrict, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. The result of this community service program is that the elderly understood the material provided and are able to perform the exercises independently at home.

Changes in the musculoskeletal system during the third trismester of pregnancy cause changes in body weight, abdominal muscle elasticity, and center of gravity which affect the balance of pregnant women. Back pain in pregnancy can be detrimental to the quality of life of pregnant women and is caused by changes in posture, hyperlordosis, paraspinal muscle tension, and decreased blood flow to the spine. Physiotherapy is a non-pharmacological solution by applying massage and stretching techniques. Massage helps relax muscles, reduce pain, increase blood flow, and improve muscle flexibility. Stretching plays a role in reducing pain, increasing flexibility, muscle strength, and preventing deformity. This activity is carried out by conveying physiotherapy information through leaflets as a promotional medium, pre-test, post-test, and questions to pregnant women to measure knowledge. The results of the activity showed active participation from 12 pregnant women class participants with positive responses to the material presented. Interesting material accompanied by demonstrations of massage and stretching techniques helps increase knowledge of pregnant women. Evaluation before and after the activity showed an increase in knowledge from 5% to 100%, indicating the success of the extension activity.

Lower back pain is pain in the lower back area that is felt down to the buttocks and thighs which is often found in society, especially in housewives. The core is the central part of the body including the pelvis, lower back and hips. Core exercises train the muscles to work in harmony and improve body balance. This study uses leaflet media and direct tutorials to members of the Dharma Wanita Persatuan Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Ambon to overcome lower back pain (Low Back Pain).      

 Mojolaban is one of the sub-districts in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, which has 15 villages. The district has Mojolaban main health center, Jatimalang auxiliary health center and Kustati Clinic. Low back pain (LBP) is a disease that is widely suffered in Sukoharjo Regency, according to the Sukoharjo Regency Health Office, LBP sufferers amounted to 3,670 people from 2018-2022. LBP is one of the health problems that is often not taken seriously by the community, especially the elderly. Even though if left unchecked it can interfere with daily life and reduce quality of life. The purpose of this counseling is to prevent, promote health related to LBP with the target participants of the Matahari Elderly Posyandu located in Ds. Wirun Mojolaban. The measurement used in this activity is a pre-test and post-test questionnaire to measure the understanding of the elderly. The results of the questionnaire showed a good improvement with an average pre test and post test increase of 50%. For this reason, posyandu cadres always follow-up so that the elderly can do this exercise not only during counseling but also at home.

Liver cirrhosis and nephrolithiasis are significant health problems with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Liver cirrhosis, the final stage of chronic liver disease, is characterized by fibrosis and regenerative nodules, leading to severe complications, including portal hypertension and liver failure. Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a common urological condition characterized by the formation of stones in the renal system. Although these conditions are distinct, metabolic and physiological changes in cirrhotic patients may predispose to nephrolithiasis.  It was reported that a man came to the emergency room of RSUD Dr. Suhatman MARS with complaints of left-sided low back pain that had been felt for 1 week. The complaint was accompanied by shortness of breath which was getting worse over time. The patient also felt cough, headache, nausea, fatigue, urine slightly coloured like tea, weight loss. The patient has a history of untreated kidney stones. The patient has a history of hepatitis 31 years ago. The main objective of investigating the coexistence of liver cirrhosis and nephrolithiasis is to understand the relationship between these two conditions and to develop effective management strategies that can address their combined impact on patients.      

Based on the data from Central Java shows that 40% people started from 20 until 65 years old suffered from LBP, estimated 18,2% for men and 13,6% for women. All farmer activities involve the spinal muscles which can caused farmers to suffer from low back pain. One steps to reduce LBP  is apply the William Flexion. Describe the results observations application William Flexion to Farmer with Low Back Pain. This method descriptive analysis and a pain measurement scale with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In this method implemented the William Flexion, measured level Low Back Pain after intervention has been carried out for 6 meetings in 2 weeks. After applying the William Flexion to the respondents, there was a reduction in the level of Low Back Pain. Application William Flexion to farmers with Low Back Pain can reduce level of pain.

