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The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

The Gospel of Luke portrays Jesus as a universal Saviour who brings salvation to all people, regardless of race, social status, or culture. Through a narrative that emphasises love, inclusivity, and social justice, Luke shows that Jesus' mission is to save the lost, as written in Luke 19:10. Salvation in this gospel includes not only spiritual liberation from sin, but also social and physical transformation. In parables such as the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son, as well as His interaction with Zacchaeus, Jesus showed special concern for the poor, marginalised groups, and sinners. Jesus' inclusive approach transcends ethnic and cultural boundaries, affirming that salvation is available to all nations, as expressed in Luke 2:30-32 and Luke 1:50-55. Salvation in Luke includes life transformation that affects the heart, behaviour and social relationships. The gospel also emphasises that God's universal love drives the Church to be an inclusive community that serves all, regardless of background. Thus, Luke conveys a broad idea of salvation, which not only restores people's relationship with God, but also transforms the way we live together through love, justice and solidarity.

Maritime piracy has long been a significant threat to global shipping, with profound economic and legal implications. This journal explores the economic effects and legal actions associated with maritime piracy. The economic impact of piracy is substantial, costing the international economy between $7 billion and $12 billion annually. The rise in piracy has led to higher ransom demands, with some payments reaching record amounts, and has significantly increased the cost of maritime insurance, particularly in high-risk zones. From a legal perspective, the journal examines the evolution of piracy laws, highlighting the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and its definition of piracy. The legal framework under UNCLOS includes three main elements: acts committed for private ends, occurring on the high seas, and involving two ships. The journal also discusses the concept of universal jurisdiction, which allows any state to prosecute pirates, though prosecution must follow the domestic laws of the capturing state.The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced several conventions and initiatives, such as the Djibouti Code of Conduct, to enhance maritime security. This journal will focus on the economical effect and the suitable legal actions to punish and prevent the acts of piracy.

As a system, the law will run well when the system is connected and working actively. The practice of criminal acts of corruption that occurs in Indonesia is increasingly sophisticated, systematic and widespread at all levels of society which has an impact on the amount of state financial losses. Various statutory regulations have been attempted to eradicate corruption, namely Law Number 31 of 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 and the Government has even ratified several articles of the 2003 United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) through Law Number 7 of 2006. However, to date it is still unable and effective to enforce it in eradicating corruption. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has a system for dealing with corruption cases, namely Operation Arrest (OTT). anywhere in Indonesia. The type of research applied is normative legal research with a normative juridical approach, namely research carried out based on library materials which are secondary data. Based on the results of the research, it can be stated that in the politics of criminal law in dealing with criminal acts of corruption based on penal and non-penal policies, it is no longer effective in eradicating criminal acts of corruption which are detrimental to the country's finances and economy and the Corruption Eradication Commission's policy, which is included in one of its policies, is carrying out Hand Catch Operations, namely tapping. Tapping is the activity of listening, recording, deflecting, changing, inhibiting and recording the transmission of electronic information or electronic documents, whether using communication cable networks or wireless networks, such as electromagnetic radiation or radio frequency, including examining packages, postal mail, correspondence and other documents. Apart from that, the legal politics of dealing with criminal acts of corruption through Operation Capture of Arms, including the lack of regulations regarding wiretapping and entrapment carried out by the Corruption Eradication Commission, is vulnerable to violations of Human Rights (HAM), especially regarding entrapment, because entrapment is not recognized by law or as a criminal act. corruption in Indonesia.

