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The development of modern biotechnology has brought fundamental changes to the life sciences through the application of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics techniques. This article aims to examine the transformation of life sciences through modern biotechnology approaches and its impact on health, agriculture, the environment, and industry. The method used is a descriptive-analytical literature review based on international journal sources and relevant scientific publications. The results of the study indicate that technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable precise gene editing for genetic disease therapy, while the mRNA vaccine platforms developed by Pfizer and Moderna demonstrate the acceleration of biomedical innovation in response to the global pandemic. In the agricultural sector, genetic engineering increases crop productivity and resilience, while in the environmental sector, biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioremediation processes. However, ethical and regulatory challenges remain important concerns in its implementation. In conclusion, modern biotechnology plays a key role as a catalyst for sustainable, innovation-driven transformation in the life sciences.

The danger of cadmium contamination in water sources remains a crucial environmental issue due to its persistent nature and high toxicity level, which poses serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Cadmium is a non-biodegradable heavy metal that can accumulate in living organisms over time. The presence of these toxic Cd²⁺ ions is known to trigger damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys; therefore, reducing their concentration in aquatic environments is of paramount importance for environmental protection and public health safety. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered one of the most effective and economical techniques for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. In this study, the capability of mesoporous silica MCM-48-NH₂ as an adsorbent for Cd²⁺ ions was systematically evaluated. The adsorption performance was examined by investigating several important parameters, including contact time, solution acidity level (pH), and initial Cd²⁺ concentration. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism and interaction between Cd²⁺ ions and the adsorbent surface were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results demonstrate that the adsorption process of Cd²⁺ ions onto MCM-48-NH₂ tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption behavior, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.66 mmol g⁻¹.

The development of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of functional materials, particularly as electromagnetic wave absorbers. This literature review aims to analyze advances in synthesis methods, structural characteristics, magnetic properties, and electromagnetic absorption performance of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite reported in various studies. Synthesis techniques such as sol–gel, coprecipitation, solid-state reaction, and hydrothermal methods are compared to evaluate their effects on crystallite size, morphology, and phase purity. Lanthanum doping is known to modify lattice parameters, reduce coercivity, and enhance complex permittivity and permeability, which play crucial roles in absorption mechanisms. Furthermore, variations in dopant concentration significantly influence reflection loss values and effective absorption bandwidth. The reviewed literature indicates that optimization of composition and synthesis routes can produce materials with high absorption capability, good stability, and strong potential for application in electromagnetic interference mitigation devices. This review is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for future development of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite–based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. The comparative approach also highlights research challenges, industrial application opportunities, and future research directions relevant to the evolving demands of modern communication and defense technologies at both national and global levels.

Histology practicum, as one of the compulsory practicum courses, offers a great opportunity to practice various aspects of science process skills through microscopic tissue observation activities, identification of cell and tissue structures, and analysis of tissue functions in organisms. This study aims to analyze the science process skills biology education students through histology practicum activities. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method to analyze the science process skills of biology education students through histology practicum activities. Data collection in this study used three main techniques, namely science process skills tests, direct observation, and analysis of practicum report documents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using descriptive statistics to describe the profile of students' science process skills. Analysis per aspect revealed that students had good skills in the aspects of observing (78.50%), classifying (76.33%), interpreting data (71.67%), applying concepts (73.25%), and communicating results (73.40%), which indicates that histology practicum is effective in developing basic science process skills. However, the aspects of formulating hypotheses (58.17%) and planning experiments (54.83%) were still in the sufficient category, indicating that students experienced difficulties in integrated science process skills that require higher-order thinking skills. The findings this study provide important implications for the development of more comprehensive histology practicum learning strategies, including the integration of inquiry approaches, the use of continuous formative assessment, the application of differentiated learning, and strengthening the connection between theory and practice to optimize the development of all aspects of science process skills of prospective biology teachers.  

