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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a condition of insufficient iron that lowers hemoglobin levels and disrupts erythrocyte formation. This condition commonly occurs in children and can weaken the immune system, thereby increasing the risk of recurrent respiratory tract infections such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTI). Children with IDA are also at risk of worsening clinical conditions. This study employed a literature review method with a descriptive-analytical approach. A total of 10 journals (2020–2026) from Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Elsevier, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were analyzed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) framework and synthesized narratively. The results of the review indicate that iron deficiency anemia is significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Children with IDA have a 2–5 times higher risk of developing bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and up to 10 times greater susceptibility to recurrent ARTI. This condition is also associated with increased disease severity, characterized by low hemoglobin levels, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum iron, as well as elevated total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Iron supplementation has been proven effective in reducing the incidence of recurrent infections. In conclusion, iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk and severity of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Early detection and iron supplementation are essential to reduce morbidity and prevent infection recurrence.

Thalassemia is a chronic genetic disease that requires long-term treatment and affects children's quality of life physically, psychologically, socially, and academically due to chronic anemia and regular blood transfusion needs. This study aimed to determine factors influencing the quality of life of children with thalassemia at Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita. A descriptive design with a cross sectional approach was used, involving 41 respondents through total sampling. Data were collected using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale) and respondent characteristics including age, gender, socioeconomic status, parental education, and frequency of blood transfusions. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results showed most respondents were under ten years old, female, from families with socioeconomic status below the minimum wage, had parents with high school or higher education, and received blood transfusions every three weeks. Bivariate analysis indicated only the frequency of blood transfusions was significantly associated with quality of life, while other variables were not. Thus, transfusion frequency is the main factor influencing quality of life in children with thalassemia.

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major public health problem among pregnant women in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 37.1% and higher rates in regions such as Brebes Regency. Adequate nutritional knowledge and sufficient iron intake are expected to prevent decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) levels during the third trimester. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, iron intake adequacy, and Hb levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Puskesmas Brebes. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 62 respondents using total sampling. Data were collected through a nutritional knowledge questionnaire, a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to assess iron intake based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 27 mg/day, and Hb measurement using a digital device. The prevalence of anemia was 32.3%, with a mean Hb level of 11.25 ± 1.74 g/dL. Most respondents had high nutritional knowledge (72.6%), but 79.0% had inadequate iron intake. Chi-Square analysis showed no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and Hb levels (p=0.109) or between iron intake adequacy and Hb levels (p=0.426). Other factors, including iron absorption inhibitors, compliance with iron supplementation, nutritional status, and limited sample size, may have influenced the results.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium that affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory mucosa, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a comorbidity that can worsen the course of leprosy. The female patient, Mrs. D, aged 55 years came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with the main complaint of red bumps accompanied by pain on the face, hands, chest, and back since 3 days ago and additional complaints such as fever, joint pain, and numbness and loss of feeling in the legs, weakness, frequent thirst, and frequent urination. Dermatologic status is obtained in the facial region in the form of erythema nodules with firm boundaries with numular size, multiple. Laboratory examination showed anemia and leukocytosis. The therapy given was MDT MB package, ferrous sulfate 1x325 mg and PRC transfusion 3 kolf. Complaints arose acutely after the patient resumed taking MDT (multidrug therapy) leprosy drugs which had previously been stopped for more than 3 months. Based on the time of onset of symptoms, history of leprosy treatment, and the manifestation of systemic inflammatory lesions with signs of neurotropism, it can be suspected that the patient is experiencing a type 2 leprosy reaction or Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL).

