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This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MBG policy in fulfilling nutritional needs in North Barito Regency and to identify the obstacles encountered. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with MAN Barito Utara and SMAN 4 Muara Teweh as research sites. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using Edward III's policy implementation model encompassing four indicators: communication, resources, implementor disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that MBG implementation at both schools has generally been running well but not yet optimally. Communication was structured and food production quality was ensured through certified kitchens. All implementors demonstrated high commitment and enthusiasm, serving as the primary strength of the program. Key obstacles were identified in the resource dimension absence of dedicated nutrition personnel, inadequate distribution space, and minimal nutrition education for students and in the bureaucratic structure dimension, including SOPs not tailored to each school's specific characteristics, informal task divisions lacking official decrees, and the absence of systematic staff substitution mechanisms. The study recommends dedicated budget allocation for distribution facilities, issuance of official task division decrees, SOP refinement, and development of nutrition education modules integrated into teaching and learning activities.

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is an abnormal cell growth in the liver characterized by increased number of dividing liver cells accompanied by malignant transformation. A common paraneoplastic phenomenon in HCC patients is hypoglycemia, which arises due to hepatic dysfunction impairing gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, as well as tumor-mediated IGF-II production. This condition causes hypoglycemia as a primary nursing problem requiring comprehensive nursing care. Objective: To describe the nursing care process for a patient with HCC focusing on blood glucose instability management and knowledge deficit intervention. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative method through a case study approach. Data were collected through interview, observation, documentation study, and literature review. Results: Two nursing diagnoses were identified: blood glucose instability related to hepatic dysfunction and knowledge deficit related to lack of information exposure. Nursing interventions performed included hypoglycemia management and disease process education. After 2x24 hours of nursing implementation, both diagnoses were partially resolved, as GDS values remained fluctuating and behavioral change had not been fully achieved. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing management through routine blood glucose monitoring, dextrose administration, nutritional modification, and health education can improve blood glucose stability and patient knowledge in HCC patients.

Street names are a vital public information tool that helps people identify locations, find addresses, and reinforce the identity of a region. The availability of street names also supports the effectiveness of administrative services, community mobility, and emergency service access. Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency, still faces a lack of street names, making it difficult for residents and visitors to find specific addresses. Based on this situation, students from the 14th Community Service Program (KKN-T) at Raden Rahmat Islamic University (Unira) Malang implemented a community service program involving mapping and installing street names at several strategic locations in the village. The implementation method included field observation, street name data collection, coordination with village officials, design and production, and installation of the street names. This program aims to improve access to location information, clarify regional identity, and support orderly village administration. The results of the activity indicate that the presence of street names provides tangible benefits to the community, particularly in facilitating address searches, improving environmental order, and helping visitors to identify Srigonco Village more easily and effectively.

This research specifically examines how the involvement of the community in the process of digitizing services at the population and civil registration office of Gorontalo City. Co-production is a collaboration between the government and the community to improve the quality, effectiveness, and satisfaction of services. The main problems in this study are the low participation of the community in population administration and challenges in the efficiency of services and the use of digital technology. The method used is qualitative descriptive through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that co-production has been implemented through community involvement in data verification, the use of digital services, and active communication between officers and the community. However, there are still obstacles such as low digital literacy and limited human resources. In addition, technology infrastructure and internet access factors also affect the optimization of digital services. This study concludes that co-production is able to increase the effectiveness, responsiveness, and accountability of public services, although efforts are still needed to increase institutional capacity and community participation in a sustainable manner as well as a more inclusive digital education strategy.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough, which vary over time in both frequency and severity. This condition is accompanied by limitations in expiratory airflow, which can be either reversible or persistent. In asthma patients, especially those treated in the Emergency Department (ED), a common nursing problem is ineffective airway clearance due to mucus accumulation and bronchospasm. One strategy to address this is the administration of warm drinking water, aimed at improving airway clearance. The design used in this final nursing scientific paper is a qualitative case study with an intervention of warm water intake. The subjects of this study consisted of 3 asthma patients in the ED, and the intervention was conducted from January 3-11, 2026, at the Emergency Department of Charitas Hospital Km.7 Palembang. Airway clearance was measured before and after the intervention, which involved giving 200 ml of warm water at 38ºC, without a control group. After the intervention, all three patients showed improved airway clearance, indicated by more effective coughing, decreased sputum production, reduced wheezing, improved breathing patterns, and improved respiratory rate. The implementation of this evidence-based practice (EBP) is expected to provide additional information regarding the use of nonpharmacological therapy, specifically the administration of warm drinking water, in asthma patients with ineffective airway clearance.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