The increasing demand for paper has led to a shortage of wood-based raw materials, thus requiring environmentally friendly alternatives. This study aims to analyze the physical, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of paper made from cassava peels (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and oil palm fruit fibers (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as eco-friendly paper raw materials. The research method involved pulp preparation through delignification using 3.5% HNO₃ and 3% NaOH, bleaching with 10% H₂O₂, paper sheet formation with varying compositions (A = 70:30, B = 50:50, C = 30:70, D = 10:90), followed by grammage testing and tensile strain testing. The results showed that the grammage values ranged between 96.3–99.7 g/m², while tensile strain ranged between 2.6–4.4%. The study concluded that the best composition was found in sample C (30% cassava peel : 70% palm fiber) with a grammage of 98.5 g/m² and tensile strain of 3.2%. The implication of this study is that cassava peel and palm fiber waste have the potential to serve as alternative paper raw materials that meet the quality standards of A-grade printing paper (SNI 7274:2008), while also supporting the reduction of dependence on wood.

Low student achievement in mathematics, particularly in arithmetic sequences and series, has led to decreased learning motivation and participation. Therefore, innovative and engaging instructional strategies are required, one of which is the implementation of ice-breaking activities to reduce boredom and enhance students’ learning engagement. This study aimed to examine the effect of implementing ice breaking on the mathematics learning outcomes of tenth-grade students at SMK Kesehatan Samarinda in the topic of arithmetic sequences and series. This research employed an experimental method using a quasi-experimental design, involving two groups: an experimental group that received instruction incorporating ice breaking and a control group that did not receive such treatment. The total sample consisted of 60 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a learning achievement test administered as a pretest and posttest. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The results revealed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of ice breaking has a significant effect on improving students’ mathematics learning outcomes. This strategy creates a more active, interactive, and enjoyable learning environment, thereby facilitating students’ understanding of mathematical concepts, particularly arithmetic sequences and series.

This study discusses the implementation of the Self-Directed Learning Programme by integrating Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), and Learning Objective Processes (ATP) to enhance teaching quality and teacher professionalism. Using a library research method, this study analyses relevant scientific literature to understand the relationship between the integration of the three components of the education programme and classroom teaching practices. The research findings indicate that teachers still encounter challenges in understanding and integrating CP, TP, and ATP, particularly in planning, implementing teaching strategies, and conducting authentic assessments. However, when this integration is well executed, the teaching process becomes more purposeful, flexible and responsive to students' needs. Furthermore, integrating CP–TP–ATP has been shown to strengthen teachers' professionalism by enhancing their understanding of the curriculum, their ability to design learning activities, and their capacity to conduct competency-based assessment. This study confirms that the successful implementation of the Free Education Programme depends heavily on teachers' ability to understand the curriculum's structure and to integrate these three components consistently. Therefore, training, supporting, and developing teachers' competencies is an important requirement for the effective and sustainable implementation of the Liberal Education Programme.

Rainfall plays a crucial role in determining flood risk, particularly in regions with high precipitation intensity and limited drainage capacity. Langkat Regency in North Sumatra is one of the areas frequently affected by seasonal flooding. This study aims to model the spatial distribution of rainfall and estimate the rainwater volume using the double integral approach as a basis for flood mitigation planning. Monthly rainfall data from various observation stations in 2024 were processed to obtain the average rainfall intensity, which was then converted into meters and multiplied by the total area of Langkat Regency to compute the rainwater volume. The results indicate that the total estimated rainwater volume throughout 2024 reached 16,409,819,800 m³, with peak precipitation occurring from September to November, contributing significantly to the increasing flood risk in low‐lying zones and riverine areas. These findings demonstrate that the use of double integrals is an effective quantitative method for predicting potential flood volume based on rainfall distribution. The outcomes of this study are expected to serve as a scientific reference for local governments in developing data-driven flood mitigation strategies, such as improving drainage capacity, constructing retention basins, and strengthening watershed management.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom learning model in increasing students' learning interest in science subjects with material on the structure and function of living organisms in class 8D at SMPN 1 Sanrobone. The low interest in learning science among students is a major problem that needs to be addressed through more attractive and interactive learning innovations. The video animation-based flipped classroom model was chosen because it can optimize classroom learning time for more meaningful activities, while basic concept understanding is done independently through engaging animated videos. This study uses a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research subjects were  students of class 8D SMPN 1 Sanrobone in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. Research instruments used learning interest questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom model was able to increase students' learning interest with high categories in aspects of attention, interest, involvement, and learning satisfaction. Animated videos presented before face-to-face learning provide clear visualizations of the structure and function of living organisms, making students more prepared and enthusiastic to participate in discussions and practical activities in class. This learning model also encourages student learning independence and increases active interaction in learning. This study recommends the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom as an alternative effective and innovative science learning strategy to increase students' learning interest.

