Publication Search

The postpartum period is a vulnerable phase often accompanied by lactation problems, particularly ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. These conditions may reduce maternal comfort, inhibit the let-down reflex, and increase the risk of failure in exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, safe, practical, and comprehensive non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed. This Final Nursing Project aims to describe the implementation of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education to improve maternal comfort and enhance breast milk flow in postpartum mothers. This study employed a case study method using a nursing care approach involving two postpartum mothers who experienced ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. The interventions were provided for three days and included cabbage leaf compresses and education on breastfeeding techniques. Evaluation focused on breastfeeding ability, pain level, breast condition, maternal comfort, and milk production. The results showed improvement in breastfeeding ability, indicated by the mothers’ ability to correctly demonstrate proper positioning and latch-on techniques. Infants appeared calmer during feeding, and the duration of breastfeeding increased to approximately 10 minutes per breast. Pain scores decreased from 5 to 0–3, breast tension was reduced, and maternal comfort improved. It can be concluded that the application of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education is effective in improving breast milk flow and maternal comfort in postpartum mothers and can be recommended as an independent nursing intervention in maternity practice.

Facies analysis and thin-section petrography are complementary and essential approaches for determining the lithological characteristics of deep-water deposits. Deep-water sediments are formed by diverse depositional processes such as turbidity currents, debris flows, slumps, and pelagic suspension settling, producing a wide range of lithofacies with distinctive textural, compositional, and sedimentary structural attributes. This literature review synthesizes studies that apply facies analysis and thin-section petrography to characterize deep-water deposits across various basins and geological ages worldwide. Field-based facies analysis emphasizes lithology, sedimentary structures, bed geometry, and vertical–lateral facies relationships to reconstruct depositional environments. In contrast, thin-section petrography provides microscopic insights into mineral composition, grain texture, cement types, porosity, and diagenetic features that are not observable in the field. The integration of these methods, often combined with advanced techniques such as XRD, SEM, and geochemical analyses, has proven effective in distinguishing lithofacies, understanding sedimentary processes, and evaluating reservoir quality. The review highlights that grain size, sorting, cement type, pore-throat size, and diagenetic processes are key controls on lithological characteristics and reservoir potential in deep-water systems. Therefore, the combined application of facies analysis and thin-section petrography provides a comprehensive framework for interpreting deep-water sedimentary systems.

Thomas Aquinas was a major figure in the Era of Scholasticism in the Middle Ages, who was very influential and famous for driving the Western world's resistance to Augustine and Plato's teachings on Eastern mysticism that are still preserved. According to Thomas Aquinas, faith and reason are processes in Christian philosophy. However, please note that this is not possible due to a limitation of reason. Although reason does not transcend mystery, reason can facilitate the understanding of the mystery of God, whereas faith is an intermediary to bridge man's mind with God. Although mystery can overcome the intellect, the two are complementary understandings. Thus, Thomas concludes that two kinds of knowledge do not contradict each other, but that stand side by side, namely natural knowledge, which is based on rare intellect and has things of a general human nature as its object, and the knowledge of faith, which is based on revelation and has divine truth, which is in the scriptures, as its object. Thomas himself provided 5 proofs that God is always there.

Diarrhea is a condition characterized by increased frequency of bowel movements (BAB) of ≥3 times/day with a more liquid consistency. Diarrhea can be caused by infectious or non-infectious agents. Diarrhea can occur acutely, lasting less than 2 weeks, or chronically, lasting more than 2 weeks. The prevalence of diarrhea in toddlers is 12.3% and in infants is 10.6%.3 Based on data from the Medan City Health Office, the incidence of diarrhea in 2023 is estimated to be 66,802 cases across all ages and 32,324 cases in toddlers, with almost half of diarrhea sufferers being children. The Medan City Health Office reported the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers was 2,894 cases and adults 14,112 cases, or approximately 20.5%. Parents are one of the closest people and act as caregivers for children, so they have a crucial role in controlling diarrhea in children, including early management and prevention. Good parental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding the management and prevention of diarrhea can reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in children.

