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Tanah ekspansif merupakan salah satu jenis tanah bermasalah yang memiliki potensi kembang–susut tinggi akibat perubahan kadar air, sehingga dapat menurunkan stabilitas konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan zeolit terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah ekspansif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan variasi kadar zeolit sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% terhadap berat kering tanah. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi batas Atterberg, pemadatan, dan kuat tekan bebas (UCS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan zeolit mampu menurunkan indeks plastisitas tanah serta meningkatkan nilai berat isi kering maksimum dan kuat tekan bebas. Nilai UCS tertinggi diperoleh pada campuran zeolit 15%, yang menunjukkan adanya kadar optimum dalam proses stabilisasi. Peningkatan kekuatan tanah terjadi akibat proses pertukaran ion dan reaksi pozzolanik yang membentuk struktur tanah lebih padat dan stabil. Secara keseluruhan, zeolit memiliki potensi sebagai bahan stabilisasi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan efektif untuk memperbaiki karakteristik tanah ekspansif.

Bendungan Cabean direncanakan untuk mendukung kebutuhan air irigasi, penyediaan air baku, serta pengendalian banjir di wilayah hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung debit banjir rencana pada Bendungan Cabean, Kabupaten Blora, sebagai dasar perencanaan infrastruktur pengendali banjir. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data curah hujan maksimum 14 tahun dari tiga stasiun hujan, yang diolah melalui analisis hujan rata-rata, penentuan distribusi frekuensi, serta uji kesesuaian menggunakan Chi-Kuadrat dan Smirnov–Kolmogorov. Distribusi Log Pearson Tipe III terpilih sebagai metode paling sesuai untuk menentukan hujan rencana pada kala ulang 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, dan 100 tahun. Hujan rencana kemudian dikonversi menjadi curah hujan efektif dengan memperhitungkan koefisien limpasan DAS, dan dihitung debit banjir rencana menggunakan metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik (HSS) Nakayasu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan debit puncak meningkat seiring bertambahnya kala ulang, yaitu Q2 = 16.169  m³/s; Q5 =20.325 m³/s; Q10 =23.086 m³/s; Q25 =26.535 m³/s; Q50=29.106 m³/s; Q100 =31.666 m³/s.

Mie basah bebas gluten umumnya memiliki kandungan protein yang relatif rendah karena didominasi oleh bahan berpati, sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan nilai gizi tanpa menurunkan tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung ikan teri medan (Stolephorus sp.) terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten serta mengetahui karakteristik kimia pada perlakuan terbaik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat taraf penambahan tepung ikan teri medan, yaitu P0 (0 g), P1 (5 g), P2 (10 g), dan P3 (15 g). Tingkat kesukaan dinilai oleh 40 panelis pada parameter warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur menggunakan uji hedonik. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Perlakuan terbaik ditentukan menggunakan metode indeks efektivitas dan selanjutnya dianalisis secara proksimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesukaan mie basah bebas gluten. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada P1 (5 g) berdasarkan nilai indeks efektivitas tertinggi. Hasil analisis kimia pada P1 menunjukkan kadar air 37,33%, kadar abu 1,71%, kadar lemak 3,34%, kadar protein 9,76%, dan kadar karbohidrat 47,86%. Kadar protein telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu mie basah berdasarkan SNI 2987:2015, meskipun kadar air masih melebihi standar. Penambahan tepung ikan teri medan berpotensi meningkatkan nilai gizi mie basah bebas gluten dengan tetap mempertahankan tingkat penerimaan konsumen.

