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Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of overweight among adults reached 23.4% nationally and 24.5% in East Java Province. This condition highlights the need for food innovation, particularly high-fiber snacks suitable for overweight adults. This study aimed to develop cereal based on okara (soy pulp) flour and mung bean flour as an alternative high-fiber food product. Organoleptic testing was conducted on 30 semi-trained panelists evaluating color, aroma, texture, and taste using hedonic and hedonic quality tests. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test, while nutrient content analysis was analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. The results showed that in the hedonic test, color, texture, and taste parameters were significantly different (p<0.05), while aroma was not significantly different (p>0.05). In the hedonic quality test, color and taste showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas aroma and texture did not (p>0.05). Overall, formulation 922 was the most preferred by panelists. The nutritional content of the cereal ranged from 407–410 kcal for energy, 76.44–77.53% carbohydrates, 8.91–9.66% protein, 6.80–7.30% fat, 5.20–5.51% moisture, 1.26–1.41% ash, and 9.72–10.90% total dietary fiber. The developed cereal is classified as a high-fiber food and has potential as a healthy snack for overweight adults.

Dijkstra's algorithm is one of the algorithms in graph theory that is used to solve the problem of the shortest path of a graph at each vertex that has a non-negative value. This algorithm was discovered by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, a scientist from the Netherlands. The search for the shortest route for product delivery can be calculated through the application of the Dijkstra algorithm in the problem being faced. The problem of decision making for selecting the shortest route is still manual, so it experiences several obstacles, including the absence of a systematic and computerized system to assist the decision-making process in determining the route for shipping goods, the determination of shipping routes still depends on manual estimates so that the time taken between deliveries becomes inconsistent, the operational costs of shipping are relatively high because there is no optimal route determination system. Facing these problems, a system is needed that can minimize delays and increase effectiveness in shipping goods, namely determining the shortest route using the Dijkstra algorithm. This system works by finding various alternative routes for shipping goods at PT AMSA to address various structured and unstructured problems using data and models. To process this data and models, a method called the Dijkstra algorithm is required. Based on the description above, researchers will create a method for determining the shortest route for shipping goods at PT AMSA using the Dijkstra algorithm to facilitate the company's process of determining the shortest route.

Health issues among the elderly are often related to declining bodily functions, digestive disorders, and specific nutritional needs for easily digestible foods. The 60-and-older age group is at high risk for gastrointestinal disorders due to low fiber intake. Therefore, alternative foods are needed that are soft in texture, neutral in taste, safe, and nutritious. One potential solution is the development of food products based on tempeh gembus with the addition of banana hearts, which are rich in fiber, soft in texture, and readily available. This study employed an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to test three formulation variations (F1, F2, F3). The nutritional content of formulation F1 includes energy 111.575 kcal, carbohydrates 20.185 g, protein 6.91 g, fat 0.355 g, and fiber 6.67 g. Formula F2 contains 88.225 kcal of energy, 14.095 g of carbohydrates, 7.72 g of protein, 0.205 g of fat, 7.3 g of fiber, and 0.0015% flavonoids. Formula F3 has 107.015 kcal of energy, 7.995 g of protein, 0.295 g of fat, 6.88 g of fiber, and 0.0021% flavonoids. In conclusion, the best tempeh with added banana hearts is Formula F2, with its nutritional content, fiber, flavonoids, and BAL >10⁸ CFU/g, which has the potential to serve as a functional food and probiotic source to help improve digestive health in the elderly. Further testing is recommended directly on elderly groups, along with product shelf-life testing.

  Red dragon fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant potential and possess natural pigments that can be used as cosmetic colorants. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a blush-on powder preparation from dragon fruit pulp extract as an alternative natural colorant. The evaluation includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, irritation, spreadability, fineness, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the formulation met most of the requirements, exhibiting a pink color, a smooth texture, no odor, homogeneity, a pH of 6 suitable for the skin, no irritation, even spreadability within 4 applications, a fineness degree of 97.6%, and a moisture content of 6.91%. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.3036 ppm (very strong), although the relative inhibition percentage was low (18.35%). Thus, dragon fruit extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in blush-on powder that provides both color and antioxidant benefits.

