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This study aims to improve the performance of roadside supervision services for Baggage Towing Tractor (BTT) movements at Kualanamu International Airport, Deli Serdang. The research background is based on the high level of operational risk on the airside, which requires strict supervision of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) vehicles. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and field documentation. The results of the study indicate that violations of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) such as excessive speeding, inappropriate lane use, and compliance with procedures are still common. The main causes include lack of training, weak monitoring systems, and low awareness of safety culture. From the results of the observation, it was found that supervision is still manual and not optimally supported by monitoring technology such as CCTV with a real-time integration system. In addition, the number of supervisory personnel is also not able to cover the entire service area of the road which is quite extensive, especially during peak operating hours. The lack of a firm reward and punishment system also contributes to the low discipline of BTT drivers. Interviews with several BTT operators showed that they have not received regular safety training, and most do not understand the importance of complying with established signs or markings. Therefore, it is recommended that airport authorities implement a monitoring system through the use of sensor-based technology and GPS tracking, as well as increase the intensity of occupational safety training. Furthermore, a dedicated unit should be established to continuously monitor GSE movements and integrate a digital reporting system to ensure prompt action on violations. Improving safety culture can also be achieved through internal campaigns and ongoing outreach.

This research is motivated by the high intensity of activity in the apron area, the limited number of personnel, and the implementation of a shift work system in the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. These conditions have the potential to cause excessive workloads for personnel, which can impact the effectiveness of operational supervision and disrupt their physical and mental health. The main objective of this study is to analyze the workload of AMC personnel and determine the ideal number of workers to ensure optimal supervision in the apron area. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct observation and the distribution of questionnaires to all personnel activities in the AMC unit. Data analysis used the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method to calculate the total actual working time required, and compared it with the standard full-time working hours according to employment regulations. The results showed that the workload of AMC personnel is quite high. Of the seven personnel analyzed, two people obtained an FTE value above 1.28, indicating an overload condition, four people were in the FTE range of 1.00 to 1.28, which is considered normal, and one person had an FTE value below 1.00, indicating an underload condition. These findings indicate an imbalance in the distribution of workload among personnel. As a result, some personnel must perform multiple tasks simultaneously, potentially compromising the quality of oversight and operational safety in the apron area. Based on these findings, a re-evaluation of the division of tasks and workforce within the AMC unit is recommended to create a proportional workload and support optimal safety and operational performance at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

This study aims to identify various types of hazards found in the Apron of Juanda International Airport Surabaya and analyze their impact on flight operational safety. The apron is a vital area in aviation activities because it is a parking lot for aircraft, the process of boarding and dropping passengers, loading and unloading cargo, and light maintenance activities. The existence of potential hazards in this area can have a direct effect on flight safety if not handled properly. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews with apron officers, and documentation during the implementation of On The Job Training. The data obtained is then analyzed to identify potential hazards and evaluate the level of risk. The results of the study show that there are still hazard findings in the apron area, including Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in the form of foreign objects that have the potential to damage aircraft engines, oil or fuel spills that can cause fires, the presence of wild animals in the aircraft movement area, Ground Support Equipment (GSE) that is parked out of place so as to interfere with aircraft movement, and marshalls who do not use Complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).  This problem is caused by the weak supervision of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit and the low awareness of personnel in implementing a work safety culture. Based on these findings, the author prepared mitigation measures in accordance with the guidelines of Doc 9859 AN/474 concerning the Safety Management Manual, including increasing supervision, enforcing safety standards, and periodic training for all apron personnel. It is hoped that the results of this study can be an evaluation reference for airport management to strengthen the supervision system, reduce the risk of accidents in the apron area, and build a better and sustainable work safety culture.