The necessity of law in upholding the principles of the constitution, particularly in governing various aspects of people’s lives, notably its enforcement and impact on economic advancement, holds significant importance. Economic law emerged in response to the rapid expansion and progress of both domestic and global economies. Across nations, legal frameworks are utilized to regulate and supervise economic and socio-technical activities, ensuring that economic progression does not compromise individuals’ rights and welfare. The introduction of the Business Competition Law was aimed at fostering a competitive market economy, allowing for fair competition between economic entities and society. The primary objective of this legislation is to forestall monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. Through the enforcement of business competition law, the aspiration is to attain economic efficiency, leading to the enhancement of public welfare. Monopolistic activities contribute to economic disparities, adversely impacting societal harmony. For instance, collusion among businesses to dictate prices can harm consumers significantly. Essentially, a select few enterprises can engage in agreements to segment markets, control prices, regulate the quality and quantity of goods and services (through cartels), all geared towards maximizing profits swiftly. Such anti-competitive practices are unjust and disadvantageous to consumers. In the global context, fostering healthy business competition is crucial to preventing detrimental business practices and promoting fair economic competition.

This study discusses the application of universal jurisdiction in addressing piracy jure gentium based on international law. Universal jurisdiction allows a country to prosecute perpetrators of serious crimes, such as piracy, regardless of the crime's location or the nationality of the perpetrator and victim. Rooted in customary international law, which recognizes piracy as a threat to the collective interests of all nations, every country has the right and obligation to act against pirates. This research employs a normative legal approach, focusing on analyzing relevant international legal regulations. The findings indicate that the international legal framework, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), provides guidance for enforcing laws against piracy. However, while the principle of universal jurisdiction offers a solution, challenges such as a lack of international consensus on the definition of piracy, resource limitations in developing countries, and the need for stronger international cooperation hinder its implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of inter-state cooperation, including support from developed countries to developing nations, to enhance law enforcement capacity. Moreover, the application of universal jurisdiction contributes to international justice, where consistent law enforcement reflects the international community's commitment to protecting maritime safety and global trade. Thus, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application of universal jurisdiction in the context of piracy in international waters and its implications for the overall international legal system.

This study explores the international impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, focusing on its economic, political, and security dimensions. Economically, the conflict has disrupted global supply chains, especially in energy and agricultural sectors, causing price volatility and inflation worldwide. Politically, it has reshaped international alliances, with Western countries reinforcing NATO and imposing sanctions on Russia, while other nations maintain neutrality or align strategically. In the security sphere, the conflict has heightened tensions between major powers and triggered increased military spending globally. The study employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, analyzing primary and secondary sources such as policy documents, academic articles, and international reports. Recommendations include strengthening multilateral diplomacy to mediate the conflict and addressing the cascading economic and security effects through international cooperation. The study concludes that mitigating the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict requires comprehensive strategies that balance geopolitical interests and global stability.    

This study explores the political impacts of citizenship policy changes on Indonesia’s diplomatic relationships, particularly in the context of globalization and the movement of its diaspora. Indonesia currently maintains a single citizenship policy, preventing its citizens from holding dual nationality. This restriction often complicates the legal and emotional connections of Indonesians living abroad with their home country, while also limiting their economic contributions through remittances and investments. Conversely, many nations have adopted dual citizenship policies to maintain stronger connections with their diaspora and enhance their diplomatic influence. Using a qualitative approach with case studies focusing on countries with large Indonesian diasporas, such as Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, this research highlights the potential benefits of dual citizenship. The findings indicate that allowing dual citizenship could strengthen Indonesia’s diplomatic ties and increase economic contributions from overseas Indonesians. However, there are challenges to implementation, including concerns over divided loyalty and complexities in legal enforcement. This paper suggests that Indonesia consider a carefully controlled introduction of dual citizenship, taking into account legal protections, economic benefits, and the role of the diaspora in promoting Indonesia’s interests abroad.

Worm infections are a health concern in Indonesia and all other tropical nations. A number of species, including roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), hookworms (Hookworms), Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Strongyloides stercoralis, are members of the Soil Transmitted Helminth nematodes. Children in elementary school are among the age groups most vulnerable to Ascaris lumbricoides. Without a clean and healthy lifestyle, an Ascaris lumbricoides infection might have major repercussions. Research on the correlation between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and total immunoglobulin E levels in primary school students is therefore required. This study uses a cross-sectional, observational analytical design. Children at Lifuleo Village's elementary schools served as the research subjects. The ECLIA method was used to assess total immunoglobulin E levels, and the Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Ascaris lumbricoides infection under a microscope. An aberrant total immunoglobulin E level of 12.5% was observed in 42.5% of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, according to the examination results.

