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The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Financial Distress, and Altman Z-Score on Dividend Decisions in automotive sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2025 period. This study is motivated by fluctuations in the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) in the automotive sector, which indicates changes in company dividend policy due to economic conditions, financial performance, and non-financial factors that influence management decision-making. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a causal associative research type to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study population consists of automotive sector companies listed on the IDX, while the sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique based on certain criteria. Research data were obtained from annual reports and company financial statements for the 2020–2025 period. Data analysis was carried out using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as a proxy for dividend decisions and statistical testing to determine the effect of CSR, Financial Distress, and Altman Z-Score on company dividend, the data were processed using SPSS.

This study aims to analyze the effect of direct learning on engine components toward students' vehicle diagnostic abilities in vocational education. Employing a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design, the sample consisted of 80 students selected using simple random sampling from a population of 100 students. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. The data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and simple linear regression analysis. The results show that direct learning has a positive and significant effect on students’ vehicle diagnostic abilities, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.264. This indicates that direct learning contributes 26.4% to the improvement of students' diagnostic abilities. The findings emphasize the importance of practical, hands-on learning approaches in vocational education. These approaches not only enhance students' understanding of automotive theory but also improve their diagnostic skills. The study highlights that systematic learning and direct interaction with engine components are key factors in developing students' competencies, making them more effective in real-world vehicle diagnostics.

Work discipline is a crucial element in improving employee performance, particularly in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector such as automotive workshops, which often face managerial and structural challenges. This study aims to explore the understanding, implementation, and influence of work discipline on employee performance at Gandi Jaya Motor Workshop, Jombang, within a local context characterized by religious values and informal work culture. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that work discipline is perceived as a form of personal responsibility driven by leadership example and religious values, rather than by formal systems alone. External factors such as limited infrastructure and the absence of a structured HR evaluation system also affect performance effectiveness. These findings expand the scope of Work Discipline and Employee Performance theories by incorporating social and cultural dimensions as determinants of work behavior. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for a humanistic approach to HR management in MSMEs and recommends further exploration with broader participant coverage and more diverse methodological approaches.

This research focuses on the vocational interest and readiness to enter the workforce of students in the Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO) program at SMK Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between students' vocational interest and their readiness to enter the workforce. This type of research is a descriptive study with a correlational approach. The study involved 64 students enrolled in Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO). The sample size taken for this research was 39 students, selected through stratified random sampling using the Taro Yamane formula. Questionnaires that have been declared valid and reliable were utilized to collect data regarding the students' vocational interest and their readiness to enter the workforce. The data analysis was conducted using the Product Moment correlation formula. The results of the data analysis indicate a positive and significant relationship between vocational interest and the readiness to enter the workforce among Light Automotive Engineering (TKRO) students at SMK Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh, with a correlation coefficient of 0.442 (greater than 0.316) and a significance coefficient of 2.9982 (greater than 2.02269) at a 5% significance level.

The Labor-Intensive Housing Program is one of the Surabaya City Government’s policies aimed at reducing poverty and unemployment through labor-intensive community empowerment. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program (RPK) at the Pitstop business unit in Lidah Kulon Village, Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Surabaya City. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing Van Meter and Van’s policy implementation theory. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data were derived from official documents and relevant publications. The results showed that the implementation of the Pitstop Labor Intensive Housing Program has not yet been optimal. In terms of policy standards and objectives, the program’s goals have been clearly defined but have not yet been fully achieved. Regarding resources, the availability of facilities and funding is adequate, but there are still limitations in human resources, particularly skilled technicians in the automotive repair field. Inter organizational communication has taken place but has not been intensive enough to support business sustainability. Characteristics of the implementing agents indicate that the structure of the Labor-Intensive Housing team has been clearly defined; however, implementation in the field has not been optimal due to weak coordination and communication. Economic, social, and political conditions-such as a less-than-strategic business location and high competition from similar businesses-have also contributed to the low number of customers. Meanwhile, the disposition of the implementers demonstrates a positive attitude in supporting the Labor-Intensive Housing program. The Labor-Intensive Housing Program must be supported by professional mechanics through education, certification, and collaboration with the private sector and training institutions to ensure the quality of services. In addition, building public trust, coordination among stakeholders, and intensive support through monitoring and evaluation are key to the success and sustainability of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program.

