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Indonesia is currently experiencing an emergency situation regarding sexual violence, which compromises national social resilience. The enactment of the Sexual Violence Crimes Law (UU TPKS) creates new legal mandates for healthcare professionals. Midwives, serving as frontline providers in primary care and remote areas, act as the first professional contact for survivors, yet they lack adequate legal certainty regarding medico-legal duties and preparedness within the midwifery educational framework. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the regulatory synchronization concerning the limited medico-legal authority of midwives in implementing the UU TPKS and to formulate reconstruction strategies for professional standards and the national midwifery curriculum. Methods: This normative juridical (doctrinal) research utilizes statute, conceptual, analytical, and comparative approaches. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively-normatively through systematic and teleological interpretations, evaluated using coherence and prescriptive frameworks. Results: The study reveals a significant disharmony of norms between the UU TPKS and Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 2 of 2025, which imposes bureaucratic barriers on safe abortion access for rape victims. Additionally, the Midwife Professional Standards (Kepmenkes No. 320/2020) fail to integrate basic clinical forensic authorities, compounded by a national techno-centric curriculum that overlooks Trauma-Informed Care (TIC). Conclusions: Legal certainty for midwives and comprehensive justice for survivors can only be accomplished by reconstructing inclusive competency standards, eliminating administrative boundaries through the "Medical First" principle, and integrating primary health law and trauma-sensitive care modules into the national midwifery curriculum.

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, accompanied by physical and psychological maturity. Adolescent reproductive health includes risky sexual behaviors that may lead to unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among female students regarding teenage pregnancy. Method: The research is descriptive in nature with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted on April 17, 2025. Sample: involving 87 respondents, all 11th-grade female students at SMAN 1 Abang selected using total sampling technique. Instrument: Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Most respondents have good knowledge about the concept of teenage pregnancy (56.3%), influencing factors (86.2%), the consequences of teenage pregnancy (80.5%), and prevention efforts (88.5%). Conclusion: Many respondents still do not understand the concept of teenage pregnancy.

Abortion is one of the pregnancy complications that still contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in the early trimester of pregnancy. Various maternal factors play a role in the occurrence of abortion, one of which is parity which reflects a mother's reproductive history. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of abortion at Bumi Panua Pohuwato Hospital. The study used a quantitative approach with observational analytical design and cross-sectional design. The study population was all pregnant women who received obstetrics services at Bumi Panua Pohuwato Hospital during the study period. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique, so that all pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The independent variable is parity, while the dependent variable is the incidence of abortion. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed univariately to describe the characteristics of respondents, and bivariously using Chi-square test or Fisher Exact Test in accordance with the fulfillment of statistical requirements. The results showed that most of the respondents were in active reproductive age and first to second trimester pregnancy, with considerable parity variations. Bivariate analysis showed that parity did not have a statistically significant relationship with abortion incidence. The conclusion of this study shows that the incidence of abortion is not influenced by parity alone, but is likely influenced by the interaction of various other maternal factors. Therefore, abortion risk screening in antenatal services needs to be carried out comprehensively by considering various pregnancy risk factors.

This study examines the experience of access to health services and resilience strategies in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies in Makassar, Indonesia. Access to quality reproductive health services is important for adolescents' well-being, but they often face systemic barriers that affect access to health services and outcomes. The study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach on seventeen adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who had an unplanned pregnancy between June–November 2023. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed by a six-stage science process. Two main themes were found: Navigating Closed Doors: Systematic Barriers to Care and Finding Light in Darkness: Resilience and Agency. Participants faced a variety of layered barriers, including a lack of information about health services and rights, geographical and economic constraints, age-based discrimination, parental notification obligations, fear of legal consequences especially related to abortion, family control over decisions, and limitations in adolescent-friendly services. Nonetheless, adolescents show resilience through seeking strategic help, resistance to pressure, spiritual and religious coping, peer support, gradual acceptance of maternal identity, educational sustainability, and positive meaningfulness of difficult experiences. These findings point to the need for a transformation of the health system that not only improves attitudes of health workers, but also addresses structural barriers such as confidentiality, age discrimination, and service availability, while strengthening agency and adolescent coping strategies.