The crime of human trafficking is a form of modern human slavery. Apart from that, the criminal act of human trafficking is one of the worst forms of treatment that violates human dignity. The rise of human trafficking crimes in various countries, including Indonesia and other developing countries, is a problem in itself for Indonesia. The international community and members of international organizations, especially the United Nations (UN). The emergence of human trafficking often occurs when someone is vulnerable, among whom the victims are often women and children who are categorized as weak. This research is also descriptive analysis, descriptive analysis is an attempt to describe or describe events and happenings without carrying out hypotheses and statistical calculations. Analytical descriptive is what the respondent states in writing or orally, as well as their real behavior, which is researched and studied in its entirety. Data collection was carried out using a documentation study where all secondary data used in this research was collected using this research. This research was carried out using data collection tools, namely: literature study or document study.Prevention carried out by Immigration to prevent the Crime of Human Trafficking, namely Immigration can prevent the Crime of Human Trafficking by increasing monitoring at borders, tightening the provision of passports, especially for people who are still of productive age to prevent them from becoming victims of the Crime of Human Trafficking abroad, Immigration officers take effective anticipatory steps by conducting further and in-depth interviews with passport applicants before deciding whether to approve or reject the issuance of a passport, increasing officer training to recognize signs of victims of human trafficking crimes, collaborating with international institutions and non-governmental organizations in the campaign against the Crime of Human Trafficking, as well as involving the community in this prevention effort

Parental child abuse leading to mental illness is a form of physical, emotional, violence experienced by a child from a parent or guardian that adversely affects the child's mental well-being. It can include various forms of behaviors that degrade, humiliate, or emotionally or physically harm the child. Violence against a child is also one of the most dominant cases and is found anytime, anywhere, almost everywhere in all provinces in Indonesia. If this violence occurs against a child, it will have a negative impact on the child. The child will experience a sense of trauma, excessive fear, closure, silence, mental disorders, passive communication, and even physical disability if the violence is in the form of physical violence. This is very ironic, considering that children who are the next generation of the nation, should get parental love, guidance and loving education so that this study aims to prevent physical violence against children and the need for countermeasures, both from the government and from the family or parents of children. This study aims to identify the impact of parental violence on children's mental state and explore coping strategies. The importance of preventing physical and emotional violence against children requires collaborative efforts between the government, families, and communities. Effective coping strategies include social support from the surrounding environment, psychological interventions such as counseling and therapy, and education and training on positive parenting. Strict and comprehensive child protection policies are also necessary to create a safe and supportive environment for children's development. By raising awareness of the negative impact of violence and implementing appropriate coping strategies, it is hoped that children can grow and develop optimally, free from violence, and ready to become the next generation of physically and mentally healthy nations.

Bangladesh merupakan negara tujuan utama untuk menjadi tempat pengungsian dari etnis Rohingya. Kehidupan di kamp-kamp pengungsian di Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, sangat mengkhawatirkan akibat tingginya angka kekerasan berbasis gender yang terjadi. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sebagai salah satu badan dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) yang bertanggungjawab terhadap seluruh pengungsi di dunia hadir untuk memberikan solusi melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah Bangladesh dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) dalam mengatasi isu kekerasan berbasis gender. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana UNHCR menjalankan fungsi dan tanggung jawabnya di Bangladesh. Teori yang digunakan sebagai landasan adalah liberalisme internasional dan feminisme radikal. Hasil penelitian memberi gambaran, bahwa perlindungan bagi para pengungsi belum dapat dikatakan aman jika dilihat dari beberapa konflik yang telah terjadi hingga merenggut nyawa etnis Rohingya.