The implementation of smoking prohibition policies in Islamic boarding schools continues to depend largely on manual monitoring methods, which often face challenges related to consistency and supervision range. This study aims to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based cigarette smoke detection system as an alternative monitoring approach that is more effective, measurable, and sustainable. The system design combines an MQ-2 gas sensor with a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller programmed through the Arduino IDE platform. When smoke levels detected by the sensor exceed the predetermined limit, the system automatically triggers a buzzer and LED as warning indicators while simultaneously sending monitoring data to cloud-based platforms such as Firebase or ThingSpeak for real-time observation through web interfaces. The research outputs include a comprehensive system design consisting of system architecture, electronic circuit schematics, flowcharts, and pseudocode that are systematically arranged to support future prototype development and implementation. Through this design, the proposed system is expected to provide an initial technological solution that can enhance the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcing smoke-free regulations within Islamic boarding school environments.

This study aims to analyze the understanding of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Harjosari II Village regarding Islamic financial inclusion and its contribution to expanding access to business capital financing. Although the national financial inclusion index continues to increase, the implementation of Islamic financial inclusion still faces challenges at the grassroots level. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques consisting of observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with MSME owners in Harjosari II Village and staff from KSPPS & BMT Syariah Sejahtera (SS) Medan. The findings show that MSME owners’ understanding of Islamic financial inclusion is influenced by religiosity and the perception of justice through the profit-sharing system. Islamic financial inclusion is implemented through a kinship approach and simplified administrative procedures for the informal sector. However, the main obstacles to expanding financing access include limited Islamic financial literacy, restricted financing ceilings, and entrepreneurs’ lack of confidence in formal banking procedures. Islamic financing contributes to increasing production capacity and providing spiritual peace of mind by offering capital alternatives free from usury (riba). This study recommends strengthening direct technical socialization and implementing more flexible financing ceiling policies to support MSME growth in suburban areas.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of Local Microorganisms (LOM) from stale rice and oil palm boiler ash impacts the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) and to determine the interaction between the two treatments. Shallots are a horticultural commodity with high economic value, so efforts are needed to increase production through the use of environmentally friendly organic materials. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was LOM from stale rice with four levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 ml/L water/plot) and the second factor was oil palm boiler ash with four levels (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 grams/plot), resulting in 16 treatment combinations and 48 experimental plots. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of bulbs, dry weight of bulbs, and bulb diameter. If there was a significant effect, the data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). This research is expected to produce scientific data on the use of organic waste as an environmentally friendly fertilizer alternative.

Calcium deficiency among Indonesian adolescents remains a nutritional concern that necessitates the development of food products utilizing alternative calcium sources. Eggshell powder has potential as a calcium fortification ingredient due to its high calcium content and abundance as food waste. This study aimed to analyze the effect of eggshell powder substitution on the organoleptic characteristics and acceptability of oatmeal cookies among adolescents aged 10–15 years. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design with four substitution levels: 0% (F0), 5% (F1), 6% (F2), and 7% (F3). Organoleptic quality testing was conducted by three trained panelists, while hedonic testing was performed by 30 adolescent panelists on selected formulas (F0, F2, F3), analyzed using the Friedman test (α = 0.05). Organoleptic quality results showed that F2 and F3 had characteristics closest to the control, while F1 showed higher negative attribute intensity in taste and texture parameters. Hedonic test results showed no significant differences between formulas across all parameters (p > 0.05), with mean scores ranging from 3.87 to 4.63 out of a scale of 5 (very much liked). Formula F3 is recommended as the best formula as it demonstrated acceptability comparable to the control while containing the highest calcium substitution level.