This study aims to examine the implementation of animated video media on manual clutch systems to improve students’ learning interest and learning outcomes in the power transmission system material at SMK Muhammadiyah Sadang. This research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting stages. The subjects of the study were 25 students of class XI TKR. The instruments used included lesson plans, learning materials, student interest questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed a significant improvement in both learning interest and learning outcomes after the implementation of animated video media. Students’ learning interest increased from 71% in the initial condition to 80.2% in the second cycle. Meanwhile, learning mastery improved from 36% in the pre-action stage to 72% in the first cycle and reached 84% in the second cycle. The continuous improvement across cycles indicates that the use of animated video media effectively enhances student engagement and academic achievement. Therefore, animated video media can be considered an effective instructional strategy in vocational education, particularly in automotive engineering learning.

This study aims to improve students’ learning activities and learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the fuel injection system material for twelfth-grade Ototronik students. The background of this research is the low level of student participation and learning outcomes in the classroom. This research employed Classroom Action Research with two cycles involving 34 students. Data were collected using observation sheets to measure students’ learning activities and tests to assess learning outcomes. The results showed a significant improvement in both aspects. In the first cycle, 73.52% of students demonstrated active participation, which increased to 97.02% in the second cycle. Meanwhile, students’ average learning outcomes improved from 65.15 in the pre-cycle to 72.20 in the first cycle and reached 77.35 in the second cycle. These findings indicate that the implementation of the PBL model effectively enhances student engagement and academic achievement. Therefore, the PBL model can be used as an alternative teaching strategy to improve learning quality in vocational education, particularly in automotive subjects.  

This study aims to analyze the impact of the increase in Value Added Tax (VAT) and inflation on the sales revenue of PT Astra International Tbk during the 2022–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative approach using multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between VAT, inflation, and sales revenue. Secondary data were obtained from the company’s financial statements, inflation data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), and VAT rate information from the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). The data were analyzed to identify how VAT and inflation influence the company’s revenue. The results indicate that both VAT and inflation have a significant effect on sales revenue, both simultaneously and partially. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.899 shows that 89.9% of the variation in sales revenue is explained by the changes in VAT and inflation rates. These findings suggest that VAT and inflation are important economic factors that should be considered by businesses, especially in the automotive industry, when planning strategies for revenue generation. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the critical need for companies to adapt to changing fiscal policies and macroeconomic conditions to maintain profitability and competitive advantage in a fluctuating economic environment.

The development of automotive technology continuously seeks solutions to improve human mobility and address environmental concerns. This study focuses on the Hydrogen Reactor (HHO) technology as an alternative solution for fuel efficiency and emission reduction, specifically examining the legal protection of consumers utilizing this technology at Bengkel Karya Gemilang. The research aims to analyze the legal framework of consumer protection in the context of new energy-saving technologies and to identify the legal responsibilities of business actors (workshops) and the rights of consumers. Employing a normative legal research method with a case study approach, the study analyzes the implementation of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) in the utilization of HHO reactors. The findings indicate that while the HHO reactor technology offers a potential 5-15% increase in fuel efficiency and CO emission reduction, its implementation introduces new legal challenges, particularly regarding product safety, standardization, and the obligation for periodic servicing. Consumer protection is primarily ensured through the workshop’s obligation to provide clear product explanations, guarantee product safety, and fulfill the periodic service commitment. The study concludes that the existing UUPK provides a sufficient legal basis, but its implementation requires clear and transparent agreements, especially concerning the technical specifications and long-term maintenance of the HHO reactor, to ensure consumer rights are fully protected against potential risks associated with new, non-standardized automotive technologies.

This research is grounded in the growing use of social media as a digital communication tool for companies to strengthen engagement with their audiences, including user communities. The study aims to explain the content management practices of the Instagram account @daihatsuofficialclub, which is managed by the Marketing Support team of PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM). The research focuses on how content is planned, managed, and utilized as part of ADM’s digital communication strategy to build stronger connections with 21 official Daihatsu user communities. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through internship-based observation and interviews with the account management team. The findings show that the content management process applies the AIDA model through visually appealing posts, relevant information, community-centered storytelling, and interactive calls-to-action that encourage member participation. The implementation of the SOME model further supports a structured workflow across the stages of Share, Optimize, Manage, and Engage. Content marketing analysis indicates that the content fulfills key indicators of relevance, accuracy, value, readability, discoverability, and consistency. These results highlight that the management of @daihatsuofficialclub operates effectively, reflects a human-centered communication approach, and aligns with ADM’s digital communication strategy, contributing to stronger engagement, community closeness, and user loyalty.