Physiological changes in adolescents during the transition period, both biologically, cognitively, psychosexually, and psychosocially, are very vulnerable to various risky behaviors such as premarital sexual behavior, abortion, unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and drug use. One effort to increase adolescent awareness about premarital sex is health education. This study identified the effectiveness of audiovisual media and leaflets about premarital sexual behavior on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at SMA Negeri 20 Seram Bagian Barat. The study used a quasi-experimental approach, pre-post-test control group design, with 40 samples. The Wilcoxon test results for the intervention group showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using audiovisual media. The control group showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating no significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using leaflets. The Man-Whitney test results showed a p-value < 0.000 (p value < 0.05) for the intervention group post-test. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in health education using audiovisual media and leaflets regarding premarital sexual behavior on adolescent knowledge and attitudes at State Senior High School 20, West Seram.  

The homicide arising from the victim’s refusal to terminate her pregnancy presents a crucial issue regarding how the element of intent is constructed within Indonesian criminal law. This study originates from the need to examine the extent to which the offender’s motive triggered by anger after the victim declined his request for an abortion may influence the classification of dolus in the act of killing. The objective of this research is to describe the characteristics of intent in the perpetrator’s actions, determine whether the incident meets the criteria of dolus directus, dolus indirectus, or dolus eventualis, and assess the role of motive in shaping criminal liability. The method employed is normative legal research using a case approach and a statute approach, supported by the analysis of comparable court decisions and criminal law doctrines concerning the element of intent. The research findings indicate that the perpetrator’s deliberate assault on the victim after she rejected the request to terminate the pregnancy can be categorized as dolus directus, as he both realized and desired the lethal outcome of his conduct as an expression of anger. The motive related to the refusal of pregnancy responsibility does not negate intent; rather, it merely serves as a trigger for the criminal act. Thus, the element of intent in this case can be firmly constructed through an assessment of the perpetrator’s will, awareness, and conduct, thereby ensuring the accurate application of homicide provisions and providing legal certainty regarding the limits of criminal liability in pregnancy-related conflicts.

Abortion remains a complex reproductive health issue due to the interplay of multiple interrelated determinants. This study aimed to map the factors influencing the incidence of abortion based on recent scientific evidence. A literature review design was applied by analyzing ten selected articles published within the last five years and retrieved from major scientific databases. The selection process was conducted systematically through title, abstract, and full-text screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. The extracted data included study characteristics, type of abortion, examined determinants, and key conclusions. The synthesized findings indicate that abortion incidence is shaped by a combination of biological, social, and healthcare system related factors. Clinical determinants such as maternal age, endocrine disorders, uterine anatomical abnormalities, obstetric history, anemia, and hypertension play a substantial role in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage. In contrast, structural factors including income level, contraceptive access, and legal regulations predominantly influence induced abortion. The discussion highlights that abortion should not be viewed as an isolated clinical event, but rather as the cumulative outcome of risks operating across multiple levels of influence. In conclusion, abortion represents a multifactorial phenomenon that requires comprehensive prevention strategies extending beyond medical interventions alone. These strategies should also address healthcare accessibility and broader social conditions. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity of abortion determinants and provides an evidence-based reference for developing more effective preventive approaches in the future.

