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Futsal is a high-intensity team sport that requires a combination of speed, agility, and physical endurance, particularly cardiorespiratory endurance. Cardiorespiratory endurance is crucial because it directly relates to a player's ability to maintain optimal performance throughout a match, particularly when facing fast-paced and stressful play. Therefore, variables that can influence this ability, such as body composition and nutritional status, are crucial in developing athlete performance. One indicator that can be used to measure nutritional status and body composition is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is obtained by measuring weight and height. BMI not only reflects whether a person is within the ideal weight range but also potentially influences the efficiency of the body's organs, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In the context of futsal, players with a higher BMI tend to have a higher body weight, which can hinder movement efficiency and increase fatigue during matches. Conversely, players with a lower BMI may have insufficient energy reserves and muscle mass to maintain stamina during matches. This study shows a significant negative relationship between BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance in futsal players at Bali International University. The results of statistical tests using the Spearman rank correlation method showed a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.504 with a significance value of p = 0.005. This indicates that the higher a player's BMI, the lower their cardiorespiratory endurance tends to be. These findings support the importance of ideal body weight management in futsal athlete training, both through dietary adjustments and measured physical exercise programs.

Volleyball athletes need an ideal BMI because they must be able to master the basic techniques of the game of volleyball. In addition, some positions also require ideal BMI such as spikers and blockers to support the success of basic techniques. Volleyball is a sport that requires continuous movement over a long period of time, so in this case the maximum oxygen volume (VO₂Max) is very necessary. Based on the description presented, it is very important to know cardiovascular endurance and body mass index profile to be evaluation material and to support achievements. This study aims to examine the body mass index and cardiovascular endurance profile of volleyball extracurricular participants of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Loban. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive type survey. The population in this study is 21 participants taken as a sample. Based on the measurement results, the body mass index of volleyball extracurricular participants was obtained from 14 participants (66.67%) in the ideal weight category. Meanwhile, the cardiovascular endurance of 11 male participants (69%) was included in the very poor category, 5 male participants (31%) in the poor category, and 2 female participants (40%) in the very poor category, 3 female participants (60%) in the poor category. From the data that has been obtained, it can be concluded that the body mass index is classified as the ideal weight category while cardiovascular endurance is classified as very lacking.

This study aims to determine the profile of cardiorespiratory endurance among male futsal athletes participating in Pra PON SULUT 2023, as well as to analyze the variability in their cardiovascular performance. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, involving 35 athletes selected through total sampling. Measurements were conducted using the bleep test to assess cardiorespiratory endurance. The results indicate that 75% of the athletes fall within the "good" to "very good" categories, while the remaining athletes are classified from "adequate" to "poor." These findings suggest that the majority of the athletes have achieved optimal levels of endurance; however, significant individual differences exist, likely influenced by initial physical condition and training intensity. The results of this study align with the theories of Depdiknas (2010) and Pekik (2004), which emphasize the importance of respiratory and circulatory efficiency in supporting athletic performance, and support Husein Argasmita’s (2007) view that the variability in cardiorespiratory endurance requires special attention in athlete development. This study is expected to serve as a basis for designing more focused and individualized training programs to enhance the performance of futsal athletes in future competitions.

This study evaluated the effect of interval training on improving cardiovascular endurance in young athletes. A total of 30 athletes aged 15-18 years participated in an interval training program for 8 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in aerobic capacity and cardiac efficiency compared to the control group that underwent conventional exercise. This study recommends interval training as an effective strategy in improving the physical endurance of young athletes.