Entrepreneurship is strongly being touted as the way out of underdevelopment in low income countries. Joblessness, poverty and social instability are some of the main issues that have haunted least developed countries since the end of colonialism, however, political independence without economic freedom is not freedom at all. There are fears that nations may fail due to underdevelopment and high levels of unemployment. Studies have been conducted elsewhere and in Malawi too about how the SMEs sector has been performing over the years and results show that the performance has not been encouraging at all. Nevertheless, the search still is on regarding how best developing countries in general and Malawi in particular can utilise the models such entrepreneurial ecosystems that are working well in developed economies to try to change the local fortunes. The findings of the studies done locally compared to those done in developed economies have shown that Malawi is not doing well at all more especially policy wise. The Government is supporting MSMEs wholesale without properly scrutinizing the business that are high growth oriented because it lacks such a policy. The study based on literature review hence recommends appropriate steps that can address the lack of positive dividends from the funds that are being invested in these underachieving MSMEs.

Concern for sustainable development, but human rights are considered the most important issues that concern the world, and our dear country has witnessed many transformations in all fields and at different levels in the country, especially those that have a large majority in human rights, and we all know that Iraq has witnessed many challenges. After the events of 2003 until now, because the human being is the subject of the right and the rights, and the international community and the international and local organizations all insist on the activation, investigation and development of this right and the human rights.   Where we have not seen any mechanism of operational and investigative mechanisms, I must focus on the effects of the activation and non-activation of this right, and from this point of view, pay attention to the statement of what is meant by sustainable development and developments, and do not forget the role of the United Nations in promoting the cycle of sustainable development, with the basic statement Legal and comprehensive human rights, stating the position of the Iraqi legislator for the year 2005.

The Great Commission was the last message that gave by Jesus to His disciples before His ascension to heaven. It is an absolute command that must do by all believers who have faith in Christ. It also must be a cornerstone for evangelical activity. Goal of the great commission's activity is to share that salvation has provided in Jesus so since that is also God's grace and love it can be felt by everyone who give response and believe. To have a correct understanding so that capable to get the conclusion based on the truth, observation using exegetical method according to excavation from the original language could be support the discovery. The main purpose of Great Commission is "to make all the nations Christ's disciple." The process to make discipleship started by mission, followed by baptizing and teaching. The phrase of "to make all nations disciple" has meaning to make all nonJewish or people who unknown God, unbelievers, and gentiles, become Christ's followers. The Lord God willing to that all nations to be His disciples. Discipleship needs an obedience to produce multiplication from the devout of disciples themselves as well. Church or believers must realize to this mission (marturia) as the main task that must be done. l. Evangelism must be done immediately and become a lifestyle of all believers. Means that evangelism must be done anytime and anywhere. When believers don't do evangelism, then it proves that they don't care about the salvation of others. And when do not care about salvation of others, hence in this case church sinned. Sinned because of disobeying the Lord's commandment.

One of the main objectives of economic development in many nations, including Indonesia, is to improve societal welfare. Within this framework, zakat and waqf have great promise as Islamic social financial tools that alleviate poverty and inequality in society. With their solid theological and historical roots in Islamic tradition, zakat and waqf have long been employed to promote social and economic prosperity. Nonetheless, there are a number of obstacles facing the collection and administration of zakat and waqf in Indonesia, including poor public confidence in zakat management organisations and a lack of public awareness of the duties associated with zakat and the advantages of waqf. Using a SWOT analysis, this study intends to examine the roles that zakat and waqf play in enhancing societal wellbeing. The strengths, limitations, possibilities, and dangers encountered in the management of zakat and waqf are identified in this analysis, which also offers strategic recommendations to maximise the potential of zakat and waqf in promoting social and economic development. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will significantly aid in the creation of zakat and waqf management methods and policies that are more effective and efficient.

This article discusses the importance of reaching mutually beneficial solutions in international conflicts, focusing on negotiation and mediation as key elements. Negotiation allows both parties to resolve each other's differences, while mediation facilitates dialogue and promotes compromise. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and case approach to analyze relevant laws and regulations related to the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary, using the technique of collecting legal materials for literature studies. These disputes also impact social, political, economic, and environmental life, and both countries must accept the consequences of the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime dispute, such as dispute resolution costs, potential conflicts, and environmental impacts. The results of this study show that negotiations aim to achieve mutually beneficial solutions by providing a forum for communication, identifying common interests, constructive negotiations, and dialogue with regional, national, or international organizations such as the United Nations. Meanwhile, mediation plays an important role in reaching mutually beneficial solutions, assisting effective communication, information and education, claims actions, compromises, facilitating the negotiation process, and reaching mutual agreements.    