In conveying messages, speakers use utterances. Utterances are forms of speech that contain various communicative functions according to the context and purpose of communication. Speech acts are the main element in verbal interactions that reflect social actions in the form of speech. Speech acts are actions manifested in the form of speech that have a special meaning. One type of speech act is the illocutionary speech act. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts in negotiation texts in the revised edition of Indonesian language books. This research method uses qualitative descriptions and pragmatic analysis. Data collection in this study uses reading and note-taking techniques and purposive sampling. Based on the data analysis, the author has identified 171 illocutionary speech acts, including assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Based on the research, the author found that assertive, directive, and expressive speech acts predominate. Commissive speech acts numbered twenty-seven, and declarative speech acts numbered the least, namely seven. This research is expected to provide students with an understanding of the types of illocutionary speech acts, enhance their knowledge, and enable them to use them effectively and correctly.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Globally, DM continues to pose a growing health challenge, particularly type 2 DM, which is closely associated with insulin resistance. In this condition, body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin, so even though the pancreas initially produces sufficient or excessive amounts of insulin, its effectiveness gradually declines. Over time, pancreatic beta-cell function deteriorates, further exacerbating chronic hyperglycemia. This persistent condition may lead to long-term complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The prevalence of type 2 DM is expected to continue rising, including in Indonesia, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies. An important aspect of DM management is the assessment of health-related quality of life. Quality of life reflects an individual’s perception of their health status within social and cultural contexts. This can be evaluated using generic instruments such as the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In this case report, the quality of life of a patient with type 2 DM was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s impact on the patient’s daily life.

Learning English as a Foreign Language English as a Foreign Language still faces various linguistic and psychological challenges, both in school-age and adult learners, such as limited vocabulary mastery, pronunciation difficulties, and low confidence in the use of English orally. This condition is exacerbated by affective factors in the form of anxiety and fear of making mistakes. This article aims to examine the use of songs as a learning medium that is able to create a fun learning atmosphere, while improving learners' English skills. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of semi-structured interviews to explore learners' perceptions and experiences related to the effectiveness of songs in English language learning. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of learning experiences, especially in terms of vocabulary mastery, classroom atmosphere, and confidence level. The results showed that the integration of songs in English learning was highly motivating in the active involvement of learners. Where the repetition of lyrics combined with melodies helps to strengthen vocabulary retention in long-term memory, as well as facilitate the imitation of pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm of language naturally. At the same time, it creates a relaxed and fun learning atmosphere, thereby lowering psychological barriers as described in the Affective Filter Hypothesis. Thus, songs are an integrative learning medium that is effective in bridging the academic needs and emotional comfort of learners, and is relevant to support the development of listening and speaking skills in English learning across ages.

Marshmallow is one of the confectionery product that made from gelatin and sugar that have the weakness of lacking nutrients but favored by people of all ages. Bee pollen can be the one of natural addition that can enrich the nutrient in marshmallows. The aim of this study was to evaluate bee pollen addition with different concentrations reviewed from physicochemical and organoleptic test of marshmallows. Tresearch method used was a experimental using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Four treatments were applied: P0 (without bee pollen addition), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), and P3 (15%). The study resulted significant differences (P<0.01) in water activity, texture, Lab color, ash content, reducing sugar, antioxidant activity, color, aroma, dan overall organoleptic acceptance, and no significant differences (P>0.05) in moisture content and organoleptic texture. The values resulted increased in moisture content (36.85-37.64%), color a* (0.14-3.38), color b* (25.39-33.27), ash content (0.806-2.404%), reducing sugar (0.372-6.677%), and decreased in antioxidant activity (92.96-503.92 mg/ml) and fluctuated in water activity (0.74-0.86), texture (0.68-1.16 N), and color L* (79.70-91.92). The results of the organoleptic test were still acceptable up to treatment P3. Overall, this study resulted the best results in treatment P3 with a bee pollen concentrations of 15% to increase the nutritional content of marshmallows.

