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Assertive communication is a core competency for vocational high school (SMK) students, particularly those majoring in Online Business and Retail, whose future work demands strong interpersonal skills in customer service, negotiation, and teamwork. Classroom instruction in Indonesian vocational schools, however, still tends to privilege cognitive content over practical, contextual communication training. This study examines the effect of the role-playing technique on the assertive communication ability of twelfth-grade Online Business and Retail students at SMK Pasundan 1 Bandung. A quantitative survey approach is employed, with role playing—operationalized through three dimensions (role taking, role marking, and role negotiation) adapted from Zaini (2008)—as the independent variable, and assertive communication—operationalized through five dimensions adapted from Albert and Emmons (2001)—as the dependent variable. Given a population of 36 students, a saturated (census) sampling technique is used, so all members of the population serve as respondents. Data will be collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis with the assistance of SPSS, examining both the simultaneous effect of role playing on assertive communication and the partial effects of its three dimensions. The study is grounded in Bandura's (1977) Social Learning Theory, which posits that behavior is acquired through observation, modeling, and reinforcement. The anticipated outcome is empirical evidence on the effectiveness of role playing in strengthening assertive communication, together with practical recommendations for teachers and schools seeking to design more participatory, work-relevant instructional strategies.

This study examines the emergence of localized English expressions in Indonesian social media discourse, highlighting how English is adapted and reinterpreted in multilingual digital contexts. While previous studies on English in Indonesia have primarily focused on formal domains such as education and language policy, limited attention has been given to informal online communication where linguistic innovation is highly visible. This study aims to analyze how English lexical items are re-semanticized and creatively transformed by Indonesian users on social media platforms. The study employed a qualitative approach using data collected from Instagram posts and comments, focusing on selected examples of English-derived expressions such as boba, gas, voucher, server, and suamiable. The analysis compares the conventional meanings of these terms in Inner Circle English with their localized meanings in Indonesian usage. The findings reveal that English functions as a flexible linguistic resource, undergoing processes of semantic shift, metaphorical extension, and lexical blending. These localized forms reflect users’ creativity as well as their ability to adapt global linguistic resources to local cultural contexts. The study concludes that English in Indonesian social media is not merely borrowed but actively reconstructed, contributing to the dynamic development of English in the Expanding Circle.

This study aims to compare the performance of three boosting algorithms, namely XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, to predict the success of MSMEs. The data used consists of 250 entries with 13 attributes that include business actor characteristics, initial capital, industry experience, financial record-keeping, internet utilization, business planning, partnerships, and the target variable success. The pre-processing stage includes checking for missing values, standardizing numerical attributes, and splitting the data into 80% training data and 20% test data. The evaluation results show that XGBoost provides the best performance with an accuracy of 0.92, precision of 0.8333, recall of 0.8333, F1-score of 0.8333, and ROC-AUC of 0.9715. LightGBM has an accuracy of 0.88, while CatBoost achieves an accuracy of 0.90. The research results show that XGBoost has the best ability to classify successful and unsuccessful MSMEs. The feature importance results also show that the success of MSMEs is influenced by a combination of several key factors. This research emphasizes that boosting algorithms are effectively used as predictive models to support the analysis of MSME success.

This study investigates why applicants who have passed the initial admissions stage do not proceed to final enrolment in an Indonesian private higher education context. While student recruitment is often measured by the number of applications received, institutional sustainability depends on the ability to convert applicants into enrolled students. This study employed a descriptive survey design supported by thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Data were collected from 179 applicants who had participated in the admissions process but did not complete final re-registration. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and thematic categorization. The findings show that conversion failure is influenced by several factors, including waiting for public university admission results, financial constraints, postponement of study plans, family considerations, uncertainty about the institution or study programmed, preference for other institutions, and campus accessibility. A key finding reveals that 58.1% of respondents would reconsider enrolment if scholarships, tuition discounts, or other financial assistance were available. These findings highlight the need for a conversion management strategy through targeted financial aid, transparent cost communication, family engagement, and proactive applicant follow-up.  