This study aims to analyze the extent of the effect of honey bee pollen supplementation on increasing appetite and body weight in anemic children. The type of research used in this study is an experimental study with a pre- and post-test one-group design. The research sample consisted of 52 anemic fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school students. The average total food intake (Yellow Rice) showed a significant result (P=0.000), increasing from 241.40±94.334 g to 354.94±122.57 g after the final measurement of ad libitum appetite. The average body weight also showed a significant result (P=0.00), with a mean of 23.59±5.29 kg at pre-test and rising to 24.65±5.58 kg at post-test. The Z-Score calculation for weight-for-age based on the WHO NCHS reference showed a non-significant result: P=0.0180 (0.01±0.04) at pre-test and 0.03±0.08 at post-test. Based on the 24-hour recall analysis over two days, a significant result was obtained (P=0.000), with total energy intake of elementary school students increasing from an average of 1,594±420.17 kcal before intervention to 2,070.2±491.77 kcal after two months of intervention. After statistical testing (Paired T-Test), a P-value of 0.00 (<0.05) was obtained. It can be concluded that the administration of honey bee pollen for 8 weeks at a dose of 25 grams per day significantly increased appetite and body weight in anemic elementary school children.

Teenage pregnancy remains a reproductive health issue in Indonesia, including in Batam City. According to data from the Batam City Health Office in 2024, there were 18 cases of teenage pregnancy (0.06%) with the Lubuk Baja Health Center being one of the highest areas. Pregnant teenagers are at high risk of complications such as anemia, malnutrition, and low birth weight (LBW), which contribute to high rates of maternal and infant morbidity. This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach on Ny. S, an 18-year-old teenager with a pregnancy in the Lubuk Baja Health Center area of Batam City in 2025. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and SOAP documentation following the 7-step Varney obstetric management. The findings revealed that Ny. S experienced mild complaints such as nausea, reduced appetite, and anxiety about her pregnancy. After three visits, the mother's complaints decreased, appetite improved, anxiety decreased, and nutritional status was within normal limits. Comprehensive midwifery care with a biopsychosocial approach was proven effective in improving both the physical and mental health of pregnant teenagers and preventing pregnancy complications.

Status gizi ibu dan anak merupakan indikator penting kesehatan masyarakat dan berperan besar dalam pencegahan anemia, kekurangan energi kronis (KEK), dan stunting. Rendahnya literasi gizi serta keterbatasan kemandirian ibu dalam melakukan deteksi dini status gizi masih menjadi tantangan di tingkat komunitas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran ibu mengenai gizi seimbang serta kemampuan deteksi dini status gizi ibu dan anak melalui edukasi berbasis teknologi informasi. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Persiapan dilakukan melalui observasi awal dan pengembangan media edukasi digital. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan penyuluhan langsung, diskusi interaktif, serta pengenalan aplikasi edukasi gizi dan deteksi dini pertumbuhan anak. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk menilai perubahan tingkat pengetahuan peserta. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 22 ibu sebagai peserta. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan, ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah peserta pada kategori pengetahuan baik dan tidak ditemukannya lagi peserta dengan kategori pengetahuan kurang setelah intervensi. Peserta menunjukkan antusiasme dan komitmen untuk menerapkan prinsip gizi seimbang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Edukasi gizi seimbang berbasis teknologi informasi terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan literasi gizi ibu dan berpotensi mendukung deteksi dini masalah gizi secara mandiri. Kegiatan ini direkomendasikan untuk diintegrasikan secara berkelanjutan dalam program kesehatan ibu dan anak di tingkat komunitas.

The health of pregnant and breastfeeding women is a crucial determinant of the quality of future generations, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life. However, nutritional problems, such as deficiencies in iron, protein, and essential vitamins, remain prevalent in many regions, especially in rural areas. These conditions may increase the risk of anemia, impaired fetal growth, and reduced maternal and child health outcomes. This community service program aimed to improve the nutritional status as well as the knowledge and awareness of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in Sukorejo Village, Bojonegoro Regency. The program was implemented through the provision of free balanced nutritious meals tailored to the nutritional needs of pregnant and breastfeeding women, accompanied by health education activities, including counseling sessions and interactive discussions on healthy dietary patterns, food hygiene, and anemia prevention. Program evaluation was conducted through participatory observation and participant feedback. The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of balanced nutrition and positive behavioral changes in daily food selection and consumption. This community service initiative is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving maternal and child health and preventing nutritional problems at the village level.