Language is a need for everyone. Language is also an element of culture and a symbol for a person to communicate all needs. For the Indonesian people, Indonesian has a very important position because Indonesian is the national language and state language. Indonesian as the national language as a nation was built on the basis of ethnic and cultural diversity, Indonesia has good capital in fostering a sense of nationalism and strengthening national identity through the use of Indonesian. The existence of the Indonesian language, which is the identity of the Indonesian nation in the current era of globalization, needs to be fostered and socialized by every Indonesian citizen. This is necessary so that the Indonesian people are not carried away by foreign influences and culture that are not in accordance with the language and culture of the Indonesian people. The influence of such sophisticated communication tools must be faced by maintaining the identity of the Indonesian nation, including the identity of the Indonesian language. This all concerns the discipline of speaking the national language, by complying with all the rules or regulations for using the Indonesian language. Globalization affects all aspects of life, including language. The increasingly global language used by all nations in the world is English, which has more than one billion users.

World Handwashing Day with Soap is a global campaign launched by the United Nations in collaboration with other organizations, both government and private, to promote the behavior of washing hands with soap by the public as an effort to reduce the mortality rate of children under five and prevent diseases that can have an impact on decreasing the quality of human life. Hand washing is the most important basic technique in the prevention and control of infections. Almost everyone understands the importance of washing hands with soap, but there are still many who do not get used to doing it right at the crucial moment. People will be able to increase their knowledge of healthy living wherever they are if they are aware, motivated and supported by information and health facilities and infrastructure. The results of the initial assessment at SD Negeri Meteseh Semarang found that 67% of students of SD Negeri Meteseh had experienced diarrhea, 66% of students did not know the meaning of diarrhea, 80% of students did not know about the causes of diarrhea, 81% of students did not know the signs and symptoms of diarrhea, 75% of students did not wash their hands before and after bowel movements and bowel movements, 78% of students did not wash their hands with soap. Washing hands with soap is very important as one way to prevent diarrhea, a WHO study of washing hands using soap can reduce the incidence of diarrhea by 47%. Based on the results of the study, interviews and observations while at SD Negeri Meteseh, the idea to conduct health counseling came up, namely washing hands with soap through providing direct information to all residents of SD Negeri Meteseh through the program "Wash Your Hands and Kill Your Germs". It is hoped that with this program, especially children at SD Negeri Meteseh will have a good habit, namely washing their hands with soap to kill germs that lodged in their hands and positive support from the school as a form of community service of STIKES Kesdam IV / Diponegoro Semarang.

The State of Indonesia is a state of law, which means that all legal regulations in force in the State of Indonesia must be obeyed by citizens and state administrators. However, in fact, there are still many legal regulations that are violated by citizens and state administrators, such as in cases of corruption. Corruption in Indonesia is very rampant from year to year. Therefore, it is necessary to enforce the law on corruption in order to realize upholding the rule of law, upholding justice and realizing peace in society. However, it is very worrying, it turns out that the law enforcement of corruption in Indonesia is classified as very weak. This can be seen from the fact that there are still many lawmakers or law enforcers themselves who commit acts of corruption. The formulation of regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption is a long process that has been going on since the issuance of Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulations on February 26, 1946 which made the legal basis for changing Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Netherlands Indie to Wetboek van Strafrecht (WvS), which later known as the Criminal Code. Until now, the regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption are still undergoing changes, with the latest amendments being through Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes and Law Number 7 of 2006 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption , 2003 (United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2003). From the long journey of formulating regulations regarding criminal acts of corruption, it turns out that legal loopholes are still found, especially in the regulation regarding criminal acts of corruption, bribery and gratuities.