This study aims to develop learning media for motorcycle hydraulic brake systems through three main aspects. First, it examines the development procedures covering the planning, design, and implementation stages. Second, it evaluates the feasibility of the developed media for Automotive Engineering Education students at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo in terms of effectiveness, ease of use, content relevance, and visual and functional appeal. Third, the study analyzes the effect of the media on improving students’ learning motivation, including learning interest, active participation, and persistence in understanding automotive materials. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving purposively selected students from the Automotive Engineering Education program. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess media feasibility and student responses. Data analysis consisted of a normality test, homogeneity test, and a t-test to identify significant differences between pre- and post-intervention learning outcomes. The results indicate that the developed learning media is feasible and effective, and has a positive impact on students’ learning motivation and learning outcomes at Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo.

The Checksheet process at PT. Automotive component companies are an important activity to maintain quality consistency in the production of automotive components, especially brackets. However, the inspection method that is still carried out manually causes waste of time, high use of paper, and increased operational costs. This study aims to reduce the cycle time of Patrol Check A-T-A, implement a digital (paperless) recording system, and improve process efficiency through the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, Fishbone Diagram, and Why-Why Analysis. The results of the identification of the root of the problem show that the absence of a standardized digital system and the lack of management initiatives are the main causes of the long inspection process and high paper consumption. The implementation of E-Checksheet as a digital solution resulted in a significant reduction in cycle time, from 50 minutes to 10 minutes, as well as eliminating paper use by up to 100%. In addition, workflows become simpler, data is easier to monitor, and processes become more efficient. This study concludes that the digitization of Checksheet is able to increase operational effectiveness, reduce waste, and support continuous improvement in the manufacturing environment.

The automotive industry requires fast and accurate sales services, particularly in vehicle credit simulation processes. At Mazda dealerships, credit simulations are still commonly conducted using conventional tools such as printed installment tables or static PDF documents, which often cause delays and calculation errors. This study aims to design and develop a mobile-based vehicle credit simulation application using the Human-Centered Design (HCD) approach and the Flutter framework. The HCD method was implemented through the inspiration, ideation, and implementation stages to ensure that the application meets the real needs of Mazda sales representatives. The application supports flexible credit calculations based on vehicle on-the-road price, down payment, loan tenor, interest rate, and insurance schemes, including All Risk and combination insurance. Usability testing results show that the proposed application significantly improves calculation speed, accuracy, and overall user experience compared to conventional methods. Therefore, the application effectively supports sales performance, minimizes human error, and enhances professionalism in automotive sales services.

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on student learning outcomes in the Ignition System competency at SMKN 1 Katapang. The background of this study stems from the low understanding of students regarding the ignition system material due to the dominant use of the Teacher-Centered Learning (TCL) model, which tends to make students passive and only memorize concepts without understanding the overall working process. PBL is considered more relevant because it emphasizes real problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and analysis according to constructivist theory. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research subjects consist of two classes of 11th-grade Light Vehicle Engineering students: an experimental group using the PBL model and a control group using TCL, with a total population of 70 students. Data collection was done through pretests and posttests using a validated multiple-choice objective test instrument. Data analysis includes comparing the learning outcome improvements of both groups to determine the effectiveness of PBL. The results show a more significant improvement in learning outcomes in the class using the PBL model compared to the TCL class. This proves that the implementation of PBL is effective in improving analysis skills and diagnostic skills in the ignition system. Therefore, PBL is recommended as a more suitable teaching model for practice-based subjects in vocational schools, especially in automotive electrical competencies.

This study investigates the relationship between design patterns, modular architecture, and the maintainability of distributed real time systems developed using agile practices. Distributed real time systems are critical in various sectors, including telecommunications, healthcare, and automotive, where strict timing constraints and reliability are essential. Agile methodologies, known for their flexibility and iterative development, have been widely applied to software engineering, but their impact on long-term system maintainability, especially in complex real time environments, has been insufficiently explored. This research employs an empirical analysis, combining both quantitative and qualitative data from multiple real time system projects using agile methods. The analysis focuses on the application of design patterns, such as Singleton, Observer, and Factory, and evaluates the effectiveness of modular architectures in enhancing system scalability, flexibility, and long-term sustainability. The study also explores how agile practices contribute to system performance and maintainability, despite challenges related to frequent updates and coordination among distributed teams. Key findings show a positive correlation between the consistent use of design patterns and modularity, which significantly improves the maintainability and adaptability of distributed real time systems. This research also highlights the challenges faced by agile methods in maintaining architectural consistency and managing non-functional requirements, particularly in distributed environments. The results contribute valuable insights into adapting agile practices to meet the specific demands of distributed real time systems, offering recommendations for developers and project managers to incorporate modular architecture and design patterns to enhance long-term system sustainability. Further research is suggested to explore new design patterns and investigate the broader impact of agile methodologies on system quality beyond maintainability.

