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This article aims to analyze the representation of the journalist profession in the novel Bulan Terbelah di Langit Amerika by Hanum Salsabiela Rais and Rangga Almahendra. Through Alfred Schutzl's representation theory approach, this study explores how the journalist profession is depicted in facing ethical, social, and professional challenges. The main focus of this study is on the character of Hanum who struggles to find sources, compose articles with sensitive themes, and face moral dilemmas amidst the issue of Islamophobia after the 9/11 tragedy. This study uses a qualitative method with text analysis to reveal the journalism process that Hanum undergoes as a reflection of the dynamics of the profession in the real world. The findings show that the journalist profession is depicted as a job that requires integrity, courage, and the ability to bridge different perspectives in stressful situations. This article is expected to provide insight into how literary works can represent the journalist profession and inspire further discussion on the role of journalism in shaping public perception.

Lutung Kasarung is a folk tale from West Java that can be famous among the public. This story tells about a handsome prince named Sanghyang Guruminda who was punished by being thrown to earth for making a mistake in the form of a lutung. Sanghyang Guruminda got lost in a forest so he was named Lutung Kasarung. In Sundanese Lutung Kasarung means lost Lutung. The popularity of Lutung Kasarung makes the other two characters, namely Purbasari and Purbararang, look like side characters, in fact, these siblings characters play an important role in the development of the storyline. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements contained in the Lutung Kasarung folklore. The formulation of this story problem includes: How is the journey of lutung kasarung to return to its original form? How is the plot of the lutung kasarung folk story? What mandate can be taken from the folk tale of lutung kasarung?. The research methods used are qualitative methods and Library Studies. Data sources are collected through literature studies that use various literature sources, including articles, journals, and websites that discuss Lutung Kasarung folklore. The analysis used is literary theory according to Meyer Howard Abrams, which is objective theory. An objective approach looks at the work of an autonomous object. It means, literary works can stand alone without involving things that are outside the work such as politics, economy, and others. Therefore, the focus of the objective approach is the work itself. The research results in this story show loyalty and sacrifice in the character of Lutung Kasarung, the characters in this story describe honor and strong inner strength with the outside world. The recommendation from this research is the need for further study development because it is still less related to the symbolism in this folklore, as well as efforts to preserve in folklore as part of cultural identity that can educate the younger generation to still preserve the noble values of our ancestors.

The COVID-19 pandemic marked a significant turning point in the global church's approachto mission and ministry, particularly through the adoption of digital spaces. The rapid shift to digitalplatforms was not merely a practical adaptation but reflected a deeper transformation in how thechurch understands presence, community, and engagement in the world. This article aims to examinehow evangelism and discipleship practices have evolved in digital forms in the post-pandemic context,and to explore the theological and ethical implications of "digital presence" within contemporarymissiology. Using a practical theology approach, this study employs literature analysis, theologicalreflection, and case studies from digital church practices as its primary methods. The main findingsreveal that evangelism has shifted towards creative digital content targeting digital-native generations,while discipleship is increasingly practiced through online communities and digital spirituality. At thesame time, the study identifies key issues such as the validity of digital sacraments, the risk of faithcommodification, and the challenge of fostering authentic relationships in virtual spaces. This articlesynthesizes the idea that digital mission represents a new form of incarnational ministry in the digitalage, calling for a hybrid ecclesiology that integrates both physical and digital presence. In conclusion,digital mission is not simply a crisis response to the pandemic but a long-term theological and strategictransformation in how the church participates as the Body of Christ in a digitally connected world.

The settlement of carok as part of Madurese society is very important to analyze. This study aims to determine the social impact on the families of carok perpetrators in the perspective of criminology. The second objective is to determine the role of community leaders and the police in minimizing threats and taking preventive action against the families of carok perpetrators in Madura. The research method used in this research is the type of empirical legal research. The results showed that: First, from a criminological perspective, carok can be categorized as a crime. Carok in this case can be subject to articles of the Criminal Code related to crimes against the body and crimes against life. According to labeling theory, families of carok perpetrators are usually labeled by the community as families of criminals who are usually dubbed as “Kaloarga Tokang Carok”. Second, Kiai in carok cases plays a role in reconciliation and mediation efforts between the families of carok perpetrators and the families of carok victims to minimize threats to the families of carok perpetrators. The Sampang Police, among others, conducted counseling with the perpetrator's family and collaborated with community leaders.