Hang Nadim International Airport in Batam is a growing air transportation hub, driven by increasing public mobility and aviation activity. Ground handling services in the airside area are crucial, particularly for buses transporting passengers to and from aircraft. However, several issues persist, such as late pick-ups, unsafe bus conditions, and frequent technical disruptions. This study aims to identify the role of PT Lion Group bus drivers in supporting ground handling services and analyze the impact of bus breakdowns on driver performance at the airport. The method used was descriptive qualitative, using observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with drivers, technicians, and Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers to obtain data on technical challenges and operational coordination. Observations were conducted during On-the-Job Training (OJT), and documentation was used to support the validity of the data. The results indicate that bus drivers play a crucial role in ensuring smooth ground handling services, but are frequently hampered by technical breakdowns, such as engine and braking system problems, which impact passenger comfort and On-Time Performance (OTP). Recommendations include improving bus maintenance, providing a backup fleet, and providing technical training for drivers to improve service effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze hazard identification in order to improve operational safety aspects in the service road area of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. This area is a vital part of the airside that has a high level of activity and complex safety risks, thus requiring special attention to potential hazards that may arise. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through direct observation in the field, in-depth interviews with related personnel, and documentation studies relevant to the airport's safety system and operational procedures. The results of the study indicate that there are still significant potential safety risks in the service road area. Some key findings include haphazard parking practices by Ground Support Equipment (GSE), undisciplined behavior of ground handling personnel, and passenger movement in the operational area without adequate officer supervision. These problems are largely caused by weak supervision from the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit, as well as the low level of understanding and implementation of safety culture among field workers. Through the process of identifying and assessing risks using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) approach, researchers succeeded in mapping the severity of risks and developing appropriate mitigation measures, such as regulating GSE parking procedures, improving safety training, and adding supervisory personnel at vulnerable points. It is hoped that the findings of this study can be a basis for consideration for the management of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali, in formulating policies and strategies for improving operational safety as a whole, especially in implementing a more effective and sustainable Safety Management Sistem (SMS).  

Supadio Airport in Pontianak is a major air transport gateway in West Kalimantan, heavily reliant on aviobridge facilities to support passenger comfort and operational efficiency. However, the implementation of aviobridge operating procedures by Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers often faces challenges, such as procedural inconsistencies and technical obstacles. This study aims to analyze the compliance of AMC officers with standard operating procedures (SOP) for aviobridge usage and to identify the challenges encountered in its operation at Supadio Airport, Pontianak. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with AMC officers, and documentation studies related to SOP and aviobridge operational reports. Data analysis was conducted systematically to evaluate procedural implementation and identify inhibiting factors in AMC officers' performance. The results of the study showed that most AMC officers had implemented the SOP for operating the aviobridge well, but there were still some discrepancies, especially in the undocking process and coordination between units. The main obstacles faced included limited personnel in one shift, as well as technical problems with the aviobridge facilities, increasing training and coordination across units was needed to ensure optimal and safe aviobridge operations.

Efficient management of aircraft parking stands is a critical element in maintaining flight safety at airports. As air traffic increases, the coordination and performance of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) team play a vital role in assigning parking positions to prevent operational delays and potential hazards. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the AMC team in managing parking stands at Yogyakarta International Airport using a descriptive qualitative approach. The assessment was based on five indicators proposed by Robbins & Judge: work quality, work quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that the AMC team consistently performs its duties in accordance with established procedures, responds effectively to sudden operational changes, and demonstrates independent decision-making capabilities. These results highlight the crucial role of the AMC team in ensuring the safe movement of aircraft on the apron. However, challenges such as limited staffing and unanticipated schedule changes still require attention to improve overall operational efficiency.

This study aims to examine the optimization efforts made by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit in supervising and regulating the movement of people and vehicles in the airside area of ​​Komodo International Airport, Labuan Bajo. The AMC unit is responsible for managing the movement of aircraft, people, and vehicles, including plotting parking stands, arranging ground handling, administering flight data, licensing airside vehicles, supervising engine run-up, apron cleanliness, and handling fuel spills. Supervision is carried out based on SOP, but in emergency situations such as aircraft skidding or unloading on the taxiway, the AMC must be able to adapt quickly to relevant safety procedures. This study uses a qualitative method with direct observation techniques, interviews with three AMC personnel, as well as SOP documentation and incident reports. The results show that the implementation of supervision and control has been running according to PM-IK standards. The focus of supervision includes aircraft movement, engine idle, GSE vehicle speed, completeness of worker PPE, and passenger arrangements to the aircraft. However, the main obstacle is the limited personnel which causes a high workload and supervision is not optimal, so that violations by service users or workers still occur and have the potential to endanger flight safety.