Sosis merupakan produk olahan populer di berbagai kalangan masyarakat yang sebagian besar menggunakan bahan baku daging sapi dan ayam yang harganya relatif mahal, hal tersebut  mendorong perlunya diversifikasi menggunakan sumber protein lain, seperti ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan pure kedelai terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori sosis ikan lumi-lumi (Harpodon nehereus). Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan enam taraf perlakuan perbandingan ikan lumi-lumi dan pure kedelai, yaitu K0 (300g:0g), K1 (250g:50g), K2 (200g:100g), K3 (150g:150g), K4 (100g:200g), dan K5 (50g:250g). Parameter yang diuji meliputi kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat, tekstur (penetrometer), dan uji organoleptik (hedonik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pure kedelai berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter. Seiring meningkatnya proporsi pure kedelai, kadar air menurun (72,60% hingga 66,66%), kadar lemak menurun (5,14% hingga 0,37%), dan kadar protein menurun (7,17% hingga 4,37%). Sebaliknya, kadar abu meningkat (1,27% hingga 1,86%), kadar karbohidrat meningkat (13,80% hingga 26,72%), dan nilai tekstur meningkat (17,39 N/s hingga 18,48 N/s) yang mengindikasikan sosis semakin kenyal. Berdasarkan uji sensori, perlakuan K3 (150g ikan : 150g kedelai) merupakan formulasi terbaik yang paling disukai panelis dengan skor tertinggi pada atribut warna (3,60), aroma (3,48), tekstur (3,44), rasa (3,28), dan penerimaan keseluruhan (3,62). Secara umum penambahan pure kedelai efektif meningkatkan karakteristik fisikokimia dan penerimaan sensori sosis ikan lumi-lumi.  

Nanas merupakan unggulan kedua yang di ekspor Indonesia setelah buah manggis pada 22 tahun lalu, volume ekspor nanas pada tahun 2004 sebesar 2.431.263 kilogram atau mengalami peningkatan sebesar 6,4 % dari tahun -tahun sebelumnya, permintaan ekspor nanas yang cukup tinggi merupakan pendorong bagi produksi nanas dalam negeri yang mampu bersaing dengan nanas negara lain. Seperti halnya produk pertanian lainnya, karakteristik buah nanas adalah mudah rusak dan pemanfaatannya lebih banyak sebagai makanan penutup mulut karena rasanya yang segar. Potensi penganeka ragaman produk pangan dengan bahan baku sebenarnya cukup banyak namun sampai dengan saat ini masih belum berkembang. Oleh sebab itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan memanfaatkan ektrak buah nanas melalui fermentasi bakteri Acetobacter Xylinum untuk membentuk polisakarida akstraseluler (nata) sebagai hidangan non energi yang biasa kita kenal Nata de pina, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak buah nanas untuk dijadikan hidangan Nata de pina. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nata de pina memiliki nilai pH sebesar 4,7 dan kadar air sebesar 98,08% sudah memenuhi syarat mutu berdasar SNI nata. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap 30 panelis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar panelis menyukai rasa, warna, aroma, dan tekstur Nata de pina yang dihasilkan.

Tape ketan putih merupakan produk pangan fermentasi tradisional yang dibuat melalui proses fermentasi beras ketan menggunakan ragi tape. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis kemasan daun dan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan organoleptik tape ketan putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu jenis kemasan daun (K) (daun pisang, daun jati dan daun jambu air) dan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga telang (B) (0,5%; 1%; dan 1,5%) dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar gula, pH, serta uji organoleptik warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur. Data analisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jenis kemasan dan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga telang berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik tape ketan putih. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada kemasan daun pisang dengan penambahan ekstrak bunga telang 0,5% yang menghasilkan pH dan kadar gula yang sesuai dan tingkat penerimaan panelis tertinggi.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

Land-use changes dominated by impervious surfaces in residential areas reduce the natural infiltration capacity of the soil and increase surface runoff, which may lead to flooding and waterlogging. This study aimed to design a rainwater infiltration well system as an effort to reduce surface runoff in Samudera Afroza 3 Housing Estate, Jambi City. A quantitative approach was employed through field surveys, hydrological analysis, soil permeability testing, GIS-based land-use analysis, and infiltration well design in accordance with SNI 8456:2017 and SNI 03-2453-2002 standards. Rainfall analysis was conducted using maximum daily rainfall data from 2014–2023, applying several probability distributions, with the Gumbel distribution identified as the most representative model. The results revealed that the residential area covers 8,104 m², with 91.84% of the land occupied by built-up surfaces, resulting in limited natural infiltration capacity. The average soil permeability value of 0.00024 m/s indicates favorable conditions for the implementation of infiltration wells. Based on the design calculations, 41 Type III infiltration wells are required, providing a total storage capacity of 289.665 m³ and an infiltration discharge of 0.0919 m³/s. The proposed infiltration well system is capable of reducing runoff volumes by 15.044%, 12.486%, and 11.223% for 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year return periods, respectively. Therefore, infiltration wells can be considered an effective alternative for water conservation and runoff management in residential areas.