The stock market is a place to buy shares for profit. In Indonesia, energy stocks are highly unpredictable because global commodity prices change constantly. This study examines what affected energy stock returns in 2024, focusing on trading volume, price swings, company profits, and cash flow. Using financial reports and statistical analysis, all these factors were tested together and individually. The results show that combined, all these factors do affect stock returns. However, when looked at one by one, only the company's net profit truly matters to investors. On the other hand, busy trading, daily price swings, and cash flow have no impact at all. In fact, all the factors studied only account for 14% of stock return movements, while the remaining 86% is driven by other outside forces. In conclusion, for those looking to invest in energy stocks, the most important thing to watch is the company's ability to generate net profit, rather than just looking at how busy daily transactions are in the market.

In the post-pandemic period, the learning process at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level continues to face significant challenges, particularly the emergence of disparities in student learning outcomes in general subjects. Many students have not yet fully returned to an active and focused learning pattern, resulting in uneven learning outcomes. Under these circumstances, self-directed learning has become an increasingly prominent aspect, as it relates to students’ ability to manage their own learning process without relying too heavily on teacher guidance. This study aims to examine how learning autonomy influences MTs students’ learning outcomes by reviewing existing studies. The research employs a literature review method using a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on scientific sources from the past five years. The data were analyzed through content analysis to identify patterns of relationships emerging from previous studies. The results of the study indicate that learning autonomy tends to have a positive correlation with improved learning outcomes, although the magnitude of the effect is not always consistent across every study. Students who are better able to manage their own learning steps generally appear more active, more focused in their studies, and more aware of the processes they are undergoing. Nevertheless, the development of learning autonomy does not occur in isolation, as it remains influenced by the school’s learning environment and the way teachers manage instruction. Thus, it is clear that fostering independent learning is a key factor in efforts to improve student learning outcomes in the post-pandemic era.

Stigma toward people with mental disorders affects not only individuals living with mental illness but also the psychological well-being of family members who serve as their primary caregivers. Families often experience social rejection, discrimination, and negative stereotypes, which increase emotional and psychological burdens while reducing the quality of care they provide. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma on the psychological well-being of families caring for people with mental disorders in Pamekasan Regency. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted involving 11 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify participants' lived experiences. The findings revealed one overarching theme, namely the negative impact of stigma, which consisted of three categories: effects on family members, family relationships, and patients. Stigma generated feelings of sadness, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, family conflicts, and changes in family interactions with patients. These experiences negatively influenced caregivers’ emotional well-being and their ability to provide optimal support for family members with mental disorders. The study concludes that stigma has a substantial adverse impact on the psychological well-being of family caregivers and the quality of care provided to people with mental disorders. Therefore, comprehensive interventions focusing on stigma reduction, community education, and strengthening psychosocial support systems are essential to improve family resilience and promote better mental health outcomes.

This literature review synthesizes findings from fifteen peer‑reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 to examine the determinants of sustainable competitive advantage in the furniture industry. The analysis reveals that green innovation, environmental performance, and market orientation interact as core drivers of competitiveness, supported by theoretical perspectives including the Resource‑Based View, Natural Resource‑Based View, Institutional Theory, Circular Economy, and Strategic Management frameworks. The review highlights how internal capabilities, regulatory compliance, and responsiveness to consumer preferences collectively shape the ability of micro, small, and medium enterprises to adapt to sustainability demands in global markets. Evidence shows that eco‑innovation practices, waste recovery strategies, and clustering models enhance efficiency and legitimacy, while indicators of green growth and brand performance provide practical tools for evaluating sustainability outcomes. The synthesis underscores that competitive advantage in this sector is not determined by isolated variables but by systemic integration across resources, operations, and market dynamics. This study contributes theoretically by consolidating fragmented insights into a coherent conceptual model and practically by offering guidance for enterprises and policymakers to foster green transformation. The findings emphasize the urgency of aligning industrial practices with ecological integrity and suggest that future research should examine cross‑country variations, longitudinal impacts, and the integration of digital technologies with sustainability strategies to strengthen the resilience of furniture enterprises in the global economy.