Abortion is prohibited under the Indonesian criminal law system. In fact, it is categorized as a crime against life, regulated by several laws and regulations, including the Criminal Code and the Health Law. Indonesian criminal law defines abortion as "Termination of Pregnancy," which is regulated by Articles 299, 346, 347, 348, and 349 of the Criminal Code. These articles clearly and unequivocally prohibit abortion for any reason, including abortion for emergency (forced) reasons, such as rape. This type of research is normative legal research (normative legal research method). The normative legal research method is a library legal research conducted by examining legal literature materials such as Legislation, Judge's Decisions, Books, Journals, Theses and Legal Dictionaries. The results of the study indicate that (1) The Judge imposed a sentence of 2 (two) years. This seems light and unfair because the defendant's actions should have been given a heavier sentence as stated in the case that the defendant had committed his crimes seven times. (2) The judge's considerations in imposing criminal sanctions in Decision Number 1224/Pid.Sus/PN.Mks, concluded that the judge's decision to sentence the defendant to two years in prison was lenient and did not reflect the sense of justice that should have been upheld. This was because the defendant's actions were classified as a serious crime that had a widespread moral and social impact on society.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), intracellular parasite that cause abortion in infected pregnant women with the parasite. Aim of the study: the present investigation aimed to assessment the prevalence of T. gondii in aborted women and evaluated level of interferon- gamma, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and lactoferrin. Materials and methods: From September 2024 to May 2025, we examined 90 women, 70 of them spontaneous abortion, while an additional 20 blood samples were obtained from healthy individuals serving as controls, in Tikrit Teaching hospital and many private hospitals in Tikrit city. Result: The incidence of parasite infection in aborted women was 56 (80%) out of a total of 70%. The level of IFN, TLR2, and Lactoferrin in the group of aborted women infected with T. gondii (45.4 ±7.1, 17.04 ±2.28, 59.6±12.6), as compared with control group (19.4 ±2.12, 8.2 ±2.1, 29.2±9.4). Conclusion: The present study concluded increase prevalence of toxoplasma gondi in aborted woman may indicate the main cause of abortion. Furthermore, increase level of immunological parameters that may indicate resolve the parasite infection.

This study discusses the role of Christian ethics in shaping attitudes towards abortion in Indonesia, which has led to moral, social, and legal debates. The main issues examined are how the biblical view and Christian ethical teachings assess the act of abortion and how the attitude of the church and believers in responding to this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to understand theologically and ethically the position of the Christian faith on abortion, while offering a compassionate pastoral approach to women facing such moral dilemmas. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, by examining various theological, social, and legal sources to describe in depth the views of Christian ethics on abortion. The results showed that in the view of Christian ethics, human life is a holy gift of God from the womb, so abortion is considered contrary to his will. However, the church and believers are called not only to reject abortion in a normative way, but also to provide mentoring, moral education, and spiritual support for those affected. This study confirms the importance of balance between truth and love in dealing with the issue of abortion as a concrete manifestation of the application of Christian ethics in society.

This study aims to investigate the psychological dynamics of early adult women after a induced abortion. Using a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach, this study involved female participants aged 18-40 years, who were students or workers, had undergone an induced abortion, and were willing to participate. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify eligible participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results revealed three main themes: first, psychological dynamics including feelings of guilt, depression, and anxiety after the procedure; second, factors influencing psychological dynamics, such as social support, environmental factors, and previous personal experiences; and third, self-meaning and future expectations, where most participants attempted to forgive themselves and build positive expectations for their future. This study provides in-depth insight into the psychological experiences of early adult women after a induced abortion and the importance of emotional and psychological support in the recovery process.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) can be a measure of a country's welfare in determining the optimal degree of health. The maternal mortality rate in the world is 303 thousand people (WHO 2023). MMR in Indonesia was 4,129 people in 2023. Meanwhile, the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in the world is 29,945 people (WHO, 2023). In Indonesia, there were 16.85 infant mortality rates in 2023. SEZ is a nutritional deficiency in pregnant women that lasts for several months or years. SEZ conditions can indirectly cause MMR and IMR. SEZ in pregnant women can cause complications such as IUGR, Abortion, LBW, Circulation, Anemia, Bleeding, and Childbirth complications. Research Objective: Providing Comprehensive Midwifery Care in accordance with midwifery care standards starting from pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, newborn, and family planning in Mrs. A 22 years old with Chronic Energy Deficiency (SEZ) and Chepalo Pelvic Disproportion (CPD) with a midwifery management approach according to Varney and SOAP. Research Methods: Descriptive Qualitative with Case Study approach Results: Comprehensive Midwifery Care on Mrs. A aged 22 years with SEZ can be overcome by an increase in LILA, there is a CPD so that SC delivery is performed and appropriate case management is carried out so that labor, newborn, postpartum period, and family planning goes well. Conclusion: The results of the comprehensive care given to Mrs. A 22 years old with Chronic Energy Deficiency (SEZ) can be resolved marked by an increase in LILA, SC delivery on indications of CPD, normal LBW, normal postpartum, and mini pill birth control.