Background: Anxiety can affect physiological functions in patients prior to surgery, including increased heart rate and respiration, changes in blood pressure and temperature, relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder, cold and clammy skin, and dry mouth, which may reduce the patient’s energy level. Psychologically, anxiety can lead to increased postoperative pain, delayed wound healing, increased physical disability, and decreased quality of life. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety is Benson relaxation therapy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of benson relaxation therapy on reducing anxiety levels in pre operative. Methods: This study used a case study design involving one preoperative patient with anxiety symptoms in the Teratai Ward of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto. Benson relaxation therapy was administered for 3 days, twice daily, with a duration of 15 minutes per session. Anxiety levels were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) before and after the intervention. Results: The patient showed a decrease in anxiety score from 55 (moderate anxiety) to 40 (mild anxiety) after receiving Benson relaxation therapy. Subjectively, the patient reported feeling calmer, more accepting, and motivated. Objectively, there was a reduction in heart rate and physical signs of anxiety. Conclusion: Benson relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients. This intervention can be used as a non-pharmacological alternative to support psychological recovery of pre-operative patients.

Anemia remains a significant nutritional problem among adolescent girls due to increased iron requirements during growth and menstruation. Iron (Fe) tablet supplementation is commonly used for prevention, but low compliance often limits its effectiveness. Moringa oleifera leaf tea offers a potential local food–based alternative intervention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf tea and iron tablets in increasing hemoglobin levels among anemic adolescent girls. A quasi-experimental two-group pretest–posttest design was employed in December 2025 at two junior high schools in Gorontalo City. The sample consisted of 18 adolescent girls with mild to moderate anemia, divided equally into a Moringa leaf tea group and an iron tablet group. The tea group consumed Moringa leaf tea twice daily for 14 days, while the tablet group consumed one iron tablet per week for two weeks. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using a digital hemoglobin analyzer. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney test showed that both interventions significantly increased hemoglobin levels. However, the increase was greater in the Moringa group (ΔHb 1.4–3.2 g/dL; p = 0.008) compared to the iron tablet group (ΔHb 0.5–0.8 g/dL; p = 0.007). A significant difference between groups (p < 0.001) indicates that Moringa oleifera leaf tea is more effective as an alternative intervention.

Immunization is a preventive measure used to protect against Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Polio, Hepatitis B, and Measles. Immunization administration must be continuous, comprehensive, and conducted according to standards to provide effective health protection. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year in the Tamban Baru Community hEalth Center area, Kapuas Regency. This study used a cross-sectional correlation design. The independent variable was paternal support, and the dependent variable was immunization status. The sample was selected using total sampling technique, consisting of 50 respondents. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The results showed a significant correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year, indicated by p = 0.000017 < 0.005; thus, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) accepted. This means that there is a correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year. It is recommended that that cross-sector collaboration and Community Health Center authorities enhance efforts so that every immunization officer provides health education, such as counseling about immunization, and that family involvement in spreading immunization programs is increased to achieve targeted coverage through cooperation with health professionals.

Sectio caesarea is a common surgical procedure to deliver a baby when normal delivery is not possible or risky. Postoperatively, patients often experience acute pain that can interfere with the recovery process. The benson relaxation technique is a nonpharmacological method that has been shown to be effective in reducing pain through a relaxation and patient confidence approach. This study uses a case study approach on Mrs. T, a post-sectio caesarea patient at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City. Nursing care is carried out comprehensively for three days, including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main intervention was the administration of benzone relaxation techniques for 10–15 minutes every day. After three days of applying the Benson relaxation technique, Mrs. T's pain intensity decreased from a scale of 6 (moderate pain) to a scale of 2 (mild pain). Patients show increased comfort, ability to be active, and decreased expressions of pain such as grimacing. These results support previous findings that benzon relaxation is effective as a nonpharmacological therapy in reducing postoperative pain. This technique can be a safe and easy-to-apply alternative in nursing practice, especially for post-sectio caesarean patients.