Motorcycles are one of the main modes of transportation widely used by the Indonesian people due to their practicality, efficiency, and ability to support daily mobility. However, many motorcycle users complain about the suboptimal engine power, especially when the vehicle is used on extreme terrains outside urban areas, such as uphill roads, rocky paths, or long distances. This situation has driven the development of various innovations in the automotive field to improve engine performance. One widely applied method is the oversize technique on the piston and piston block, which aims to increase the combustion chamber capacity, thereby maximizing the power output. This study aims to analyze the significant comparison of engine performance after the application of the oversize method on the KVY engine type, as well as to examine the factors influencing the optimization of engine performance based on the philosophy and needs of the vehicle owner. The testing method used a dynamometer to measure the increase in torque and engine power. The test results showed that the daily oversize application resulted in a torque increase of 1.19 Nm and a power increase of 0.85 Hp compared to the standard condition. Meanwhile, the oversize for competition needs showed more significant improvements, with a torque increase of 7.97 Nm and a power increase of 8.12 Hp. These findings demonstrate that the oversize method can significantly enhance engine performance according to its intended use.

The advancement of automotive technology has accelerated the adoption of renewable‑energy‑based electric vehicles, including the integration of solar panels on electric scooters. Indonesia’s tropical climate provides abundant solar energy potential; however, the limited surface area of scooters often restricts panel placement to the footrest section. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using a 10 mm clear acrylic cover on the performance of a 50 Wp monocrystalline solar panel in an electric scooter battery‑charging system. An experimental method was employed by comparing the panel’s performance under two conditions: without a cover and with the acrylic cover installed. Key parameters observed included voltage, current, and charging power, recorded using a data logger. Tests were conducted for 30 minutes under varying solar radiation intensities. The results indicate that the acrylic cover reduces the panel’s output power, from 55 W to 45 W at a solar radiation intensity of approximately 1100 W/m². These findings suggest that the use of an acrylic cover must be carefully considered to maintain optimal charging system performance.

The advancement of automotive technology has accelerated the adoption of renewable‑energy‑based electric vehicles, including the integration of solar panels on electric scooters. Indonesia’s tropical climate provides abundant solar energy potential; however, the limited surface area of scooters often restricts panel placement to the footrest section. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using a 10 mm clear acrylic cover on the performance of a 50 Wp monocrystalline solar panel in an electric scooter battery‑charging system. An experimental method was employed by comparing the panel’s performance under two conditions: without a cover and with the acrylic cover installed. Key parameters observed included voltage, current, and charging power, recorded using a data logger. Tests were conducted for 30 minutes under varying solar radiation intensities. The results indicate that the acrylic cover reduces the panel’s output power, from 55 W to 45 W at a solar radiation intensity of approximately 1100 W/m². These findings suggest that the use of an acrylic cover must be carefully considered to maintain optimal charging system performance.

This study aims to develop Google Site-based learning media on Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) System Maintenance material for class XI students of Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering (TKRO) at SMK Negeri 1 Padang. The background of this study is based on the problems of learning that is still monotonous, less than optimal use of digital technology in the teaching and learning process, and low motivation and independence of student learning. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4-D development model that includes the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research subjects consisted of two experts, namely media experts and material experts, two subject teachers, and 31 class XI TKRO students. Data collection techniques were carried out through validation questionnaires and practicality questionnaires. The results of the study showed that Google Site-based learning media has a very high level of validity based on the assessment of media experts by 93.33% and material experts by 90.00%. In addition, this media was considered very practical by teachers with a percentage of 94.25% and practical by students with a percentage of 78.2%. Thus, Google Site-based learning media is declared suitable for use as a learning tool to increase learning motivation, student independence, and learning effectiveness in the EFI System Maintenance material in vocational schools.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of product innovation, brand image, after-sales service, experiential marketing, and product quality on purchase intention and its impact on purchasing decisions of Toyota Avanza consumers in Semarang City. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 120 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis employed the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique using AMOS 18 software. The results indicate that all five independent variables—product innovation, brand image, after- sales service, experiential marketing, and product quality—have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Furthermore, purchase intention significantly affects purchasing decisions. Among the tested variables, product quality and product innovation were found to have the greatest influence on purchase intention, followed by brand image, experiential marketing, and after-sales service. These findings suggest that Toyota’s success in maintaining consumer interest and purchasing decisions largely depends on its ability to provide superior product quality, continuous innovation, and memorable customer experiences. The study contributes to marketing management literature by highlighting the integrated role of innovation and experiential marketing in shaping consumer behavior in the automotive sector.