Analyzing the freshwater needs on Landing Platform Dock (LPD) type ships in the Amphibious Unit of Koarmada II, with a focus on the implementation of the Reverse Osmosis (RO) system to supply freshwater at sea. The problem faced is the limited supply of freshwater on ships operating far from external freshwater sources. This study uses a qualitative approach with interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection methods. The results of the study indicate that the RO system can improve the efficiency of freshwater supply, although technical challenges such as maintenance and crew training still need to be addressed. Optimal implementation of the RO system can support the logistical independence of the ship during long-term operations in remote waters. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of freshwater supply systems on Indonesian warships.

Tebet Eco Park is one of the green open spaces (GOS) in South Jakarta that plays an important role in supporting environmental health and urban public health. This study aims to analyze the environmental health conditions at Tebet Eco Park through direct observation of environmental cleanliness, air quality, water quality, waste management, sanitation facilities, and visitor comfort. The research employed a descriptive method using field observations and a literature review approach. The findings indicate that the overall environmental health condition of Tebet Eco Park is relatively good. The presence of diverse vegetation contributes to improving air quality and creating a cool and comfortable environment. Supporting facilities such as sports areas, playgrounds, pet-friendly zones, and drinking water refill stations also contribute to the physical and social well-being of the community. However, several issues were still identified, including poor water quality in the park’s ponds and improper waste disposal by some visitors. Therefore, more effective environmental management and increased public awareness are needed to ensure that the ecological and social functions of Tebet Eco Park can be sustained in the long term.

Background: South Tangerang City has experienced an increase in the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years old over the past three years. In 2023, South Tangerang City prevalence of the incidence of diarrhea in under five years old 17,68%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the distribution of diarrhea incidence in children under five years old based on risk factors through a spatial analysis approach in South Tangerang City in 2023. Methods: This study employs a quantitative, descriptive approach with an ecological design. The study was conducted from November 1, 2024, to July 31, 2025. The population and sample of this study consist of all seven sub-districts in South Tangerang City in 2023, using a total sampling technique. The variables studied included diarrhea incidence in children under five years old, population density, safe sanitation access, supervised drinking water facilities according to standards, and vitamin A supplementation coverage. Secondary data was obtained from the Health Department and the Central Statistics Agency of South Tangerang City in 2023. Results: The study results showed that in 2023, Pamulang Subdistrict had the highest number of diarrhea incidences in children under five years old. The area is also known to have a very high population density, safe sanitation access that is still below the national target, the percentage of supervised drinking water facilities and vitamin A coverage that has reached the national target. Conclusion: Most subdistricts in South Tangerang City in 2023 have high and low rates of diarrhea in children under five years old, and safe sanitation access is still below the national target.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀ ekstrak etanol 70% daun trembesi ( Samanea saman ) serta mengklasifikasikan tingkat toksisitasnya menggunakan metode Reed-Muench dan analisis probit. Uji toksisitas dilakukan terhadap larva Artemia salina sebagai organisme uji dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 10, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, dan 10.000 ppm. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kematian larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan persentase kematian larva, yang mengindikasikan adanya hubungan dosis-respons yang jelas. Perhitungan menggunakan metode Reed-Muench dan analisis probit menghasilkan nilai LC50 sebesar 100,46 ppm. Berdasarkan klasifikasi toksisitas metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori toksik sedang (moderatelytoxic). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% daun trembesi memiliki aktivitas biologi yang signifikan terhadap organisme uji. Dengan demikian, ekstrak ini berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif, namun tetap memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut terkait keamanan dan aplikasinya.