Nutritional problems in adolescents are complex, as evidenced by the high rate of iron deficiency anemia, especially among girls (23%), as well as malnutrition and overnutrition. According to SKI (2023), nutritional problems in adolescents include thinness and extreme thinness reaching 7.6%, while adolescents who are overweight reach 12.1%, and those who are obese reach 4.1%. The objectives are to determine the knowledge of balanced nutrition and eating habits of students in their daily lives and to identify the relationship between knowledge and eating habits with nutritional status. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of 45 students from the Midwifery Study Program at Harkat Negeri University. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, while nutritional status was obtained by measuring BMI. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used. The majority of respondents were aged 20 years (44.5%), had good nutritional knowledge (59.1%), poor eating habits (63.6%), and normal nutritional status (68.2%). In the bivariate analysis, there was no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and eating habits with the nutritional status of students (p-value >0.05). Conclusion The majority of students had good understanding of nutrition, but not of eating habits. It is hoped that students can maintain eating habits with balanced nutrition in order to achieve normal nutritional status. Keywords: Nutrition Knowledge; Eating Habits; Nutritional Status

Health issues are complex and require new ideas for their resolution. Public health focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and physical, mental, and social therapy. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and women’s health throughout their life cycle are crucial public health issues as they have a significant impact on the quality of human resources in a generation. In Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency, problems such as the lack of knowledge among pregnant women about Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), pregnancy anemia, Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), balanced nutrition, and weaning have been identified. To address these issues, a Community Midwifery Care program based on community service was carried out, which included counseling, training, demonstrations, and simulations. The results of this activity showed a positive response and active participation from the community in Pukdale Village in the programs implemented by the students. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of pregnant women about CED, pregnancy anemia, EBF, as well as the knowledge of mothers of infants about balanced nutrition and weaning. This is expected to improve the overall health status of the community in the village.

Anemia pada remaja putri (27,2% nasional) berdampak pada penurunan konsentrasi dan prestasi belajar. Di SMA Negeri 1 Cawas, ditemukan 100% sampel (70 siswi) mengalami anemia (92,9% ringan, 7,1% sedang), yang menunjukkan urgensi penanganan khusus.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan dismenore, status gizi, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi SMA Negeri 1 Cawas Klaten tahun 2025.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 70 siswi kelas XI dipilih melalui simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran IMT/U, dan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square.Hasil: Mayoritas responden mengalami anemia ringan (92,9%) dan sisanya anemia sedang (7,1%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan aktivitas fisik berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia ($p=0,046$), sedangkan dismenore ($p=0,161$) dan status gizi ($p=0,556$) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.Kesimpulan: Seluruh responden terdeteksi anemia, dengan aktivitas fisik sebagai faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan. Diperlukan pendekatan komprehensif melalui edukasi kesehatan reproduksi, perbaikan pola makan, dan penguatan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah (TTD) di lingkungan sekolah.

The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been increasing among various age groups, including children and adults. UPF is generally low in iron content and can interfere with iron bioavailability, thereby increasing the risk of anemia. Additionally, the high calorie content of UPF contributes to the development of degenerative diseases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between UPF consumption, iron intake, and the risk of anemia. The study employs a narrative review method. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, using controlled terms. The results showed that high UPF consumption had a negative impact on iron intake and increased the risk of anemia. Similar effects were found in high fat and sodium consumption. Some studies showed varying results regarding protein intake, fiber, and micronutrients such as sodium and calcium. In general, it can be concluded that excessive UPF consumption negatively impacts the quality of nutrient intake, both macro and micro, and contributes to the occurrence of anemia. These findings highlight the need for public health strategies to limit UPF consumption, particularly among vulnerable populations, as a preventive effort against anemia.