This study analyzes law enforcement related to the application of the death penalty with a ten-year probation period as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). The results of the study show that the enforcement of the conditional death penalty is carried out in three stages, namely the formulation, application, and implementation stages. The formulation stage is reflected in the establishment of the death penalty as a special alternative and conditional punishment in Law Number 1 of 2023, the application stage is carried out through the application of norms by law enforcement officials, while the implementation stage relates to the execution of court decisions against convicts. The change in the construction of the death penalty from an absolute primary punishment to an alternative and special conditional punishment has fundamental legal implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia, especially with the existence of discretion for judges and law enforcement officials to assess the possibility of changing the type of punishment based on the convicted person's remorse and efforts to reform themselves during the probation period.

The money market plays a vital role in the global financial architecture as a provider of short-term liquidity and a primary channel for monetary policy transmission. This research is motivated by the rapid transformation of financial instruments, which now encompass conventional and Sharia-compliant sectors, as well as digital innovations such as e-money and stablecoins. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of the money market, identify the diversity of modern instruments, and analyze their strategic role in economic stability through a qualitative literature review approach. The analysis shows that the money market is highly effective in managing bank cash reserves and controlling inflation by regulating the money supply. The presence of digital instruments has been proven to accelerate liquidity flows, while Sharia schemes provide transparent and equitable investment alternatives. However, the emergence of digital assets also brings challenges of volatility that require adaptive regulation and professional skepticism from market participants. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of synergy between monetary authorities and financial technology to address global disruption. Strengthening regulations on future instruments is expected to create a more inclusive and stable financial system that can respond precisely to economic shocks.

The results of the 2022 PISA indicate that science skills and interest in Indonesia are still low. One way to increase interest in science is by introducing inventor figure of science and techonology. However, alternative learning media that are communicative and relevant to adolescents' media consumption habits are needed. Therefore, this study aims to design a character design for an inventor in the field of science and technology for a Webtoon comic as an educational tool for adolescents aged 15–18. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was used to understand the needs and interests of the target audience and to gather information from the literature for scientific sources in designing the inventor character. The quantitative method was used as one of the character design evaluation criteria, based on voting results by adolescents aged 15–18. The character design used Marika Nieminen's principles: demographics, silhouette and shape, color, and characteristics. Several alternatives were used to generate character designs, which were then evaluated to determine the final design. The character design evaluation will be assessed using several variables within an evaluation framework.

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become a critical requirement in cybersecurity due to the high-stakes nature of security decision-making and the limitations of black-box learning models. This study investigates the construction of an explainable cybersecurity knowledge representation by leveraging standardized terminology from the NIST cybersecurity glossary. The primary problem addressed is the lack of transparent and semantically grounded reasoning mechanisms in existing AI-driven cybersecurity systems, which limits trust, accountability, and analyst adoption. To address this challenge, we propose a NIST-based semantic knowledge graph that embeds explainability directly into its ontology structure and reasoning process. The proposed framework systematically extracts definitional entities and relations from NIST glossary entries to construct a domain ontology and a multi-relational knowledge graph. A rule-based semantic relation extraction method is employed to ensure faithful, interpretable, and reproducible reasoning paths. The resulting knowledge graph contains over 3,000 cybersecurity concepts and approximately 27,000 semantic relations, covering hierarchical, associative, dependency, and mitigation semantics. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a high level of explainability, with 92.4% of reasoning outcomes being fully traceable and only 1.4% classified as non-traceable. Most explainable reasoning paths are limited to two or three hops, indicating an effective balance between inferential depth and human interpretability. Structural analysis further confirms the presence of meaningful hub concepts that support multi-hop semantic inference. These results confirm that ontology-driven, standard-based knowledge graphs provide a robust foundation for explainable cybersecurity intelligence. The study concludes that explainability-by-design, grounded in authoritative standards, offers a viable and trustworthy alternative to opaque AI models for cybersecurity applications.