Vibrio sp. is one of the main pathogenic bacteria causing various diseases in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation, such as vibriosis, which can reduce the survival rate and productivity of ponds. Environmentally friendly Vibrio control efforts can be achieved through the use of probiotics. One widely used probiotic is Lactobacillus sp., which is known to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria through competition for space and nutrients, production of antimicrobial compounds (bacteriocins and organic acids), and increased shrimp non-specific immunity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of administering different doses of Lactobacillus sp. in suppressing Vibrio sp. populations in whiteleg shrimp cultivation media. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications: control (A), 6 ppm lactobacillus sp (B), 12 ppm (C), and 18 ppm (D). The parameter observed was the Total Vibrio Count (TVC) in the culture water after 24 hours of lactobacillus administration.

The production of breast milk is essential for promoting optimal growth and developmental outcomes in infants throughout the first six months of life. Nevertheless, several studies have indicated that some breastfeeding mothers face challenges in producing adequate milk, often influenced by nutritional status, psychological conditions, and environmental support. The katuk plant (Sauropus androgynus), a well-known local herb, has long been recognized for its potential as a natural galactagogue that can stimulate breast milk production. The innovation of processing katuk leaf extract into biscuits offers a more practical, convenient, and potentially acceptable alternative for daily consumption among the community. The present study aimed to examine the impact of katuk leaf biscuits on breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers within the jurisdiction of Kuta Baro Health Center, Aceh Besar District. A pre-experimental design utilizing a one-group pretest–posttest method was implemented, involving 20 breastfeeding mothers who fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through the administration of questionnaires and by measuring breast milk volume using a calibrated measuring cup.The study findings indicated that before the intervention, most participants had relatively low breast milk production, averaging 69.1 ml. After a seven-day intervention, the mean breast milk volume showed a significant increase to 246.5 ml, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the findings indicate that katuk leaf biscuits exert a significant influence on increasing breast milk production. Overall, this study underscores the potential of locally sourced, herbal-based food innovations as an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing breast milk production and supporting the success of exclusive breastfeeding programs.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) extract is known to contain potent antioxidant compounds such as lycopene, vitamin C, and flavonoids that can protect reproductive cells from oxidative stress. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tomato extract in improving the quality of spermatozoa in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cigarette smoke, which is a major source of free radicals. The research applied a literature review approach by identifying, selecting, and analyzing related studies published between 2013 and 2023 from the Google Scholar and Academia.edu databases. Ten eligible studies were included for synthesis. The results show that the administration of tomato extract at doses ranging from 20 to 60 mg/kgBW/day significantly increased sperm motility, morphology, and viability in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The improvement was associated with the antioxidant effect of lycopene, which protects Leydig cells and maintains testosterone production. These findings suggest that tomato extract has significant potential as a natural antioxidant therapy to prevent oxidative damage and reproductive disorders caused by cigarette smoke exposure.

Companies face a variety of human resources with varying characteristics and abilities, which significantly impact employee performance. The influence of work culture, work morale, and employee performance, including variables such as discipline, mutual respect, individual passion, team spirit, quality, punctuality, workers, salary, promotions, supervision, and coworkers, is crucial in determining how significantly they influence employee job satisfaction at PT RJN. By understanding this relationship, the director or leader of PT RJN can predict employee responses to job satisfaction, maintain it, and improve it so employees feel more comfortable and at ease in their work. The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sampling method, a non-probability sampling method. This research employed a quantitative approach with a concrete data processing methodology. The population consisted of 40 employees in the production, administration, marketing, and distribution departments. The sample used in this study was derived from primary data obtained from 40 respondents from the production department who were still actively working at PT RJN. Data were obtained through questionnaires and observations. From the results of the analysis that has been done, based on the results of partial testing, the job satisfaction of PT RJN employees is positively and significantly influenced by the variables of work culture, work spirit, and employee performance. Based on the results of simultaneous testing, the job satisfaction of PT RJN employees is significantly influenced by the variables of work culture, work spirit, and performance characteristics. significantly influence employee job satisfaction. This is known from the correlation analysis as follows: r value = 0.377 or 37.7% and then the remaining 62.3% comes from various factors outside this concentration and is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.