The crime of murder is a crime that can cause the death of a person, this is committed individually and violates the applicable provisions of the Criminal Code Book II Chapter XIX (articles 338-350). Basically, murder is carried out with an element of intent. Deliberation is a subjective element in a criminal act, because this element is inherent in the subject or perpetrator of the crime. This means wanting or knowing what will be done. Therefore, in murder there must be evidence in order to determine whether a person is guilty or not in committing the crime of murder by collecting legal evidence according to the applicable law. Furthermore, the method used in this case is a normative juridical approach, which is carried out through literature books, journals, articles, as well as statutory regulations related to the problem to be discussed. Legal considerations in imposing a sentence on the perpetrator of the crime of intentional murder, because the circumstances were aggravating and the defendant caused the victim to die and the defendant's actions disturbed the community. Thus, the punishment given by the state is solely to change the perpetrator to become better, and at the same time provide education to improve themselves.

This study examines the impact of government policies on social trauma healing and post-conflict social integration in Ambon, focusing on interfaith community relations and policies implemented following the Malino II Agreement. The objective of this research is to explore the effectiveness of reconciliation policies in reducing sectarian tensions and supporting the recovery of social trauma. The study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach, utilizing a literature review of relevant sources, including books and articles on related policies. The findings indicate that reconciliation policies involving interfaith dialogue and engagement with local leaders have been effective in mitigating sectarian tensions and fostering social trauma recovery. However, while these policies have shown short-term effectiveness, challenges persist in ensuring their sustainability and implementation, particularly regarding social inclusivity. Additionally, the role of local religious leaders and religious institutions is crucial in creating spaces for dialogue and strengthening social cohesion, while religious education and local cultural practices also contribute to social integration. This study suggests that community-based approaches and inclusive policies that engage various societal elements are essential for achieving sustainable social peace.

Knowledge about sexual harassment committed by males with intellectual disabilities remains limited, despite extensive research on offenders without disabilities. Evidence from the late 1990s suggests that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be effective for this population, with adjustments for cognitive deficits. This study systematically reviews the application of CBT to address cognitive distortions in sexual offenders with intellectual disabilities. Data were sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Jstor, and Emerald Insight. Articles were assessed using QATFQS for quality and ROBINS-I for bias risk. Six studies involving 127 participants (ages 17–65 years) demonstrated that CBT effectively reduced cognitive distortions up to 12 months post-intervention. Success factors included the presentation of information, therapist engagement, participant motivation, prior experiences of sexual harassment, and autism spectrum diagnoses. Strengths included simplified CBT interventions, availability of manuals, and group implementation. Weaknesses involved reliance on core steps adapted from general sexual offender programs, limited manual accessibility, and a lack of control groups for evaluating intervention effectiveness.

Ijtihad Bahtsul Masail Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in the field of economics, which seeks to answer contemporary challenges while remaining rooted in the tradition of Islamic knowledge. NU's approach prioritizes the continuity of the transmission of Islamic knowledge through a legitimate and trusted chain, using classical fiqh books, especially the Shafi'i school of thought. The purpose of this study is to understand the relevance and effectiveness of collective ijtihad carried out by NU in answering modern economic issues such as Islamic banking, investment, e-commerce, and digital payment systems. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing literature related to classical fiqh books, journals, and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that Bahtsul Masail NU has made a significant contribution to developing Islamic economic law that is relevant to the development of the times. LBM NU not only answers contemporary issues, such as online investment and e-commerce, but also plays a role in forming sharia-based economic policies implemented by the community. However, this study also notes challenges, such as maintaining the consistency of the ijtihad method and answering complex issues without sacrificing the basic principles of sharia.