In organizing the MotoGP Event at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport, Lombok, a significant increase in flight traffic affects operational capacity, especially in the Apron area. The Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and safe movement of aircraft, vehicles, and personnel. During the event, the surge in passenger numbers and aircraft movements puts additional pressure on the AMC, making it essential to maintain operational safety and efficiency in the apron area. This study aims to determine how the handling of increased flight traffic affects the efficiency of apron space usage during the 2024 MotoGP Event and what strategies and mechanisms are implemented by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit in increasing the efficiency and safety of flight operations during the 2024 MotoGP Event at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport. This study uses a qualitative method. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport during the 2024 MotoGP Event is very vital for the smooth running of flight operations, especially in managing increased traffic. AMC is tasked with following established procedures, including aircraft parking arrangements and efficient use of apron space. To overcome the spike in traffic, AMC added personnel, increased supervision in the airside area, and coordinated with relevant stakeholders, including Airnav Indonesia. In addition, airport infrastructure was expanded and operations were improved to meet the needs during the event, ensuring that all aircraft movements were safe and orderly.

I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport – Bali is one of the airports with the busiest flight traffic in Indonesia, for both domestic and international routes. The high intensity of operational activities on the airside demands optimal management of all supporting elements, one of which is Ground Support Equipment (GSE). GSE plays a vital role in supporting aircraft movements and handling baggage, cargo, and passengers. Therefore, the provision of well-organized Equipment Parking Area (EPA) facilities in the Make Up and Break Down areas is crucial to ensure smooth and safe operations on the apron. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EPA provision and management in supporting GSE work efficiency, while identifying challenges and providing solutions to various emerging problems. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, field documentation, and analysis of the actual layout compared to the provisions of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Regulation No. PR 21 of 2023 concerning Technical and Operational Standards for Civil Aviation Safety Regulations. This research also complements EPA management practices at other airports in Indonesia, to provide a constructive comparative perspective. The study results indicate that the current management of the EPA at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is not optimal. The main problems identified include irregular parking of GSE vehicles, the absence of zoning based on vehicle type, minimal markings, and a weak monitoring system due to limited personnel. As a result, congestion often occurs on GSE operational routes, which can disrupt the smooth operation of ground handling services. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include redesigning the EPA layout based on vehicle classification, installing signs and vehicle flow maps in strategic areas, and implementing an integrated technology-based monitoring system such as CCTV and digital access control.

The success of operational management at an airport is highly dependent on the performance and discipline of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers (Nurifi, 2024). AMC officers are required to be able to carry out high discipline, considering the many safety procedures that must be followed in order to avoid potential risks and incidents, because this affects the effectiveness of work and also the efficiency of airport officers, namely Apron Movement Control (AMC). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of work discipline on the effectiveness of the work of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and how much influence it has. This study uses a quantitative approach. The location of the research was carried out at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Benda District, Tangerang City and Kosambi, Tangerang, Banten. With a research period of August 2024 to February 2025. In this study, all Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Terminal 3 of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, totaling 19 people, will be used as respondents by filling out the questionnaire provided. Based on the results of the research and analysis that have been conducted, it can be concluded that work discipline has a significant influence with a contribution of 75.9%. Meanwhile, the remaining 24.1% is influenced by other factors that were not analyzed in this study. This influence is proven by the coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.759, which shows that work discipline contributes 75.9% to the effectiveness of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.

The rapid development of Lombok tourism and the MotoGP event will be held in September 2024, driving the need for transportation, especially air transportation, Zainuddin Abdul Madjid  Lombok International Airport has several units that play a role in optimizing the airport, one of which is the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit, this unit has a very important role in supervising all traffic movements on the air side which includes aircraft parking stands, traffic of people, vehicles, and Ground Handling arrangements, flight data administration and licensing of vehicles operating on the apron, this study aims to determine the differences in the implementation of the AMC unit's duties before and during the Mandalika MotoGP event, and to determine the obstacles faced when carrying out tasks during the event. This study uses a qualitative method, the data used are primary and secondary data, primary data is obtained from observation and interviews, while secondary data from SOP, documentation in the form of photos and regulations related to the problem being studied, data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions, testing the validity of data using triangulation techniques. This study shows that AMC officers successfully carried out their duties in accordance with SOP, including the process of plotting aircraft parking, operating Aviobridge, supervising Ground Support Equipment and supervising Marshaller Service, the responsibility of officers in providing services to airport users, especially in the Airside area, was carried out well, the obstacles faced including FOD, lack of facilities and personnel available, use of Driving Licenses and the suitability of vehicles/equipment and lack of communication between units can be handled and provide evaluation so that all movements in the Airside area run smoothly.

Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit is a vital component in airport operations, playing an important role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of flight services. This study aims to determine what obstacles are encountered during inspection activities and how does the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit overcome these obstacles. This study uses a qualitative approach with field observations and then conducting analysis. The subjects of this study were Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit officers at Supadio Airport, Pontianak. The research period was 1 month. The results of the study can be concluded that the main obstacles of the AMC unit at Supadio Airport, Pontianak include communication difficulties due to noise, limited visual supervision, and coordination between units. The proposed solutions include improving communication systems, expanding surveillance camera coverage, optimizing personnel, regular training, using new technologies such as drones, and evaluating and improving operational procedures. The implementation of these solutions is expected to improve the effectiveness of the AMC inspection function, support the discipline of apron officers, and improve the safety and smoothness of airport operations..

Increased activity in the airside area, especially on the apron, causes the emergence of foreign objects such as gravel and oil spills that can disrupt flight safety. Apron Movement Control (AMC) plays a crucial role in regulating aircraft traffic, monitoring the apron area, and maintaining cleanliness from Foreign Object Debris (FOD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of AMC performance in FOD supervision on flight safety at Sentani International Airport. The method used is a quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique, involving airside officers from airlines, Ground Handling (GH), Ground Support Equipment (GSE), and Marshallers. Data were collected through a closed questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale and analyzed using validity, reliability, simple linear regression, T-test, and coefficient of determination. The results of the analysis show that AMC performance has a positive and significant effect on flight safety, with a significance value of the T test <0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.916 indicates that AMC contributes 91.6% to flight safety, while the rest is influenced by other factors. This finding emphasizes the importance of improving the professionalism and effectiveness of AMC officers' performance.

In serving aviation activities on the air side, the role and supervision required in managing airside traffic from the Apron Movement Control Unit or AMC. When monitoring and providing services on the air side, the AMC unit must comply with the main tasks and functions that have been determined in order to achieve the monitoring and service tasks in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that has been determined in article 217 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning flight. This research aims to find out how the SOP for Apron Movement Control (AMC) Personnel is implemented and what obstacles are faced by AMC Personnel in vehicle piloting services (VVIP vehicles, project vehicles, criminal vehicles) at Palembang's Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport. This research uses a qualitative approach with types and sources of data, namely primary data and secondary data.  This research was carried out from August 2023 to February 2024 at Palembang's Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport. The results of this research are that the implementation of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Apron Movement Control in the Vehicle Guidance Service at Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport in Palembang went well and smoothly, apart from that there were several obstacles such as miscommunication between the AMC and other related parties. resulting in information being received repeatedly so that the information received by the AMC becomes inaccurate. And the lack of harmony between officials when leaving an event held airside can result in a lack of effectiveness in using the FOLLOW ME car.    

Air transportation is the primary choice due to its speed, safety, and comfort. Airports are places where aircraft land and take off and conduct various activities related to passengers and cargo, categorized into domestic and international. The Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at PT Angkasa Pura I oversees movements in the apron area and provides services to airport users. Strict supervision is required to maintain safety and discipline on the apron. However, observations at the AMC at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar show a lack of discipline among staff, such as oil spills on the apron, which pose a safety hazard. This research aims to understand the role of AMC in enforcing employee discipline and the challenges faced at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar. This research employs a qualitative approach to understand the phenomena in the Apron Movement Control unit at PT Angkasa Pura I, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar, from June 1 to July 31, 2024. Primary data were collected through interviews and direct observations, while secondary data were obtained from company documents and literature studies. Data analysis involves reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity tested through source, technique, and time triangulation. Research steps include interviews, observations, data analysis, and conclusion drawing.The results show that the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar plays a crucial role in maintaining security, order, and discipline on the apron. They control the movements of aircraft, vehicles, and personnel and ensure operations follow safety procedures. AMC also acts as disciplinarian and educator through regular training. However, they face challenges such as a lack of employee understanding of procedures, limited communication equipment, communication challenges due to noise, and high operational pressure. To overcome these challenges, AMC needs to strengthen training, improve communication and coordination, enhance facilities, and increase employee welfare. These measures are expected to improve AMC's performance and instill a strong work discipline culture, making them the front line in maintaining airport security and operational efficiency.    