Lead (Pb²⁺) contamination in wastewater is a major environmental concern due to its toxicity, persistence, and ability to accumulate in living organisms. Adsorption using biomass-based materials has been developed as an alternative treatment method because it is efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bioadsorbent dosage and contact time on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency and evaluate Pb²⁺ mass distribution using mass balance analysis in a batch adsorption system. Ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea) was utilized as a bioadsorbent due to its lignocellulosic content, which provides active sites for metal ion adsorption. The research was conducted experimentally through bioadsorbent preparation, chemical activation, and batch adsorption using artificial Pb²⁺ solutions with variations in bioadsorbent dosage and contact time. Pb²⁺ concentrations before and after adsorption were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The obtained data were used to determine removal efficiency and Pb²⁺ distribution between the liquid phase and bioadsorbent. The results showed that ramie leaf bioadsorbent effectively reduced Pb²⁺ concentration, with the optimum condition obtained at 4 g/L bioadsorbent dosage and 90 minutes contact time, achieving 98.46% removal efficiency. Mass balance analysis indicated that Pb²⁺ ions were successfully transferred from the solution phase onto the bioadsorbent surface. These findings demonstrate that ramie leaf bioadsorbent has potential as a sustainable alternative material for heavy metal removal in wastewater treatment.

In an increasingly competitive business environment, particularly within the tourism industry, an organisation's ability to innovate and design effective strategic planning has become a critical factor in sustaining and improving organisational performance. This study aims to analyse the effect of innovation and strategic planning on organisational performance at Kampung Coklat Blitar Educational Tourism. This study employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaire distribution involving 53 respondents. The sampling was conducted using a saturated sampling technique (census), in which all members of the population were used as research samples. The sampling criteria consisted of senior-level active employees with a minimum of eight years of work experience and managers at Kampung Coklat Blitar Educational Tourism. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that innovation has a positive and significant effect on organisational performance with a P-value of 0.006 and a T-statistic of 2.869. Furthermore, strategic planning also has a positive and significant effect on organisational performance with a P-value of < 0.001 and a T- statistic of 5.573.

One key measure of a region's economic growth is the employment rate, as it reflects the ability of the economy to absorb labor and improve community welfare. In Jambi Province, employment opportunities are influenced by several factors, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze the effects of GRDP, population growth, and HDI on employment growth rates across regencies and cities in Jambi Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis covering 11 regencies and cities during the period 2017–2023. The findings indicate that GRDP growth, population growth, and HDI simultaneously influence employment levels. Partially, population growth and HDI have significant effects on employment, indicating that improvements in human development and demographic dynamics contribute to labor absorption. Meanwhile, economic growth, as measured by GRDP, has a relatively small negative effect on employment. This suggests that economic expansion does not always generate proportional employment opportunities, possibly due to structural changes and technological developments. Therefore, policies aimed at improving human capital and labor market conditions are essential to support sustainable employment growth in Jambi Province.

This research aims to examine how the functions of Christian counseling (preventive, curative, developmental, and pastoral) can be integrated into the practice of Christian Religious Education as an effective strategy to support adolescents’ faith development. The background of this study arises from the fact that adolescents experience a crisis of faith that is not only related to theological aspects but also affects their psychological and emotional well-being. On the other hand, christian religious education practices in schools often remain focused on the transfer of doctrinal knowledge without being balanced by adequate personal guidance. This study applies a qualitative method through literature review and conceptual analysis of christian counseling theory, theories of adolescent faith development, and pedagogical practices in christian religious education. The findings indicate that integrating Christian counseling functions into the design of christian religious education learning can create a dialogical, reflective, and pastoral classroom atmosphere, providing opportunities for adolescents to develop spiritual discernment, self-awareness, and the ability to make responsible moral decisions. This article discusses the relevance of counseling to adolescents’ spiritual development, the characteristics of their faith development, the challenges of implementing counseling in Christian educational institutions, and the design of learning based on dialogue, reflection, and mentoring. In this way, the integration of christian counseling in christian religious education is considered a holistic approach that enriches the meaning of faith education and supports adolescents’ faith growth in a contextual, profound, and sustainable manner.