This research aims to instill and strengthen the spirit of democracy and nationalism in every student. When they have the spirit of democracy and nationalism, their love for the nation and enthusiasm for fighting for this nation will be strong and great. One effort to instill a spirit of democracy and nationalism in the next generation is by learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The type of method used in this article is a literature review. The writing of this literature review adopts national articles published on various journal provider platforms on a national scale which discuss the importance of increasing democratic values ​​and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The results of the research show that increasing democratic values ​​and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education shows a positive direction. This means that students who have received Pancasila and citizenship education material have experienced a good improvement in their democratic attitudes and nationalist feelings. This learning is implemented in Indonesia with the aim of forming students into individuals who have strong character and are based on the values ​​of Pancasila, who have faith and devotion to God Almighty, have global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. Apart from that, through Pancasila and citizenship education we are present to provide in-depth understanding from teachers about the essence of Pancasila and the urgency of citizenship education.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

This study aims to analyze the role of study tour activities to the Heroes Museum in strengthening students' national defense attitudes. In the digital era, many young generations lack awareness of national values ​​and the history of the nation's struggle. This is indicated by the low appreciation of the services of the heroes. The Heroes Museum as a historical education space has strategic potential in instilling patriotic values ​​through direct experience. Using the literature study method, this study collected data from books and scientific articles. The results show that experience-based activities, such as museum visits, are effective in increasing students' understanding of history, heroic values, and nationalism. In addition, museum visits can build students' character, such as a sense of responsibility, discipline, and love for the country. This study concludes that a study tour to the Heroes Museum not only enriches students' historical insights, but also instills moral values ​​and builds national identity in depth.

The era of globalization requires organizations to increase competitiveness through the improvement of human resources (HR). The factor of increasing human resources is job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is an important element needed by employees, so position analysis is one of the determinants of job satisfaction. This study aims to find out the relationship between job analysis and employee job satisfaction. Used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to review 10 relevant scientific articles and journals from the last five years. The results of the study show that job title analysis has a significant influence on job satisfaction. The placement of employees according to their competencies increases work comfort and productivity. In addition, job satisfaction is also influenced by other factors, such as organizational culture, training, and leadership style. This research provides insight for organizations in managing human resources, especially through the application of effective position analysis.

Inappropriate learning models and lack of student interest and attention to physics learning result in unsatisfactory learning outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine how the effect of Cooperative Learning model type Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) on student learning outcomes. The research method used is meta-analysis, data collection for this research by reviewing and browsing online articles. The results of the study found that the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type Cooperative learning model obtained an overall average effect size of 1.61, which means that the STAD type Cooperative learning model can influence student learning outcomes in Physics subjects. Learning material that is very influential in the application of the STAD type is Circular Motion as seen from the effect size value which is in the high category with a value of 8.81. The grade level that obtained a high category in applying the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type learning model was SMK class X with an effect size value of 2.2.

Corruption is one of the biggest problems that hinders Indonesia's progress, even though this country uses Pancasila as the basis of the state. Pancasila should be a moral guideline in every aspect of national and state life, including in preventing corruption. This study aims to analyze the causes of corruption in Indonesia in various professions, as well as to examine the relationship between the application of Pancasila values and corrupt practices in this country. The study uses a library method by analyzing 47 articles and journals from 2020-2024. The research findings show that the main causes of corruption in Indonesia include weak law enforcement, a deep-rooted culture of corruption, inability to manage power, and socio-economic disparities.  

The strategy of fostering church members is an effort aimed at building faith, congregational character, and congregational involvement in spiritual life and service. The main goal of the church member development strategy is to create a community environment that is deeply rooted in Christian values, able to face challenges today, and relevant in social contribution. In this strategy, of course, the church has an important role in carrying out faith development through PA, prayer and empowerment in service and social in this development, a step is needed so that this development can run well and is expected to be able to form a congregation that supports each other, becomes a witness of Christ in the midst of society and is able to collaborate with each other to realize a life that has an impact on others. For that, the purpose of writing this article is to inform how the right strategy is in development and to fulfill group assignments in the church member development course with qualitative methods through ebooks, articles and sharing sources obtained and implying them in everyday life.