The issue of adolescent reproductive health remains a major challenge in Indonesia, significantly impacting the future of the younger generation. Research by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) and the Ministry of Health in October 2020 indicated that approximately 62.7% of Indonesian adolescents had engaged in premarital sexual relations, with 20% of 94,270 out-of-wedlock pregnancies occurring in adolescent girls, and 21% of these resulting in abortion. This study aimed to enhance MTsN 01 Kendari students with knowledge about the importance of reproductive health, and to measure their knowledge levels through pre-post questionnaire distribution using educational media. The research employed a Pre-Experimental design with a One Group Pre-test - Post-test Design. The study population consisted of 7th-grade students from MTsN 01 Kendari, with a sample size of 35 individuals selected using purposive sampling. Data collection involved questionnaires administered to respondents before and after the educational intervention. The study results showed that the education significantly improved students' knowledge of reproductive health. Based on the pre-test results, 31 (88.57%) students were in the "good" category and 4 (11.43%) were in the "sufficient" category. Subsequently, a significant change was observed in the knowledge distribution based on the post-test, where 35 (100%) students were in the good category. Analysis using a paired-samples t-test revealed that p(0.000)<α(0.05), indicating that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. This demonstrates a significant difference between the mean results of the pre-test and post-test after the educational intervention.

The Three Threats to Reproductive Health (KRR Triad) refer to serious issues that can endanger adolescent reproductive health: sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, and drug abuse. These threats often lead to harmful consequences such as reproductive diseases, unintended pregnancies, abortion, and drug addiction. The root causes include insufficient knowledge among adolescents and negative attitudes toward prevention efforts. This Community Service initiative, titled Empowerment of Adolescents with Behavior Toward the Three Basic Threats to Reproductive Health (KRR Triad), was conducted in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2025. The program aimed to increase adolescents’ understanding of the KRR Triad, including its definitions, categories, impacts, and prevention strategies, while also fostering a proactive attitude among youth in addressing these threats. The participants were adolescents residing in Bangun Rejo Village. The activities were conducted from March to May 2025. The method involved a lecture-based educational session, accompanied by a pre-test and post-test to measure the participants’ knowledge and understanding. Prior to the intervention, 46.6% (14 participants) demonstrated poor knowledge regarding the KRR Triad. After the educational sessions, knowledge significantly improved, with 56.6% (17 participants) showing increased understanding. These findings indicate that structured education on reproductive health threats can effectively enhance adolescents' knowledge and potentially influence their behavior toward healthier choices. In conclusion, the community service program successfully empowered adolescents in Bangun Rejo Village with essential knowledge and awareness regarding the KRR Triad, underlining the importance of continuous reproductive health education to mitigate the risk of future health problems among youth

The protection of victims of sexual violence in Indonesia's national legal system is representative of the state's commitment to uphold human dignity, as mandated by the constitution. The constitutional basis for this protection is stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, especially Article 28G paragraph (1), which states that everyone has the right to protection of privacy, honor, dignity, and freedom from treatment that degrades human values. Currently, sexual violence can occur anywhere, especially in the scope of education. The impact of sexual violence causes a lot of harm to its victims, from the impact on the victim's psychology to the physical impact. The purpose of the research is related to the effectiveness of law enforcement or the operation of the law and the background of the law. Whether a legal protection can protect the rights of victims of sexual violence, and provide proper protection that must be obtained for victims of sexual violence. This research uses emprical research methods and a case approach which is used to analyze the handling of cases of “Sexual Violence and Forced Abortion” as a real form of legal application. With the existence of legal protection for victims of sexual violence provided by the state, it does not guarantee victims get the promised justice. Social stigma is one that can exacerbate the suffering of victims, making them isolated and reluctant to seek help. Society often tends to blame the victim, creating an unsupportive and even demeaning environment. Therefore, it is important to address social stigma in the context of sexual violence to impact the well-being of the individual as well as society as a whole.