The phenomenon of Generation Z’s political electability in the 2024 Legislative Election reflects a shift in patterns of political representation at the local level. The success of Generation Z candidates in securing legislative seats in Jambi City has become a noteworthy phenomenon, particularly amid the dominance of politicians from older generations. This study aims to analyze the political personal branding strategies employed by Generation Z candidates in building their electability in the 2024 Legislative Election in Jambi City. The research adopts a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review. The analysis is based on Peter Montoya’s Personal Branding theory, which consists of specialization, Leadership, Personality, Distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence, and goodwill. The findings reveal that the electability of Generation Z candidates is influenced not only by their young age or social media presence but also by their ability to establish social closeness with the community, maintain consistency in political behavior, engage in intensive interpersonal communication, and actively participate in social and community activities. Personal branding strategies that are developed consistently and sustainably have proven effective in fostering public trust and strengthening political legitimacy at the local level. The study concludes that political personal branding is one of the key factors contributing to the electability of Generation Z candidates in the 2024 Legislative Election in Jambi City.

This study aims to explore how the inquiry approach functions as a pedagogical strategy in Christian Religious Education to enhance students’ spiritual discernment. The background of this research arises from the tendency of learning practices that remain predominantly focused on cognitive aspects, thereby not fully cultivating spiritual sensitivity in life decision-making. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of theological and pedagogical literature, conceptual analysis, and reflection on classroom learning practices. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the core elements of inquiry questioning, investigating, dialoguing, and reflecting on knowledge and the process of developing the ability to discern God’s will in the real-life contexts of students. The findings indicate that inquiry effectively creates a reflective learning experience that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, enabling students not only to understand faith teachings theoretically but also to consider Christian values in concrete situations. This approach encourages active participation, constructive and critical dialogue, and fosters habits of faith reflection, moral sensitivity, and personal responsibility. Thus, inquiry is proven to be a relevant pedagogical method for achieving the theological goal of Christian Religious Education, namely the formation of spiritual discernment that guides students’ attitudes, decisions, and actions in daily life.

Communication is an important aspect in the development of children aged 5–6 years, especially in supporting their language and social-emotional abilities. This study aims to analyze the influence of effective communication through a play approach in early childhood based on the results of previous research. The method used in this study is a quantitative method by conducting observations, research, and observations on effective communication and a play approach in early childhood education. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation and literature searches from journals, articles, and relevant scientific references. Data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing and summarizing the results of previous research. The results show that the play approach has a significant influence on improving children's effective communication skills, such as the courage to speak, the ability to express opinions, social interaction, cooperation, and self-confidence. In addition, play activities have been proven to be able to create a fun learning atmosphere so that children are more active in interacting with peers and teachers. Thus, the play approach can be an effective strategy in developing the communication skills of children aged 5–6 years.

Problem-solving ability is an essential skill that students need to meet the demands of both academic learning and the workforce in the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and interpersonal communication on the problem-solving ability of eleventh-grade students at SMKN 31 Jakarta, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through a Likert scale questionnaire. Samples were drawn using a probability sampling technique with a proportional random sampling approach. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS 4.0). The results indicate that self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on problem-solving, with a path coefficient of 0.455, a t-statistic of 7.843, and a p-value of 0.000. Similarly, interpersonal communication has a positive and significant effect on problem-solving, with a path coefficient of 0.447, a t-statistic of 7.501, and a p-value of 0.000. Taken together, self-efficacy and interpersonal communication account for the variance in problem-solving with an R-square value of 0.416, indicating that both independent variables explain 41.6% of the variation in problem-solving ability. These findings suggest that self-efficacy and interpersonal communication play a significant role in enhancing students' problem-solving ability.