Lead (Pb²⁺) is a hazardous heavy metal commonly found in industrial wastewater and poses serious risks to human health and the environment due to its toxic and non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, an effective and environmentally friendly treatment method is required to reduce Pb²⁺ concentration in wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration on the adsorption capacity of ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea) bioadsorbent activated with NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted using a batch system with pH variations of 4, 5, and 7 and initial Pb²⁺ concentrations of 20, 25, and 30 mg/L. The residual Pb²⁺ concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and the adsorption performance was evaluated based on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (Qe). The results showed that pH and initial Pb²⁺ concentration significantly affected the adsorption performance. The optimum adsorption condition was obtained at pH 5, with a maximum removal efficiency of 99.20% and a total adsorption capacity of 18.56 mg/g. The increase in pH from 4 to 5 enhanced adsorption performance due to reduced competition between H⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions for active sites on the adsorbent surface. Increasing the initial Pb²⁺ concentration tended to increase adsorption capacity, although removal efficiency remained relatively stable due to the limited number of active adsorption sites. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values ranged from 1.56% to 3.37%, indicating good precision and repeatability of the experimental data. These findings demonstrate that NaOH-activated ramie leaves have considerable potential as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly bioadsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from wastewater.

This study aims to formulate an engineering strategy for water quality management and pollution control in the Tiku Sub-watershed, North Musi Rawas Regency. The study used a descriptive approach by integrating selected technical data from a dissertation-based assessment with semi-structured interviews involving 20 key informants representing technical agencies, village and subdistrict governments, community leaders, artisanal and small-scale gold mining actors, farmers, and riverbank communities. The analysis focused on water quality status, water availability and demand, pollution sources, perceived impacts, implementation constraints, and priority interventions. The results showed that the Tiku Sub-watershed is under significant environmental pressure. The average pollution index was 6.65, indicating a moderately polluted status, while mercury, cadmium, phosphate, and ammonia were the dominant parameters of concern. Surface water availability remained relatively adequate at 45,842,699.79 m3/year, and the average Criticality Ratio was 0.266; however, the water pollution carrying capacity was poor. Interview results indicated that mercury use and processing waste from artisanal gold mining were the most urgent issue (35%), followed by land-cover change and riparian degradation. The recommended strategy combines mercury-free processing technology, alternative livelihood development, cross-sectoral supervision, riparian rehabilitation, and transparent water-quality monitoring. The findings imply that watershed engineering should integrate technical, institutional, and socio-economic interventions.

The rapid population growth in urban areas has caused various complex problems, such as congestion, air pollution, and the high use of private vehicles, so that it becomes a challenge in realizing sustainable cities and settlements. Public transportation is present as one of the solutions in overcoming these problems because it can increase community mobility and reduce negative impacts on the environment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), TransJakarta, and Electric Rail Trains (KRL) in supporting the achievement of SDGs 11 Sustainable Cities and Settlements. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results show that the MRT and KRL contribute to efforts to reduce carbon emissions and congestion, TransJakarta excels in the aspect of cost affordability while the LRT plays a role in improving urban connectivity efficiently. Thus, public transportation palas an important role in realizing sustainable cities and settlements with the integration between modes of public transportation which is the main factor in supporting the achievement of SDGs 11 optimally.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas ekstrak etanol daun trembesi (Samanea saman) terhadap larva Artemia salina menggunakan pendekatan Reed-Muench dan analisis probit. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada pentingnya pengujian toksisitas sebagai tahap awal dalam mengevaluasi keamanan dan potensi bioaktivitas senyawa bahan alam. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji toksisitas BSLT dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak diikuti dengan pengamatan jumlah kematian larva, kemudian dihitung nilai LC₅₀ menggunakan dua pendekatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan dosis-respons dimana peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak menyebabkan peningkatan mortalitas larva. Nilai LC₅₀ yang diperoleh sebesar 332,86 ppm dengan metode Reed-Muench dan 384,7689 ppm dengan analisis probit. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut ekstrak etanol daun trembesi tergolong dalam kategori toksik sedang (moderat). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak memiliki aktivitas biologis yang nyata dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif di bidang farmasi khususnya sebagai kandidat agen sitotoksik.