This study aims to analyze the development of elementary school students (ages 8–9) in terms of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual aspects. The research subjects were two third-grade students named Dinul Mumtaz (8 years old) and Alfatir Ramadhan Hendri (9 years old). This study used a qualitative approach, with observation and interviews as the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that both students show physical development appropriate for their age, with well-developed fine and gross motor skills. In the cognitive aspect, both have reached the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to solve tasks using concrete objects. In terms of emotional and social development, Dinul and Alfatir demonstrate the ability to recognize and manage emotions, as well as build positive social relationships with peers and teachers. Moral development shows that both students are in the heteronomous and early conventional stages, where they obey rules due to authority and a desire to gain social approval. Meanwhile, in the spiritual aspect, both students demonstrate good religious habits and an understanding of spiritual values reflected in their daily behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of both students is in a good category and in accordance with child development theories, supported by positive influences from family and school environments.

The United States is often called the "land of the free" and the "land of opportunity," but its history is also rife with discrimination and injustice. This abstract explains how racism and inequality have shaped American society throughout the ages. This discrimination began with the system of slavery imposed on African Americans in the 17th century. This system not only took away their freedom but also placed them in a highly unfair situation. After slavery ended, discrimination persisted through Jim Crow laws, which allowed for racial segregation in areas such as education, transportation, and public services. Additionally, other groups such as Native Americans, Asian immigrants, and Latino communities also faced oppression. Native Americans' ancestral lands were confiscated, and they were forced to relocate to reservations. Asian immigrants experienced unfair treatment, including bans on entry and exclusion. Although the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century successfully eliminated many laws that discriminated against, injustice persists. Systematic forms of racism are still evident in economic inequality, the way the law is administered, and disparities in access to education and adequate housing. Thus, American history is a story of the ongoing effort to realize the promise of justice for all its people, a process that continues to this day.

This study aims to enhance elementary school students’ motivation to learn English and to identify the factors contributing to their low motivation. The research is grounded in the need to prepare students for the global era, in which English proficiency is an essential skill from an early age. The study employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations, learning outcome evaluations, and interviews with English teachers. The findings reveal that students’ low motivation is influenced by perceptions that English is difficult, the lack of engaging teaching methods, limited learning facilities, and students’ weak willingness to learn. The implemented actions—such as using songs, educational games, teaching aids, role-play activities, and interactive communication—significantly increased students’ activeness and motivation. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of introducing English at the elementary level, as ages 6–13 represent a critical period for language development. With appropriate external motivation and strong teacher support, English learning becomes more effective, enjoyable, and meaningful. This study recommends that English instruction continue to be implemented in elementary schools through creative teaching methods and sufficient learning facilities

  ABSTRACT Background: Premature babies born before 37 weeks gestation are very susceptible to having difficulty adapting to life outside the womb, due to immature and well- functioning organ systems. Objective: This study aims to find out the description of the sucking reflex in premature babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) room of Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital. Method: The research method is descriptive with a survey design. Data collection was carried out through suction reflex observation sheets of 45 premature infants treated in the NICU from April to May 2025. The sample was all premature infants who met the inclusion criteria. Sampling in this study was carried out using a total sampling technique. Result: The results showed that the respondents were at 24 gestational ages of 32-34 weeks (53.3%) and the respondents were at ? gestational age of 35 - < 37 weeks as many as 21 (46.7%). Infants aged 32-34 weeks who had a weak sucking reflex were 5 (20.8%), 11 (45.9%) and those who had a strong sucking reflex were 8 (33.3%), while all babies with the age of ? 35 - < 37 weeks had a strong sucking reflex of 21 (100.0%). Conclusion: The results of this study show that babies with gestational age of 32-34 weeks mostly have a moderate sucking reflex and The results of this study show that babies with gestational age of ?35 - < 37 weeks overall have a strong sucking reflex.

