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This study aims to examine the development of Islam during the Umayyad Dynasty as one of the important periods in the history of Islamic civilization. The main focus of the discussion is directed at the process of the emergence of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as the first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty and his efforts to establish dynastic power after the Islamic Civil War (Fitnah Kubra). The Umayyad Dynasty played a strategic role in the transformation of the Islamic government system from an elective caliphate to a hereditary monarchy, while simultaneously expanding the territory of Islam to various regions. This study uses a literature review method with a historiographic approach, namely examining and analyzing relevant classical and modern historical sources. The results show that during the Umayyad Dynasty, Islam experienced significant developments in the aspects of politics, government administration, military, and culture. However, internal political dynamics, conflicts over the legitimacy of power, and dissatisfaction of certain groups also contributed to weakening the stability of the dynasty. This study also describes the process of decline of the Umayyad Dynasty until its eventual collapse and replacement by the Abbasid Dynasty.

The Umayyad Dynasty (661–750 AD) was the first Islamic dynasty to implement a hereditary monarchy and played a significant role in the massive expansion of Islamic rule. After the end of the Caliphate, power passed to Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, who founded the dynasty and moved the center of government to Damascus. This study aims to examine the political, social, economic, and religious dynamics during the Umayyad Dynasty through qualitative methods and a literature review approach. The results of the study indicate that the success of the Umayyad expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east was driven by solid military strength, intelligent diplomatic strategies, and an established government administration system. In the economic aspect, the Umayyad Dynasty developed a taxation and currency system that supported the country's financial stability. Infrastructure such as roads, postal services, and communication systems were also improved to support connectivity between regions. In the social and cultural fields, interactions between various ethnicities and religions encouraged the development of science, art, literature, and architecture, including the emergence of a distinctive Islamic architectural style. However, the unequal social system between Arabs and non-Arabs (mawali), as well as discrimination within the government, fueled public dissatisfaction. Furthermore, sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Shiites exacerbated the domestic political situation. Inequities in the distribution of power, nepotism, and authoritarianism were the main causes of the weakening of support for the Umayyad government. Ultimately, this dynasty collapsed after being overthrown by the Abbasid Dynasty in 750 CE. This study emphasizes that the success of a government is greatly influenced by just leadership, an inclusive government system, and the ability to respond adaptively to socio-political challenges.

The Abbasid dynasty was one of the most influential Islamic caliphates and left a long legacy in the development of world civilization. Established in 750 AD and ending in 1258 AD, the Abbasid period is known as the Golden Age of Islam due to its extraordinary progress in various fields, including politics, economics, and science. This study aims to examine how the Abbasid political and economic policies and the development of science that took place during that period were able to contribute significantly to the progress of global civilization. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-historical approach through the study of relevant literature in the last five years. The results of the study indicate that political stability and a structured bureaucratic system provided a strong foundation for economic growth and intellectual progress. The Abbasid government established a center of knowledge in Baghdad known as Baitul Hikmah (House of Wisdom). Here, scientists from various religious and cultural backgrounds gathered to translate, develop, and disseminate knowledge from Greek, Persian, Indian, and other scientific traditions into the Islamic world. Some of the great figures who emerged during this period included Al-Khwarizmi (mathematics), Ibn Sina (medicine and philosophy), and Jabir Ibn Hayyan (chemistry). Their discoveries and work became the foundation for modern science. However, the glory of the Abbasids slowly declined due to internal conflicts, power struggles, and the weakening of the caliph's authority. The peak of the fall occurred when Baghdad was attacked and destroyed by the Mongols in 1258 AD. However, the intellectual and cultural heritage of the Abbasid dynasty continues to have an important influence on the development of world science and civilization to this day.

This article is written to examine the golden age of Islamic intellectuals, focusing on the development of education during the era of Caliph al-Ma'mun (786–833 AD) of the Abbasid Dynasty, and to explore the factors underlying the progress of science during that period. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative historical descriptive approach; data were collected through a review of primary and secondary sources (books, journals, historical documents), then analyzed systematically through the process of de-contextualization, coding, grouping, and re-contextualization in order to compile a comprehensive historical narrative. The results of the study indicate that al-Ma'mun's policies including the establishment of BaitulHikmah, the movement to translate foreign scientific works, and political and economic support created an open and inclusive intellectual climate, accelerating the development of science, philosophy, and formal education to the village level. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of synergy between state support, political stability, and respect for diversity as a foundation for the development of modern educational institutions and cross-cultural knowledge exchange.

Islam after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW experienced a golden age. The peak of this glory was not seen from the size of its territory, but from the progress of various sectors such as art, culture, building architecture, and education. All of this success was achieved during the Abbasid Dynasty. This dynasty was different from the previous empire, namely the Umayyad, which focused more on expanding the territory of da'wah. In this short and simple article, the development of art, especially architecture, during the Abbasid Dynasty is discussed, which is one indicator of the progress of the Baghdad Caliphate. Architecture is the work of an architect designed to build spaces in a building with certain functions and purposes. The royal palace building is an architectural design that is formed according to the development of the times and contains certain meanings in each of its arrangements. This article aims to explain the architectural style of the Abbasid Caliphate palace, including its types and the influence of other architectural styles in its construction. The method used is a literature study (library research) by collecting data from various relevant literature. The results of this writing are expected to provide a general description of the characteristics of palace architecture during the Abbasid Dynasty.