The development of globalization that occurs simultaneously with the acceleration of digital transformation has created increasingly complex competition in the world of work, so that individuals are required to be able to adapt and make appropriate career choices. In this situation, Generation Z as a productive age group still faces problems in the form of a mismatch between educational background and field of work, including low job readiness that impacts suboptimal career decision-making. This study aims to analyze the influence of career adaptability and self-efficacy on career decision-making in the Generation Z group in the Tasikmalaya Regency area using a quantitative approach. The sample determination involved 100 respondents through the Probability Sampling technique with the application of Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The research data were collected using an ordinal scale questionnaire. Meanwhile, the analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression tests. The conclusions obtained from the analysis indicate that career adaptability has a positive and significant effect on career decision-making. Self-efficacy also shows a positive and significant influence on career decision-making. These findings indicate that an individual's ability to deal with change and confidence in one's abilities play an important role in shaping the quality of career decisions. This research provides practical emphasis on the importance of strengthening career adaptability and self-efficiency through education, career guidance services, soft skills training and work readiness improvement programs for Generation Z to help individuals make more appropriate and optimal career decisions.

This study aims to analyze the forms of tasybīh ḍimnī in Dīwān al-Imām al-Syāfi‘ī by Imam al-Shafi‘i, identify its elements (musyabbah, musyabbah bih, and wajh al-syabah), and examine the Islamic educational values contained within it. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data consist of poetic verses containing tasybīh ḍimnī, focusing on 10 representative stanzas selected from 279 poems. The results show that tasybīh ḍimnī is an implicit form of simile that does not explicitly employ comparative particles, but is instead understood through contextual meaning relations. From the perspective of balaghah, this form is characterized by its implicit and argumentative nature, as well as its ability to construct meaning through logical analogy. The elements of tasybīh can still be identified through meaning reconstruction, even though they are not directly stated. Furthermore, the study reveals Islamic educational values encompassing the dimensions of īmān, islām, and ihsān. The value of īmān is reflected in dependence upon Allah, the value of islām in social life practices, and the value of ihsān in the cultivation of moral virtues such as patience and qanā‘ah (contentment). Thus, tasybīh ḍimnī functions not only as an aesthetic element, but also as an integrative educational medium.

The digital transformation of Indonesia's political landscape has created space for the emergence of a new populist narrative based on vertical social mobility. This study aims to analyze the construction of the "Anak Kampung" identity used by Bahlil Lahadalia as an instrument of political branding on social media. Using netnography and a four-level Cyber ​​Media Analysis (AMS) tool, this study explores how past marginalized experiences—such as being a cake seller, a conductor, and a public transportation driver—are reconstructed into symbolic capital in the digital space. The results show that Bahlil carried out effective "impression management" through visual performativity and narratives of struggle, which succeeded in building affective loyalty among constituents across generations. However, this branding also faces challenges in the form of digital skepticism regarding academic integrity and controversial public policies. This study concludes that the success of political branding in the digital era depends heavily on actors' ability to navigate the logic of platform algorithms while maintaining a sense of authenticity.

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in learning practices, including Indonesian language learning, which increasingly utilizes online platforms such as YouTube. In this context, digital literacy is not only related to the technical ability to access information but also encompasses ethical, critical, and character-building aspects of students. This study aims to analyze the integration of digital literacy and character education values in online learning through Indonesian language educational videos on YouTube. The research employed a qualitative approach using content analysis methods. The research data consisted of Indonesian language learning videos selected purposively based on the relevance of the material, channel popularity, and consistency of educational content. The findings reveal that Indonesian language learning videos on YouTube contain various character education values, such as responsibility, academic honesty, hard work, independence, tolerance, and communicative attitudes. These values are integrated through the presentation of materials, the use of polite language, contextual examples, and reflective invitations that encourage students to think critically. In addition, aspects of digital literacy are reflected in the ability of video content to guide students toward the wise, selective, and responsible use of digital media. However, the study also identified several limitations, particularly the lack of systematic explicitness of character values and the suboptimal two-way interaction between educators and students.