The study of the Qur'an in the West has a long history. It began with the tradition of orientalism in the Middle Ages and has evolved into a modern academic approach that relies on philology, historical, and hermeneutical. In the West, the study of the Qur'an was initially dominated by apologetic and polemic reasons. However, since the 19th century, scientific approaches have begun to dominate thanks to the research of figures such as Theodor Nöldeke, Ignaz Goldziher, and John Wansbrough. After that, the focus of modern research turned to the linguistic analysis and structure of the Arabic language of the Qur'an. It includes the study of semantics (Toshihiko Izutsu), stylistic analysis, and comparative studies between pre-Islamic Arabic dialects and the language of the Qur'an. Western scholars have diverse views on the Qur'an in Arabic. Some question the structure, origin, and cohesiveness of the text, while others acknowledge its uniqueness, coherence, and rhetorical power. Despite epistemological differences, this article analyzes the history of Qur'an study in the West, identifies the main methods used to analyze the Qur'an in Arabic, and outlines the various critical perspectives and appreciation of Western scholars on the linguistic character of the Qur'an. The results of the analysis show that, from the polemic paradigm, the study of the Qur'an is increasingly moving towards a more interdisciplinary scientific approach.

Elevated blood pressure above the normal range is a hallmark of a medical condition known as hypertension. It is estimated that as the population ages, the number of hypertension cases will also increase. If this condition is properly managed early, it can be controlled. Controlling daily eating habits is one of the most effective non-pharmacological methods for lowering blood pressure. Therefore, finding alternative food sources that can naturally lower blood pressure is crucial. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), which is high in fiber, potassium, and antioxidants such as vitamins B, C, and E, is one possible option. These nutrients are important for maintaining blood vessel flexibility and controlling hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit juice consumption on blood pressure in the Paku Village Community Health Center (Puskesmas Pembantu) operational area. A single-group pre-experimental design was used in this study. A paired-sample t-test was used to assess the data. Based on the findings, the average systolic blood pressure was 184 mmHg before consuming red dragon fruit juice and decreased to 164 mmHg after the intervention. With a t-value of 23.4, a correlation of 0.96, and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), this decrease was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the average diastolic blood pressure dropped from 101 mmHg to 84 mmHg, with a correlation of 0.961, a t-value of 18.65, and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that consuming red dragon fruit juice significantly lowers blood pressure, with an average decrease in systolic pressure of 20 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 17 mmHg.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parental roles on fulfilling the nutritional needs of children aged 3–4 years at the Asmaul Husna Daycare (TPA) in Gorontalo. The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 60 parents as respondents. The role of parents was measured through their active involvement as educators, motivators, and facilitators in fulfilling children's nutritional needs. The results showed that 80% of children whose parents played an active role had good nutritional status based on normal weight for age and height for age indicators. Conversely, in the group of less active parents, only 36% of children achieved good nutritional status. The Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between parental roles and children's nutritional status (p < 0.05). The table data shows a clear disparity, with 32 well-nourished children coming from the active role group, while 14 children with poor nutritional status came from the passive role group. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring dietary patterns, providing nutritious supplies, and collaboration between parents and the TPA in reducing the risk of malnutrition and stunting. Furthermore, parental involvement contributes to improved immunity, cognitive development, and the formation of long-term healthy eating habits. This study recommends holding nutrition workshops for parents as part of a sustainable TPA program.

Educational inequality in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, as reflected in the low proportion of citizens with higher education degrees and the predominance of high school graduates as the highest educational attainment. University students, as part of the educated minority, hold a moral responsibility to redistribute the academic privilege they possess to the broader community. This article presents a report on a Community Service Program (PKM) titled It’s English Buddy, an online English-teaching initiative launched by students of the International Relations Study Program at UPN Veteran Jakarta. The program offers individual and group English conversation sessions at affordable prices, adopting a non-distributing profit approach to ensure operational sustainability. Supported by literature on the effectiveness of online learning in enhancing academic performance through flexibility and accessibility, the program has successfully reached participants of various ages and backgrounds. The results show that most participants are women and were recruited primarily through personal networks, highlighting the importance of public communication strategies and trust-building. Overall, It’s English Buddy demonstrates the potential of student-led grassroots educational initiatives as a meaningful contribution to expanding learning opportunities within society.