Lower back pain is a common complaint among pregnant women in the third trimester. It is estimated that approximately 70% of pregnant women experience some form of back pain during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum. Non-pharmacological therapies such as deep breathing relaxation techniques and effleurage massage therapy can effectively reduce pain levels in these women. This study employs a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental research method and employs purposive sampling with a sample size of 37 participants. Data analysis includes both univariate and bivariate analyses. Most respondents (64.9%) were aged between 20 and 35 years old. Additionally, the majority (64.9%) were experiencing their first pregnancy. All respondents (100%) were confirmed to have no comorbidities. Furthermore, 73% of the participants had tertiary education (Diploma, Bachelor's, Master's, or Doctorate degrees), and 62.2% continued working during pregnancy. The results of the Wilcoxon test indicated a significant effect (p = 0.000 < 0.05), confirming that effleurage massage and deep breathing relaxation techniques effectively reduce lower back pain in pregnant women. This reduction is attributed to the stimulation of tactile fibers in the skin by effleurage massage, which inhibits pain signals. In conclusion, the findings suggest that implementing effleurage massage and deep breathing relaxation techniques is beneficial for alleviating lower back pain in pregnant women. Public health advice advocates for the application of these techniques to manage such pain effectively.

Low back pain is one of the diseases that contributes greatly to disability. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the incidence of low back pain is 619 million people throughout the world and is expected to increase to 843 million cases in 2050. One of the interventions that supports this is Mc Kenzie Exercise therapy to treat lower back pain. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the Mc Kenzie Exercise on the level of lower back pain in batik craftsmen. This research method is a type of Pre-Experimental research with a One-Group Pre Test-Post Test Design. Using a sampling technique in the form of non-probability sampling, namely the purposive sampling method. Sample of 15 batik craftsmen. Mc Kenzie Exercise is done 8x for 4 weeks. Data analysis used was the Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results of this research, before the intervention was carried out, most batik craftsmen experienced moderate pain with a percentage of 46.7%, after the intervention it decreased to mild pain with a percentage of 53.3%, and the Wilcoxon test results showed a p-value of 0.005 < 0.05, which means There is an effect of Mc Kenzie Exercise on reducing lower back pain. The conclusion of this research is that the Mc Kenzie Exercise has the effect of reducing lower back pain in batik craftsmen.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the world. In general, this pain is caused by muscle stretching and increasing age which will cause the intensity of exercise and movement to decrease. This will cause the back and abdominal muscles to become weak. Objective: In this study, to analyze the effect of warm compresses of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District. Method: Using a one group pre test-post test design, this research design is included in the Pre-Experimental research type and the sample size is 56 fishermen using instruments in the form of SOPs and observation sheets. The analysis used is the Willcoxon test. Results: It was found that there was an effect of warm red lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) compresses on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: There is an influence between the pain scale before and after being given a warm compress of red lemongrass (cymbopogon nardus) on reducing the scale of lower back pain in fishermen in Negeri Latuhalat, Nusaniwe District.  

Prolonged sitting habits among university students increase the risk of postural abnormalities such as forward head posture and rounded shoulders, which may lead to low back pain and reduced quality of life. The lack of postural awareness and limited preventive interventions on campuses are pressing issues to address.This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an educational and corrective exercise program consisting of back strengthening and mobility exercises on improving student posture. This study applied a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 30 students with ≥4 hours/day of sitting participated in a 4-week intervention program (3 sessions per week). Measured parameters included Forward Head Posture (FHP), Rounded Shoulder Posture (RSP), and the Postural Awareness Scale (PAS). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The results indicated significant reductions in FHP (mean decrease of 2.30 cm) and RSP (mean decrease of 7.2°), along with a significant increase in PAS scores (mean increase of 15.49 points) with p < 0.01. The program effectively improved both postural alignment and awareness. A combination of postural education and corrective exercises is effective in improving student posture. This intervention is recommended as a preventive and promotive approach to musculoskeletal health in university settings.