It very important for business administration to e carried out in a structured and consistent manners in its execution. If it is not done well, it will become negative feedback in the course of the business and will reduce competitiveness. The activity of administraive tidiness is used for continuous improvement of the administrative system by adjusting the availale resouces, including human resources and technology. This community service aims to provide insights, knowledge, and skills in the implementation of administrative therapy activities through socialization, training and guidance on administrative writing, particularly in production and warehousing. The implementation leads to improved efficiency and effectiveness in working time, tidiness and ease of work. In addition, it makes coordination between employees and departements easier, while accountability is achieved.

This community service activity was organized by a team of lecturers from the Department of S1 Accounting, Gorontalo State University in 2024 in Botutunuo Village, Kabila Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province as a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This coastal village, which is located in the Tomini Bay area and has tourism potential, faces obstacles in the management of culinary businesses owned by the local community. The main problem of partners is low professionalism in business management and suboptimal bookkeeping administration. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and ability of MSME actors in implementing cost accounting for controlling and reporting production costs. The program is carried out in four stages: location survey, material socialization, technical assistance in calculating the cost of production, and monitoring and evaluation of implementation results. The results of the service showed that 75% of the participants understood the material well and welcomed the sustainability of the mentoring. This activity makes a positive contribution to improving the competence of culinary business actors in coastal tourism areas through the application of cost accounting.   

Probiotics from West Sumatra curd have the potential to improve the production performance of local West Sumatra ducks, where Probiotics are live bacteria given as food sulpementation. Giving probiotics can have a beneficial effect on health where probiotics produce inhibitor compounds so that they can maximize the absorption of food in the intestines of livestock. The purpose of this study was to observe the production performance of ducks given probiotics. The design used was a randomized complete factorial method. The first factor (A) Dosage of probiotics (LAB) is with treatment A1: 1 ml (12.7 x 108 CFU/g); A2: 2 ml (25.4 x 108 CFU/g); A3: 3 ml (38.1 x 108 CFU/g). The second factor (B) is the frequency of probiotic administration, namely B1: 0 times; B2: 1 time; B3: 2 times; B4: 3 times; B5: 4 times; B6: 5 times; B7: 6 times, consisting of 4 replicates with a total of 346 ducks. The observed variables were food consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, carcass percentage. The results of this study were the average food consumption at a dose of 3 ml with 5 times administration (995.79g). The highest average body weight gain (369.74 grams) dose of 1 ml and 5 times administration. The highest carcass percentage with a dose of 3 ml and a frequency of 5 times (72.63%).

Sustained-release tablets are pharmaceutical preparations designed to gradually release the active substance over a specific period, thereby maintaining a constant concentration of the drug in the circulatory system and enhancing therapeutic effectiveness.The development of sustained-release tablets aims to extend the duration of drug action, reduce the frequency of dose administration, and minimize fluctuations in drug levels in the plasma, which ultimately enhances patient compliance and treatment effectiveness, especially in chronic diseases.The purpose of this review is to identify various formulation methods and innovations in the production of sustained-release tablets, as well as to examine the factors that influence the success of these formulations.The method used in this study is a literature review that collects data from various scientific publications over the past five years through online platforms such as Google Scholar, using keywords related to matrix sustained-release tablets and pharmaceutical formulations.The results of the review indicate that various techniques, such as formulating polymer matrices, coating, and encapsulation, have been applied with varying degrees of success depending on the type of active ingredients and excipients used. Some formulation innovations, such as the use of natural polymer matrices and matrix modifications, have proven effective in achieving controlled, stable, and quality-standard-compliant drug release.