The rapid growth of financial technology has led to the emergence of digital wallets as an efficient and practical means of payment. One of the most widely used services in Indonesia is Shopeepay, particularly among Generation z, who are known for their adaptability to new technologies. This study aims to examine to influence of perceived usefulness (X1) and perceived risk (X2) on the intention to use digital wallets (Y), with Shopeepay payment method (M) as a moderating variable. This research employed a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 60 University students who actively use Shopeepay. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linier regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on the intention to use Shopeepay (sig. 0,004<0,05). Perceived risk also shows a significant effect in thr multiple regression test (sig. 0,003<0,05), but becomes insignificant when tested with MRA (sig. 0,094>0,05). This suggests that impact of risk tends to weaken when moderated by the payment methode. Furthermore, the Shopeepay payment method itself does not significantly influence user intention (sig. 0,067>0,05) collectively, perceived usefulness and perceived risk significantly affect the intention to use Shopeepay (sig. 0,001).

Background: Anemia in pregnancy increases the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, with a higher incidence in the third trimester. Although Fe tablets serve as the main therapy, non-pharmacological alternatives such as beetroot and lemon juice also have the potential to raise hemoglobin levels. Objective: To determine the effect of consuming beetroot-lemon juice combined with Fe tablets on hemoglobin levels in third-trimester pregnant women in Semarang. Method: This study applied a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test post-test approach, allowing the measurement of hemoglobin level changes before and after the intervention. The study population consisted of all pregnant women in their third trimester, with gestational ages between 32 and 38 weeks, registered at two community health centers: PMB Puji Widiastuti, Amd.Keb, with 16 anemic respondents, and PMB Ika Febri Setyaning Astuti, Str.Keb, with 15 anemic respondents. A total of 31 respondents were obtained using total sampling. Data collection was conducted through observation sheets, and analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney statistical test. Results: The intervention group, which consumed beetroot and lemon juice along with Fe tablets, achieved a Mean Rank of 13.41, whereas the control group recorded a Mean Rank of 18.77, with an effectiveness difference of 5.36. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.048, indicating a significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, the combination of beetroot and lemon juice with Fe tablets effectively increased hemoglobin levels among third-trimester pregnant women with anemia. This finding suggests that such combination therapy can serve as a valuable alternative in the management of anemia during pregnancy.

The statement of Jesus in Luke 18:16, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them,” contains a theological message that remains relevant for the church throughout the ages. This study aims to examine the meaning of this phrase through a biblical exegesis approach, considering the historical, grammatical, and theological context of the Gospel of Luke. The research employs a qualitative method with historical-grammatical hermeneutics and a literature review on children’s ministry from a New Testament perspective. The findings indicate that the phrase emphasizes Jesus’ indiscriminate acceptance of children as full members of the faith community while rejecting any structural, cultural, or spiritual barriers that diminish the value and rights of children in congregational life. The implication for the contemporary church is the need to develop an inclusive, holistic, and child-friendly ministry in liturgy, education, and spiritual formation, as well as to remove obstacles that may hinder the spiritual growth of children. Thus, the message of Luke 18:16 provides a strong theological foundation for building a church that honors and empowers children as heirs of the Kingdom of God.

Red blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen and vital nutrients needed for the growth of the fetus, therefore anemia during pregnancy is a complex issue. It is vital for all expectant mothers to fulfill their iron needs because maternal anemia during pregnancy can result in adverse consequences for the child, such as premature birth and low birth weight. The chance of a woman developing anemia increases as she ages during pregnancy. Bleeding is a direct result of the anemia experienced during labor in 17.24% of cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the connection between the incidence of anemia and young pregnant women in Ir. Soekarno Hospital on Morotai Island. The study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach, which is useful for finding relationships between two or more variables. The whole sampling technique, which included 40 participants in all, was used. A checklist was used as the study's instrument. Chi-Square analysis was used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software. The chi-square statistical analysis produced a P-value (asymp. The p-value (2-tailed) is 0.002, which is less than the 0.05 significance level. This indicates a relationship between the start of anemia and young pregnant women. Thus, it is possible to infer a link between the incidence of anemia and young pregnant women, leading to the rejection of H0 and the endorsement of H1.