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Papua, Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and significant hematological complications. One of the main impacts of malaria infection is anemia caused by a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin levels and malaria parasite species among patients at Sentani Health Center, Jayapura Regency. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopic examination were included as samples. Data collected included gender, parasite species, nutritional status, hemoglobin level, and parasite count, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The results showed that most respondents were male (54%) and predominantly infected by Plasmodium falciparum (66%). The majority had normal nutritional status (40%), and the distribution between normal and abnormal hemoglobin levels was equal (50% each). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between body mass index and hemoglobin level (p=0.03), but no significant relationship between parasite species and hemoglobin level (p=0.145). These findings indicate that nutritional status plays a more dominant role in determining hemoglobin levels than parasite species variation. In conclusion, anemia among malaria patients in endemic regions is influenced not only by the infecting Plasmodium species but also by individual nutritional factors. Integrated interventions focusing on nutritional improvement and malaria control are essential to reduce anemia risk in endemic areas such as Papua. Malaria remains a major public health problem in Papua, Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and significant hematological complications. One of the main impacts of malaria infection is anemia caused by a decrease in hemoglobin levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hemoglobin levels and malaria parasite species among patients at Sentani Health Center, Jayapura Regency. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopic examination were included as samples. Data collected included gender, parasite species, nutritional status, hemoglobin level, and parasite count, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α=0.05). The results showed that most respondents were male (54%) and predominantly infected by Plasmodium falciparum (66%). The majority had normal nutritional status (40%), and the distribution between normal and abnormal hemoglobin levels was equal (50% each). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between body mass index and hemoglobin level (p=0.03), but no significant relationship between parasite species and hemoglobin level (p=0.145). These findings indicate that nutritional status plays a more dominant role in determining hemoglobin levels than parasite species variation. In conclusion, anemia among malaria patients in endemic regions is influenced not only by the infecting Plasmodium species but also by individual nutritional factors. Integrated interventions focusing on nutritional improvement and malaria control are essential to reduce anemia risk in endemic areas such as Papua.

This study aims to analyze hematocrit values ​​using a micro method with capillary blood samples in pregnant women with anemia at the Sidodadi Kisaran Barat Community Health Center. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 15 pregnant women as respondents. Data collection was carried out through hematocrit laboratory examinations and data collection of respondent characteristics. The results showed that 60% of respondents had hematocrit levels below normal values, while 40% of respondents had hematocrit levels within normal limits. Low hematocrit levels in pregnant women are influenced by several factors, including age, education level, employment status, and level of knowledge about anemia during pregnancy. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of pregnancy complications if not optimally managed. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers continue to increase educational efforts regarding anemia prevention, the importance of regular pregnancy check-ups, and encourage pregnant women to maintain a balanced nutritional consumption pattern and adequate iron intake to support maternal and fetal health.

Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires special attention to maternal nutritional status, including the prevention of anemia through the consumption of Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS). Compliance with MMS consumption remains a challenge due to physical, psychological, and social factors. This study aims to analyze the role of Posyandu cadres as peer support in improving compliance with MMS consumption and preventing anemia in pregnant women in the Bongo II Community Health Center, Boalemo Regency. The study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a total sample of 20 pregnant women. Peer support interventions in the form of education, motivation, reminders, and routine monitoring were carried out for 4 weeks. Data were collected through questionnaires, MMS consumption records, and hemoglobin level examinations, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in the mean score of MMS consumption compliance from 61.2 to 80.5 (p = 0.002) and the mean hemoglobin level from 10.7 g/dL to 11.4 g/dL (p = 0.014). This finding confirms the effectiveness of peer support by Posyandu cadres in increasing compliance with MMS consumption and improving anemia status.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) remains a critical global health issue that significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. The main challenge in addressing LBW lies in its complex and multifactorial risk profile, which involves biological, social, environmental, and healthcare-related determinants. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the risk factors associated with LBW based on recent scientific literature. A literature review method was applied by searching articles from Portal Garuda, DOAJ, PubMed, and Google Scholar published between 2020 and 2025 using relevant keywords. The findings indicate that maternal age, interpregnancy interval, nutritional status, anemia, preeclampsia, infections, socioeconomic conditions, environmental exposure, and the quality of antenatal care are significant determinants of LBW. The synthesis of evidence confirms that LBW is influenced by the interaction of multiple individual and healthcare system factors rather than a single cause. In conclusion, this study highlights the urgent need to strengthen antenatal care services, improve maternal nutritional status, control maternal diseases during pregnancy, and implement community-based promotive and preventive strategies as key efforts to reduce the incidence of LBW.