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital anomaly requiring early diagnosis and prompt surgical correction. Gross type D esophageal atresia, characterized by both proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistulas, is an exceedingly rare variant that poses significant diagnostic and operative challenges. We report a case of a full-term female neonate with a birth weight of 3,200 grams who presented with hypersalivation since the first day of life, accompanied by coughing and choking during feeding. Orogastric tube insertion failed, with the tube arrested at approximately 15 cm. The patient was referred with a diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia and suspected esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Physical examination revealed tachypnea, chest wall retraction, and respiratory distress requiring ventilatory support. Babygram demonstrated the orogastric tube tip arrested at the proximal esophageal pouch with distal gastrointestinal air. Contrast esophagography confirmed proximal esophageal atresia at the upper thoracic level with suspected proximal fistula. Associated findings included bilateral pneumonia, right upper lobe atelectasis, and vertebral anomalies suggestive of VACTERL association. Intraoperative findings confirmed Gross type D esophageal atresia with proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistulas. Both fistulas were excised, followed by primary esophageal anastomosis and transanastomotic nasogastric tube placement. Gross type D esophageal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in neonates presenting with hypersalivation, failed orogastric tube insertion, and respiratory distress. Anatomical subtype confirmation relies on intraoperative findings. Early surgical repair can be performed successfully; however, associated anomalies necessitate careful long-term follow-up.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi tingkat toksisitas ekstrak etanol 90% daun trembesi (Samanea saman) terhadap larva udang (Artemia salina) menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dengan pendekatan Reed-Muench dan analisis probit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Larva Artemia salina digunakan sebagai organisme uji karena memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap senyawa toksik dan sering digunakan sebagai indikator awal aktivitas bioaktif. Ekstrak diuji pada berbagai konsentrasi bertingkat untuk mengamati persentase mortalitas larva setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan jumlah kematian larva, yang mengindikasikan adanya hubungan dosis-respons yang jelas. Nilai LC₅₀ yang diperoleh dengan metode Reed-Muench adalah sebesar 567,02 ppm, sedangkan dengan analisis probit diperoleh nilai LC₅₀ sebesar 581,0319 ppm. Perbedaan nilai ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan pendekatan analisis, di mana metode probit dinilai lebih akurat karena melibatkan transformasi statistik yang lebih kompleks. Berdasarkan klasifikasi toksisitas BSLT, nilai LC₅₀ sebesar 581,0319 ppm termasuk dalam kategori sangat toksik (LC₅₀ < 30 ppm). Tingginya tingkat toksisitas ekstrak diduga berkaitan dengan kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 90% daun trembesi memiliki potensi bioaktivitas yang tinggi dan berpeluang untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif dalam bidang farmasi maupun bioteknologi.

As a maritime nation with vast sea territories, Indonesia faces significant challenges in safeguarding its waters, particularly in strategic regions such as the Natuna Sea. This area is vulnerable to various threats, including territorial violations, marine resource theft, and illegal underwater activities. This study aims to formulate a concept for the utilization of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as an alternative solution to enhance underwater security systems in the region. The method employed is Research and Development (R&D), adopting model development steps and complemented by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AUVs in the context of Indonesian maritime defense. The research findings indicate that the main strength of AUVs lies in their technological capability to effectively detect underwater threats. Although they have weaknesses, such as high operational costs, dependency on imported components, and limitations in battery endurance and sonar capabilities, these factors do not significantly hinder AUV effectiveness. Major opportunities arise from global technological advancements, yet challenges remain due to insufficient government policy support. The threats faced include the risk of sabotage and extreme weather conditions. Therefore, the recommended strategies are to maximize the use of technology, strengthen supporting regulations, and address logistical and financial barriers to realize effective and sustainable AUV operations in the Natuna Sea.

The physical work environment in the Aerosol Production Department of PT XYZ experienced problems related to excessive room temperatures reaching 37.3°C and chemical odor pollution caused by vapor recirculation from the coating oven process. These conditions potentially reduced operator comfort and concentration. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Kaizen approach through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in controlling production room temperature and improving air quality. A quantitative descriptive method with an Action Research approach was employed. Problem identification and root cause analysis were conducted using the 7 QC Tools, particularly the Pareto Diagram and Fishbone Diagram. Improvement actions included the installation of turbine ventilators, aluminum foil roof insulation, and a 3-meter vertical exhaust ducting system. The results showed that the average room temperature decreased from 34.6°C to 27.4°C, representing a reduction of 7.2°C, while the peak daytime temperature decreased by 8.7°C and met the established threshold limit value. In addition, chemical odor pollution was completely eliminated. Therefore, the Kaizen-PDCA approach proved effective in improving the physical work environment sustainably.