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This study examines and critically analyzes speaking tasks in Netzwerk Neu A1.1 (Chapters 1–6) by evaluating their alignment with principles of German as a Foreign Language (DaF), Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Using qualitative content analysis, 26 speaking tasks were identified, coded, and categorized based on task type, CEFR communicative activity (spoken interaction or spoken production), interaction mode, and levels of learner output. The findings show that template-based tasks dominate the textbook, accounting for 69.2% of activities, while guided and free production tasks are relatively limited. Spoken interaction is the most prevalent communicative activity (76.9%), reflecting an emphasis on dialogic formats such as short exchanges and role plays. Although this design provides appropriate structural support for beginner learners, the limited use of open-ended and autonomous tasks may restrict the development of fluency, communicative flexibility, and strategic competence. Interviews with seven learners and two instructors reveal that while tasks are generally perceived as accessible and confidence-building, they are also considered repetitive and insufficiently authentic. The study underscores the need to balance structured support with opportunities for spontaneous language use in beginner DaF textbooks.

The This study examines the debate surrounding the first created being in Islamic cosmology, where various opinions exist. Some argue that the first creation was the Pen (al-Qalam), while others claim it was the Throne (‘Arsh), the air, or the Light of Muhammad (Nur Muhammad). The main issue addressed is the limited and fragmented information found in classical hadith sources regarding the sequence and nature of the initial creation. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing the chapter Bad’ al-Khalq (The Beginning of Creation) in key hadith collections. The findings show that although some hadiths mention early creations such as the characteristics of heaven and hell, the seven layers of the earth, and angels, detailed and systematic narratives about the order of the first created beings remain scarce. Various views on who or what was created first appear in the literature, ranging from al-Qalam and ‘Arsh to Nur Muhammad, but no absolute consensus has been reached. This study aims to fill that gap by compiling and analyzing relevant hadiths to provide a more focused and in-depth perspective on the first created being and the sequence of creation. Additionally, this research emphasizes the theological and cosmological significance of these beings and their implications for understanding the structure and purpose of the universe. It is hoped that the results of this study will enrich the body of Islamic scholarship and encourage deeper reflection on the orderliness and existence of Allah’s creation.

Raja Ali Haji wrote Gurindam 12 with the aim of providing life guidance to the Malay community in order to lead a good life, have noble character, and obey God. Gurindam 12, including Chapter 7, not only contains universal moral values, but also messages that were relevant to the Malay society at that time and prioritized status and honor in social life. Through the work, Raja Ali Haji tries to convey the importance of learning, science and wisdom in building a better civilization and urges people to always maintain good morals and avoid bad deeds. The purpose of this research is to reveal the intrinsic elements of gurindam so that it can be read, and is useful for the community. Theoretically, the benefit of this research is to provide input for learning Old Malay Literature to provide teaching materials regarding the elements of literary works, especially in the old poetry genre

This research refers to Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2018 of Tanjungpinang City, Chapter IV concerning Management of Tourism Objects article 7 (seven) paragraph 1 (one) which reads that those responsible for managing Penyengat Island cultural tourism are carried out by the Regional Government. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of the Tanjungpinang City Culture and Tourism Office in developing tourism objects on Penyengat Island. The research method used is Descriptive Qualitative with a case study approach to determine the results in the study, with data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the Tanjungpinang City Culture and Tourism Office in implementing the Penyengat Island management policy was assisted by the Penyengat Island community in the form of a Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) which helped the Tanjungpinang City Culture and Tourism Office in implementing the Penyengat Island management policy. The conclusion of this research is that the policy evaluation process carried out by the Tanjungpinang City Culture and Tourism Office is to revitalize several parts and develop tourism on Penyengat Island with a religious and Malay cultural base. Thus, Penyengat Island is able to be visited by tourists with the intention and purpose of knowing the historical heritage of the phallus kingdom.

This study analyzes how the translation techniques is applied in the bilingual textbook Science Biology for Junior High School.The study was conducted qualitatively. Data was collected by selecting complex sentences from chapter six and seven.Then,I analyzed and categorized the translation techniques used according to the classification of Molina and Albir. The data is then calculated to determine the main translation techniques.The findings indicated that in this textbook,there are many translation techniques that contained in a complex sentences. As a result of the study 40 complex sentences were found in the sixth and seventh chapter.This textbook has nine translation techniques there were: literal translation, borrowing, adaptation, reduction, particularization, amplification, generalization, transposition and description. From 40 complex sentences it can be concluded that there are 15 complex sentences of literal translation,4 complex sentences of borrowing,1 complex sentence of adaptation,2 complex sentences of reduction,3 complex sentences of particularization, 7 complex sentences of amplification,2 complex sentences of generalization,1 complex sentence of transposition,5 complex sentences of description. Literal translation is the most numerous technique in the text book. So , over all the concept of a sentence can be easily understood and the knowledge can be developed from daily experiences.