Anemia in pregnant women is a health problem that contributes significantly to Low Birth Weight (BBLR), a serious issue in Indonesia with a prevalence exceeding 15% according to WHO, and is a major contributor to the high Neonatal Mortality Rate. This study aims to examine the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of BBLR at the Sungai Durian Health Center, Sintang Regency. Using a case control analytical research design with secondary data from medical records in 2024, the sample used was 116 respondents, consisting of 58 pregnant women with BBLR babies as the case group and 58 pregnant women with normal birth weight babies (BBLN) as the control group, which were taken by total sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test and the Odds Ratio (OR) with a significance level of 95%. The results of the study show that the incidence rate of BBLR at the Sungai Durian Health Center in 2024 is 25.8%, and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women is 46.6%. Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between anemia in pregnant women and the incidence of BBLR (p < 0.05). Pregnant women with anemia had a 21.758 times greater risk of giving birth to a BBLR baby compared to non-anemic mothers (OR=21.758; CI 95% = 1.45–7.08). The study concluded that there was a relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of preeclampsia at the Sungai Durian Sintang Health Center.

Adolescents are a vulnerable age group to nutritional problems due to increased nutritional requirements during periods of rapid growth. Suboptimal nutritional status, including undernutrition and anaemia, can negatively affect health and academic performance. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study employed a descriptive observational design conducted from August to September 2025 with a total sample of 226 twelfth-grade students’ selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through measurements of body weight and height to determine nutritional status based on the BMI-for-Age indicator and haemoglobin levels were assessed using a digital haemometer. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that most respondents had normal nutritional status (52.2%), while a considerable proportion were undernutrition (47.8%). In addition, more than half of the respondents were anaemia (50.9%). These findings indicate that although anthropometric nutritional status was generally normal, anemia remains a health problem that requires attention among adolescents. Regular monitoring of nutritional status and hemoglobin levels accompanied by nutrition education is recommended. Further studies are recommended to use an analytical study design to identify factors associated with nutritional status and anaemia.

Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where prevalence reaches 38%. Iron deficiency is the leading cause, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and maternal mortality. Compliance with iron supplementation is critical, yet data from North Sulawesi indicate that only 60% of pregnant women adhere to recommended intake. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between compliance with Fe tablet consumption and anemia incidence among pregnant women at the Suluun Community Health Center, South Minahasa. Using a cross-sectional design, 100 respondents were selected via purposive sampling based on Slovin’s formula. Data collection involved questionnaires assessing compliance and demographics, alongside hemoglobin measurements to determine anemia status. Statistical analysis employed Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. Results showed that 56.7% of respondents were compliant, while 43.3% were non-compliant. A significant relationship was found between compliance and anemia incidence (p=0.004), with 76.9% of non-compliant women experiencing anemia compared to 23.5% of compliant women. These findings highlight the importance of education, family support, and healthcare access in improving adherence to iron supplementation. Strengthening health programs targeting these factors is essential to reduce anemia prevalence among pregnant women.

Pengabdian masyarakat Universitas Bojonegoro di Desa Mojoagung menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pendidikan berbasis feminisme, diskusi interaktif, dan distribusi tablet penambah darah (TTD) yang didukung oleh penyuluhan pola makan sehat dapat membantu meningkatkan kesadaran akan gender dan gizi perempuan.kesehatan. Program ini mampu menurunkan prevalensi anemia hingga 30%, memberdayakan perempuan secara sosial, dan meningkatkan kesadaran akan hak-haknya. Selain itu, keberlanjutan dan pertumbuhan program bergantung pada kerja sama dengan fasilitas medis dan organisasi masyarakat non-pemerintah. Menurut hasil dari beberapa penelitian terkait, pemberdayaan perempuan melalui kesadaran gender yang lebih besar dan akses ke perawatan kesehatan inklusif dapat membantu meningkatkan kesehatan dan status gizi perempuan sekaligus mendorong perubahan sosial yang tahan lama. Strategi berbasis komunitas yang melibatkan keluarga dan komunitas sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan ini, terutama dalam hal mencegah anemia, meningkatkan kesehatan anak-anak, dan memajukan hak-hak perempuan di masyarakat.