Abortion is a contentious legal and moral issue, as it involves two equally important rights: the right to life of the fetus and a woman's right to bodily autonomy and reproductive health. Under Indonesian criminal law, abortion is generally classified as a criminal offense, as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, exceptions are recognized under specific conditions such as medical emergencies and pregnancies resulting from rape, in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study aims to examine the legal boundaries between prohibited and permitted abortions and to analyze the challenges of implementing these provisions in practice. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal exceptions, implementation remains difficult due to complex procedures, limited facilities, and inadequate understanding among law enforcement and health workers. Therefore, clear technical regulations and cross-sectoral education are essential to ensure fair legal protection for both women and medical professionals.

This research analyzes the legalization of abortion for rape victims in Indonesia from a human rights perspective, based on Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health and Government Regulation Number 61 of 2014 concerning Reproductive Health. The study aims to identify the forms of legal protection for rape victims who undergo abortion and to evaluate the extent to which its implementation aligns with human rights principles, particularly the rights to health, security, and dignity. Using a normative legal research method with a literature review, this study found that existing regulations have provided a legal basis for abortion in rape cases as a form of protection. However, its implementation still faces significant obstacles such as social stigma and limited access, which potentially hinder the fulfillment of victims' human rights.

The level of knowledge about abortion attitudes among adolescents in Indonesia is still minimal about abortion knowledge the number of unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia is around 17.5% in adolescents aged 14-19 years, and 20% of abortions are carried out by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and abortion attitudes in female adolescents at SMA X. this study is a type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The number of respondents was 91 people with a proportional sampling technique, one of which is simple random sampling. The data obtained were processed statistically using the chi-square formula. Based on the results of the analysis, 91 research respondents were obtained, most of whom had age characteristics of adolescents aged 10-18 years, the gender in this studi was female, the results of the study also showed that 91.2% had high knowledge, 8.8% had sufficients knowledge, 2.2% had negative abortion attitudes, 97.8% had positif abortion attitudes. The consclusion of of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards abortion in female adolescents at SMA X. With p-value of 0.03˂0.05.

Education is necessary to address the low level of teenage understanding on reproductive health. This affects unintended pregnancies, abortions, IMS/PMS, and HIV/AIDS. This study set out to ascertain how offering audiovisual education packages affected the degree of teenage knowledge and attitudes about reproductive health at SMA Sultan Agung Islamic 3. This research is a quantitative research with a pre-experiental approach. The design of this research uses one group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was done by questionnaire. The number of respondents was 79 with random sampling method. The data obtained were processed statistically using the Wilcoxon formula. Based on the result of the analysis, the majority of 79 respondents had 100% characteristics of 10-18 years with 54,4% female gender and 45,6% male gender. The research result that before being given the audiovisual education package, 59,3% of respondents possessed adequate knowledge, 36.7% possessed strong knowledge, and 3.8% possessed inadequate knowledge. After being given the audiovisual education package, overall respondents fell into the 100% good knowledge category. Before being given the audiovisual education package, 63,3% of respondents had attitudes in the negative group, but all responder attitudes fell into the positive category after receiving the audiovisual education package. Providing audiovisual education packages has an impact on teenagers' reproductive health knowledge and attitudes (p value=0,000 <0.05 with a Z value of knowledge -5.444 and attitude -7.071).

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. It often occurs in newborns, who are infected in the womb. Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women will experience abortion, intrauterine fetal death, if the baby survives due to active infection can occur by serious central nervous system defects and can cause mental retardation. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy causes transmission of toxoplasma gondii through the uteroplacental circulation to the fetus. Laboratory tests performed are anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM, and anti-Toxoplasma IgG avidity. These tests need to be performed on mothers suspected of being infected with Toxoplasma gondii before or during pregnancy, as well as on newborns from mothers infected with toxoplasma gondii. Spiramycin is given to women suspected of having acute toxoplasma infection in the first trimester or early second trimester, and will be given until delivery. For pregnant women who are likely to have a high infection or have had an infection in the fetus, treatment with spiramycin should be assisted after 18 weeks of pregnancy with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folic acid. Therefore, pregnant women should be prevented from toxoplasma infection or given treatment as early as possible.