Creativity and innovation are essential elements in developing student competencies, especially in the Business Administration study program. This community service activity aims to enhance students’ creativity through training in producing an innovative product, namely gantungan kunci foto akriliks, which serve as a medium for self-expression and possess economic value. The activity was conducted for the 2023 cohort of Business Administration students at Universitas Sahid Surakarta using methods including counseling, technical training, and hands-on practice. The results show that students were able to create creative and unique designs while understanding the concept of market value through personalized products. In addition to improving design and production skills, this activity also fosters entrepreneurial spirit and awareness of business potential based on creativity. This training is expected to equip students to continuously develop innovative ideas that can be implemented in the business world

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This disease is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production or function, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. This study aims to examine the effect of wild betel leaf extract (Piper aduncum) on the inhibition of glucose transport using the ileum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the infusion method. This research is a pre-experimental study with a posttest-only control design using white rats and wild betel leaves. The study demonstrates that wild betel leaves (Piper aduncum L.) and red betel leaves (Piper crocatum) have significant potential in inhibiting glucose transport and reducing blood sugar levels. This is evident from the significant decrease in the rate of glucose transport after the administration of wild betel leaf extract, indicating an inhibitory effect on glucose transporters such as SGLT-1 and GLUT-2.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the effectiveness of the implementation of the Revenue and Expenditure Budget policy and the implications of the implementation of the Regional Budget and Expenditure policy in Lumajang Regency. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that regional financial policies in Lumajang Regency, especially the policy of increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD), are inseparable from the Central Government's policies in the framework of financial relations between the Central and Regional Governments. Meanwhile, the Lumajang Regency Government's policies to increase Regional Original Revenue (PAD/Pendapatan Asli Daerah) include: Digitalization to increase the efficiency and transparency of financial management, Adjustment of regional taxes and levies, Re-collection of taxpayers, Cooperation with the private sector and NGOs in the management and collection of regional taxes and Improvement of regional tax management management. The model of the implementation of the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) policy implementation model in Lumajang Regency is Top Down. The Government of Lumajang Regency, East Java is committed to continuing to encourage an increase in Regional Original Revenue (PAD). The contribution of Lumajang Regency's PAD in 2024 compared to the APBD (Anggaran Pendapatan Belanja Daeerah) structure only reaches 16 percent, so that to meet the needs of the expenditure budget in the APBD budgeting structure, it still depends on transfer funds, To reduce dependence on transfer funds, the government is optimizing regional tax revenues, especially from the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). The implication is that to increase regional tax and levy revenues, efforts are needed to increase production and business capacity in the regions. Increasing production capacity and business activities is an important factor to increase regional tax and levy revenues. In addition, it is also necessary to increase the capacity of regional tax administration as one of the requirements to increase tax capacity and effort in the regions (taxable capacity and tax effort).

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in postpartum mothers. This research employed a quasi-experimental approach, specifically utilizing a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population consisted of all normal postpartum mothers receiving care at a Midwifery Independent Practice located in Kesugihan District, Cilacap Regency. A total of 30 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to determine statistical significance. Prior to the intervention, the average breast milk production was measured at 22.82 cc/ml. Following the administration of oxytocin massage using fennel oil, the average milk volume significantly increased to 87.58 cc/ml. These results indicate that oxytocin massage is an effective intervention for enhancing breast milk production in postpartum mothers.  

Partners in this program are bamboo craftsmen Jihan Craft, Somakaton Village, Somagede District, Banyumas Regency. The problems faced by partners are lack of equipment in running their business; very limited capabilities in business management consisting of production management, HR, marketing and finance; limited ability in bookkeeping and financial reporting; limited ability to carry out online marketing activities; do not form groups; do not understand group management; and do not have the skills to carry out group administration. To achieve the goals, activities are carried out in the form of counseling, practice and mentoring. The evaluation method is carried out by comparing the level of knowledge and abilities as well as the production and marketing performance of partners before and after the activity. The benefits of this service activity are that partners get additional mechanical production equipment so they can increase the quantity and quality of their products and can produce more efficiently, partners' business management abilities increase, they have the ability to do bookkeeping and financial reporting, they can carry out online marketing activities well, the formation of groups Jihan Craft business officially, understand and can practice group management well; and can carry out group administration activities well.