This study explores the implementation of the Jigsaw method, a cooperative learning strategy, in a junior high school setting and its impact on student motivation. The aim is to investigate how the Jigsaw method affects students’ motivation to learn, especially in the context of science learning. Active student participation in the learning process is emphasized in the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method. A literature review is the research methodology used, with an emphasis on sources released in the last ten years to ensure validity and relevance. Articles, books, dissertations, and research reports discussing the Jigsaw approach and its impact on junior high school students’ motivation are good places to find these sources. The findings indicate that the Jigsaw method significantly increases student engagement and motivation. Students are divided into diverse groups where each member learns a specific section of the material, the Jigsaw method encourages collaboration and peer teaching, which are essential for developing social skills and a sense of responsibility among students. This confirms that the Jigsaw method is a viable strategy for improving student motivation and learning outcomes in a junior high school setting.  

Education plays an important role in building a generation that is intelligent, virtuous, and capable of facing the challenges of the times. However, education cannot be separated from social and cultural factors, where social and cultural conditions themselves have an impact on education. One such case occurred during the colonial era, when the colonial government had a significant influence in shaping the educational system in Indonesia at that time. Education was essentially divided into two: formal school education, which focused only on worldly knowledge, and education in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), which taught only religious knowledge. Due to this situation, K.H. Ahmad Dahlan was moved to reform Islamic education. This research aims to explore K.H. Ahmad Dahlan's thoughts on education and to understand his efforts in the process of reforming Islamic education. The research uses a literature study method, where data is obtained from writings such as books, journal articles, and other supporting texts related to the issue. The results of the study show that K.H. Ahmad Dahlan had his own educational philosophy, in which religious knowledge and worldly knowledge were seen as an integrated whole. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan’s struggle can be seen from his efforts to establish a school that integrated both religious and worldly knowledge. His contribution to educational reform is still felt today, as educational institutions under Muhammadiyah have spread across Indonesia. Muhammadiyah itself is an organization founded by K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, which serves as a platform or means for his struggle.

Code-switching and code-mixing are common in various types of media, such as movies, TV shows, books, and articles. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine and describe data on code-switching and code-mixing. By using this approach, the researcher can provide a detailed description of how this linguistic phenomenon occurs in the context of the movie. The researcher collected data by watching and listening to the movie Turah and taking notes. This allowed the researcher to record the form of code-switching and code-mixing. The purpose of this study is to describe how the form of code-switching and code-mixing, as well as the factors that can cause the occurrence of code-switching and code-mixing

The rampant corruption that continues to be demonstrated by public officials makes it seem as if the law has run out of ways to overcome it. And corruption is a type of crime that is only committed by people who have high intellectual capacity and ability. They continue to try how to avoid corruption crimes, so one of the methods they use is the pattern of giving gifts which is actually intended as a form of bribery. This study analyzes the concept of bribery and gratification and the parameters that differentiate between the two as regulated in several Articles of the Corruption Eradication Law. This involves the application of normative legal research supported by court decisions to clarify the differences. The results of this study indicate that bribery requires a meeting of minds between the bribe giver and the bribe recipient which is not found in the decision . The reporting mechanism and reversal of the burden of proof do not apply to bribery while the sting operation does not apply to gratification because it cannot meet the provisions of Article 1 number 19 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Criminal sanctions are also imposed on both the giver and the recipient of the bribe, while the act of the giver of gratification is not a criminal act. Keywords: reversal of burden of proof, caught red-handed, reporting mechanism .

This article aims to provide insight and understanding that entrepreneurial activities also require skills and expertise. Entrepreneurial activities apart from financial capital also require human capital and motivational capital. All of this capital must be present in an individual which is reflected through the character inherent in the person. These characters can actually be the values ​​and norms that Indonesian society has had since ancient times. This research uses the library research method, which involves collecting data sourced from journals and articles. The data collected is then analyzed to understand concepts and theories about basic human capital and entrepreneurial competency provisions that are relevant to the research problem.