Islamic civilization has played an important role in world history, with significant contributions in the fields of science, philosophy, architecture, and culture. Therefore, it is important to study and understand the history of Islamic civilization to understand its significant influence in the modern world. The Abbasid Dynasty was one of the golden periods in the history of Islamic civilization, with significant contributions in various fields. The Abbasid Dynasty was one of the dynasties that had a high civilization in the field of science, of course this was inseparable from the efforts made by the caliphs who led the government. Efforts continued to be made by translating foreign works that had previously experienced civilization in the fields of science and other fields. This article will discuss the history of the Abbasid Dynasty and its contributions to Islamic civilization.

This study examines the transformation of the Islamic economy during the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty, characterized by innovations in financial systems, the implementation of fiscal policies based on wealth redistribution, and shifts in social and cultural structures. The background of this research is rooted in the strategic role of the Abbasid Dynasty in creating an advanced Islamic civilization through the integration of economic progress, social growth, and cultural development. The aim of the study is to analyze in depth the dynamics of economic change, its impact on social structures, and its contribution to the development of science and culture during this period. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves the search, selection, and synthesis of literature from various credible academic sources. The findings indicate that innovative policies, such as the implementation of primitive banking systems, zakat and waqf mechanisms, and infrastructure development, support inclusive economic growth and equitable wealth distribution. The implications of this study suggest that the principles of the Islamic economy implemented during the Abbasid era can serve as a reference in designing modern economic policies that are just, sustainable, and responsive to socio-cultural dynamics.

The Islamic Abbasid Dynasty experienced progress in the field of Education which was advanced, solid, complete and well integrated supported by an adequate education system at that time. Baitul Hikmah which became the center of scientific development, especially mathematics (Al-Khwarizmi), astronomy (Al-Biruni), and medicine (Ibn Sina) which became an intellectual center and packaging period during the Abbasid Dynasty. This study uses a systematic literature review research method  with a qualitative descriptive research approach through literature review or literature studies, journals, articles, and books that discuss Baitul Hikmah during the Abbasid Dynasty. The results of this study show that Baitul Hikmah was a library and translation center during the Abbasid Dynasty located in Baghdad. In addition, Baitul Hikmah has a considerable role in developing Islamic civilization, even at that time Islam experienced its heyday "The golden age of Islam".

Islamic education reached its peak during the Abbasid Dynasty, precisely from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries AD. This period is often referred to as the "Islamic Golden Age", during which Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasids, became the center of world knowledge and culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the glory of Islamic education before the collapse of Baghdad, the factors that caused the collapse of Baghdad, and analyze the impact and efforts to revive Islamic education. The benefits of this article are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the collapse of the center of Islamic civilization and the decline of education, as well as provide relevant historical insights to rebuild the glory of Islamic education in modern times. The author uses a qualitative method with the type of library research, the main sources of data in this research are books and websites relevant to Islamic history, as well as scientific journal articles that discuss Islamic history from various perspectives, both published in national and international journals. The data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with a descriptive approach to identify the main themes and gain a better understanding of the Decline of Islamic Education: An Analysis of the Impact of the Fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD. The fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD became one of the most tragic events in the history of Islamic civilization, especially in the field of education. The destruction of the city resulted in the loss of educational centers, such as Baitul Hikmah, as well as valuable manuscripts and scientific works. The disconnected scientific tradition and intellectual stagnation are a long-term impact felt by the Islamic world. After the fall of Baghdad, many scholars took an important role in efforts to revitalize Islamic education. They moved to new territories, bringing with them the science and scientific traditions of Baghdad.

Caliph Harun ar-Rasyid was a successful ruler in his leadership. He made significant efforts to advance Islamic civilization, particularly in the economic sphere, which flourished under his rule. The achievements during his reign left a profound impression on his people. The aim of this research is to examine the economic policies implemented by Harun al-Rasyid concerning welfare and economic justice during his time. This study is a library research, involving the collection of data sources such as books, documents, and historical records about Harun ar-Rasyid. The findings indicate that Harun ar-Rasyid successfully elevated the popularity of the Abbasid dynasty and the Islamic world to its zenith through improvements in the welfare of his people and economic justice, as evidenced by his various contributions to the economy, society, and politics.    

Initially, the organization was a bridge in forming a component that could be used as a member to solve a problem. The essence of a learning organization is the organization's ability to utilize the mental capacities of all its members to create the kind of process that will improve it.Organizations where people continually develop their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and evolving patterns of thinking are fostered, where group aspirations are given freedom, and where people are continually learning studying (learning to learn) something together, but in general organizations have become a discourse in activities that can be used as part of a group. Basically, this is because humans are social creatures, which in this context is homo socius. This fact is a natural characteristic.It is impossible for humans to live alone, apart from society, groups or living with their communities. Humans are creatures that think and can develop. Every human being has the instinct to live in society. To fulfill these various needs, humans must collaborate because they will not be able to fulfill their own needs. That is where the level of human limitations is a reflection that humans need cooperation and that forum is found in organizations.

This article explores the role of Bayt Al-Hikmah as a monumental intellectual center during the Abbasid Dynasty. Built during the time of Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur, this center developed into a famous library during the reign of Harun al-Rashid and Al-Ma'mun. It functions not only as a library, but also as an educational institution, astronomical observatory, and translation center, housing a collection of more than 60,000 books from various languages and regions. Important factors influencing the development of Bayt Al-Hikmah included the caliph's love of science, extensive translation activities, use of paper, the presence of scientists from various regions, material support, and enthusiasm for studying Islamic teachings. Despite achieving glory, the summary of the Abbasid dynasty started from internal political conflict to the Mongol attack which resulted in the fall of the city of Baghdad and the destruction of Bayt Al-Hikmah. Even though this intellectual center collapsed, the scientific legacy it produced remains a testament to the glory of science at that time, even though it experienced a tragic end.