Post SC patients will complain of pain in the incision area caused by tearing tissue in the abdominal wall and uterine wall. Back pain or pain in the nape is also a complaint commonly felt by post-SC mothers, it is due to the effects of using epidural anesthesia during surgery. But after the operation is complete and the patient begins to regain consciousness, he will feel pain in the part of the body that undergoes surgery. Sectio caesarea surgery has complications of infection, bleeding, injury to the bladder, The purpose of this study was to determine the Comparison of the Effectiveness of aroma therapy lemon and classical music therapy lullaby Against the Pain Scale in Post Partum Mothers after sectio caesarea surgery in the Babusalam Room of Tugu Ibu Hospital in 2023. Research Design Quasi-experimental method is a research method that in its implementation does not use random assignment (random assignment) but by using existing groups. The population in this study is all postoperative caesarean section patients totaling 150 people from caesarean section data from April to May 2023 at Tugu Ibu Hospital. The sample in this study was 30 people divided into 2 intervention groups, each group consisting of 15 people. This study obtained data that before being given therapy, a comparison of post-test pain in the lemon aromatherapy group and lullaby classical music after caesarean section surgery obtained a p value of 0.000, because p > 0.05 it was concluded that there was a significant difference in pain scale after being given lemon aromatherapy therapy and lullaby classical music, which was more effective lemon aroma therapy. Advice For health workers or nurses can apply the administration of Aroma Therapy and Classical Music Therapy to reduce the Pain Scale in Post Partum Mothers after sectio caesarea surgery

Cyberbullying is bullying using digital technology. This can happen on social media, chat platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones. Meanwhile, according to Think Before Text, cyberbullying is aggressive and purposeful behavior carried out by a group or individual, using electronic media, repeatedly from time to time, against someone who is deemed not to easily resist this action. So, there is a difference in power between the perpetrator and the victim. The difference in strength in this case refers to a perception of physical and mental capacity. The nature of the research used is normative legal research and the data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, namely by conducting research on various literature such as books, laws, with the aim of to look for concepts, or understandings related to the problem of Cyber ​​Bullying Behavior Due to Social Media Which Affects Teenagers. The physical impact of cyberbullying is that teenagers experience headaches, stomach aches, sleep disorders, fatigue, back pain, loss of appetite and digestive problems. Psychologically and emotionally, teenagers feel fear, feelings of terror, anxiety, suffering, sadness, stress and symptoms of depression. School is related to teenagers being less motivated to go to school and a decrease in concentration levels or academic grades. Psychosocially, adolescents have feelings of isolation and loneliness, exclusion and even social rejection. That a personality who is dominant and enjoys violence tends to be temperamental, impulsive, and easily frustrated and often behaves aggressively in adults. Personality characteristics have a fairly high role in a person's tendency to become a perpetrator of cyberbullying. A person with high self-esteem will show himself to have power over others. This is what makes cyberbullying perpetrators show that they are someone who is powerful by bullying weak people.

The research aims to determine the relationship between sitting habits (position and duration) and the occurrence of low back pain in administrative employees at the Regional General Hospital of Prof. Dr. H. M. Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng Regency in 2024. This study employs a quantitative descriptive design with cross-sectional study. A sample of 28 participants from 30 populations based on inclusion criteria using total sampling techniques. Data analysis used the chi-square test (X2) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) with a confidence level of 95%. Based on the analysis, there is a relationship between sitting position and the incidence of low back pain (p= 0.025), the level of relationship is moderate (ρ=0,573), and there is a relationship between sitting duration and the occurrence of low back pain (p= 0.044), the level of relationship is moderate (ρ=0.534). 

Low back pain (LBP) is pain in the lower back, it is not a disease or diagnosis for a disease but is pain that is felt in the area under pressure, varying in the length of time the pain lasts. Management of lower back pain can be done using non-pharmacological methods, namely by applying warm ginger compresses (Zingiber Offcinale). To determine the relationship between the effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. This research uses a quasi-experimental design using a pre and post test approach without control. The sampling technique was a total sampling of 16 respondents. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the ANOVA test. It is known that from the first to the sixth day the P value is obtained (first day: 0.007, second day: 0.000, third day: 0.001, fourth day: 0.000, fifth day: 0.001, sixth day: 0.020) < 0.05. There is an effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. Nurses can consider pain management therapy, one of which is by providing warm ginger water compress therapy and for Low Back Pain sufferers, they can apply warm ginger water compresses to reduce the discomfort of back pain.