Transportation needs will continue to grow over time. One mode of transportation that has many fans is air transportation. Air transportation was chosen because it is a type of transportation that is efficient in terms of time. Airports are a very important factor in supporting the implementation of air transportation activities. With the increase in the number of people's needs, the number of passengers increases so that aircraft movements also increase. The increase that occurs has an impact on On Time Performance. This research uses qualitative methods with resource persons who are members of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit. The results of this research show that the available parking stands can fulfill efforts to achieve On Time Performance (OTP). And efforts that can be made by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit are to coordinate with related parties such as Ground Handling companies, Airlines, ATS and other units. Apart from that, regular briefings are also carried out to maintain and maintain punctuality of service on the apron.  

Air transportation is any activity that uses aircraft to transport passengers or goods or cargo for one or more airport trips that is time efficient and more effective, and still prioritizes safety to this day. On time performance has a very important influence in the world of aviation. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, sources those interviewed were members of Apron Movement Control. The results of this research show that the number of parking stands to achieve on time performance (OTP) at Husein Sastranegara Bandung International Airport has been fulfilled. Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers in optimizing the number of parking stands to achieve On Time Performance (OTP) for flights at Husein Sastranegara Bandung International Airport optimize the use of parking stands that can be used, First Come First Service, Good Communication and Coordination with units related, and Placing the aircraft parking position not too close to the terminal (Remote Stand).    

This study aims to ascertain how service users are supervised by the Apron Movement Control Unit and how service users are dissipated by the Apron Movement Control Unit at Sultan Mahmud Badarudin II International Airport in South Sumatra. This study employs primary and secondary data in a qualitative manner. Three methods of gathering data were employed: documentation, interviews, and observation. The study's findings support the assertion that the AMC unit oversees all tarmac operational activities related to the discipline of service users, including monitoring the speed of GSE and officer vehicles, regulating passenger and person mobility, supervising the use of equipment that agents are required to use, such as safety vests, supervising engine travel, supervising refuelling, and keeping an eye on the apron area's cleanliness. The AMC unit monitors everyone's movement, including passengers, and imposes discipline on service users on the air side (apron). Ground handling agents who violate the guidelines face disciplinary action from the AMC. The person in question receives a straight reprimand, and if they receive one of these actions three times in a row, their airport pass is cancelled or withheld, making it impossible for them to work on the airside or apron areas.

Foreign Object Damage (FOD) is any object found in an inappropriate location that could damage equipment or injure personnel by virtue of being in that location.FOD includes a wide range of materials, including loose hardware, pavement fragments, catering supplies, building materials, stone , sand, luggage, and even wild animals. The aim of this research is to find out the handling of Foreign Object Damage at the Yogyakarta Kulon Progo International Airport Apron and to find out the factors that cause Foregin Object Damage (FOD) in the Airport Apron area International Yogyakarta Kulon Progo. This study used descriptive qualitative method. This research was carried out on March 1 – March 31 2023 at Yogyakarta Kulon Progo International Airport. The data collection techniques used in this research were documentation, observation and interviews with Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit officers. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.The results of the research show that the handling carried out by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit is by checking. If there is Foreign Object Damage (FOD) scattered in the Apron area, it is immediately taken or stored in the Fod bin box and will later be handed over to the Safety Management System. (SMS). The obstacle faced by Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit officers at Yogyakarta Kulon Progo International Airport is the lack of awareness of operational officers in the Apron area, especially regarding order and cleanliness. There are several colleagues who are not optimally moving around the Apron so that Fod is not detected. External factors that cause Foreign Object Damage (FOD) on the Apron are objects brought in from outside such as flying grass from cuttings at the edge of the Apron or runway which are carried by the wind and enter the Apron. Meanwhile, the internal factors are plastic waste from GSE such as neat ropes, fragments of suitcases and from passengers.