This study aims to analyze the role of local Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in utilizing lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) as the main ingredient for mosquito repellent products and its contribution to improving the economy of the community in Timbang Jaya Village. Lemongrass contains essential oils that function as a natural insect repellent, making it a potential raw material for value-added products such as mosquito repellent sprays, aromatherapy candles, and herbal lotions. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings indicate that local MSMEs play a significant role in the production process, product innovation, and marketing of lemongrass-based products. Besides generating additional income, this development also creates new job opportunities and supports the village’s economic independence. However, several challenges remain, including limited capital, lack of processing technology skills, and competition with chemical-based products. The recommended solutions include capacity building through training and mentoring, better access to funding, and strengthening digital marketing strategies. Therefore, the development of mosquito repellent products from lemongrass by MSMEs not only contributes to the community’s economic growth but also provides an environmentally friendly alternative beneficial for public health.

Plastic waste management in rural areas, particularly in tourism villages, remains an environmental challenge that requires sustainable solutions. Negeri Tongging Village, as a tourism area around Lake Toba, has experienced an increase in household plastic waste that has not been managed optimally, potentially affecting environmental quality and community well-being. This community service activity aimed to enhance community awareness and capacity in plastic waste management through the implementation of a circular economy approach based on a waste exchange program and ecobrick production. A participatory approach was employed by actively involving the community in all stages of the activity, including socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The program was carried out during the 2025 Community Service Program of Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, consisting of circular economy socialization, collection of plastic waste through an exchange scheme with basic necessities, training on ecobrick production, and the provision of supporting facilities for environmental cleanliness. The results indicate an increase in community participation and environmental awareness, a reduction in improperly disposed plastic waste, and an improvement in community skills in processing plastic waste into useful products. In addition, the activity strengthened mutual cooperation and environmental responsibility among community members. In conclusion, the application of a circular economy approach through ecobrick-based activities can serve as an effective alternative solution for plastic waste management while simultaneously supporting sustainable community empowerment in rural tourism areas.

Natural fiber based composite materials are increasingly being developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fiber-based composites. This study aims to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of natural fiber composite materials and evaluate their potential use as sustainable materials. Composites are made using natural fibers as reinforcement and a polymer matrix through a specific molding method. Mechanical property characterization includes tensile tests, flexural tests, and impact tests, while thermal property characterization is carried out using thermal analysis to determine the thermal stability of the material. The test results show that the addition of natural fibers has a significant effect on improving the mechanical properties of the composite, especially tensile strength and elastic modulus, compared to the unreinforced matrix. In addition, natural fiber composites show quite good thermal stability over a certain temperature range, making them suitable for non-structural applications. Based on these results, natural fiber composite materials have the potential to be developed as environmentally friendly materials that have competitive mechanical and thermal performance.

In Indonesia, illegal gold mining (PETI) is still a persistent environmental crime, especially in resource-rich areas like Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The efficacy of local law enforcement is still in doubt, despite the fact that Article 158 of the modified Mining Law (Law No. 3 of 2020) offers a solid legal foundation for criminal penalties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of criminal law enforcement in Bungo Regency against PETI from the standpoint of Islamic law based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study uses a juridical-empirical approach, combining pertinent court rulings, field data from law enforcement, and normative legal analysis. The results show that although legal measures like arrests and convictions have been carried out, they have not had a major deterrent effect. The overall effect of enforcement operations is weakened by structural issues, such as the economic dependence of local populations, the scarcity of alternative livelihoods, and the difficulties of prosecuting informal financiers. According to maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, illicit mining is incompatible with the defense of basic principles, especially the preservation of life (ḥifḍ al-nafs), property (ḥifṢ al-māl), and environmental sustainability. The study comes to the conclusion that effective law enforcement necessitates an integrated strategy that combines preventive and rehabilitative tactics, such as economic empowerment, legal awareness campaigns, and regular supervision, with repressive measures. A more equitable, long-lasting, and socially conscious form of environmental criminal law enforcement is provided by combining positive law with the ethical framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.