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescent L.) is known as one of the high sources of vitamin C, which acts as an important natural antioxidant for human health because the body is unable to produce its own. This study aims to analyse vitamin C levels in chili pepper using the iodometric titration method quantitatively by taking a 5 gram sample of chili pepper and titrating it using 0,1 N iodine solution. The analysis results showed that the vitamin C content obtained was 0,0704% or equivalent to 70,4 mg/100g. This value is higher than some research results. This value is higher than some previous research results on fruits and chillies from other regions. This finding shows that chilli pepper has great potential as a source of vitamin C in supporting the fulfilment of people’s daily nutrition. In addition, the iodometric titration method is proven to be effective and efficient to be used in the analysis of vitamin C in foodstuffs. Therefore, chili pepper consumption can be a simple strategy in improving nutritional and preventing disease related to vitamin C deficiency.

This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.

Work volume calculations are essential for project cost estimation. Many projects, such as the Laboratory Building of the Faculty Engineering at Tanjungpura University, calculate work volumes conventionally. Conventional calculation considered less efficient and prone to errors. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a solution that produces more accurate and efficient calculations than conventional methods. This research aims to compare structural work volume results produced by BIM using Autodesk Revit against conventional methods and project’s BOQ. This research also describes the benefits and challenges of BIM implementation based on the researcher’s experience applying BIM with Autodesk Revit in work volume calculation. The comparison between BIM and conventional method shows a maximum difference of 2% across all work items. Meanwhile, the comparison between BIM and the BOQ shows significant differences: 81% in column formwork area, 24% in grade beam/beam concrete volume, 25% in column reinforcement weight, 25% in steel beam weight, and 10% in the steel plate weight. This research proves that BIM implementation produces more accurate and efficient calculations and serves as an effective BOQ cross-check tool. Based on the researcher’s experience in implementing BIM with Autodesk Revit, challenges found in procurement aspects, modeling aspects, and model dependency on reference drawings.    

That Christian Religious Education teachers update their professionalism and competencies to ensure that Christian education remains relevant, effective, and transformative. This study aims to analyze the modernization of the professionalism of Christian Religious Education teachers, including the integration of spirituality with modern pedagogical approaches and strategies for developing teacher competencies in addressing the challenges of the digital generation. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through literature review from books, journals, notes, and relevant reports, and presenting the findings in a narrative form. The results show that the modernization of teacher competencies involves the development of pedagogical, personal, social, spiritual, and professional competencies, with the ability to integrate spirituality, technology, and modern teaching methods such as collaborative and digital learning to create contextual, engaging, and transformative learning experiences. In conclusion, the modernization of professionalism among Christian Religious Education teachers is an urgent necessity to enable teachers to deliver God’s Word in a relevant manner, shape students’ character and spirituality, and enhance the effectiveness of Christian education through mastery of holistic and collaborative competencies.  

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the implementation of a simplified Mini-QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Environment) system in improving working conditions at the Syams Handicraft woven craft MSME in Pati Regency, Central Java. The study used a quantitative method with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 47 workers as respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and observations before and after the twelve-week intervention. The results showed that the implementation of the Mini-QHSE system was able to significantly reduce the level of occupational safety and health risks and significantly improve worker welfare. Further analysis revealed that the Mini-QHSE system made a significant contribution to variations in OHS risks and worker welfare. The dimension of safe work procedures proved to be the most influential factor in reducing work risks, while the training aspect was the main factor in improving worker welfare. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Mini-QHSE system designed according to the capacity and characteristics of MSMEs is effective in creating a safer and more prosperous work environment. This model has the potential to be applied to similar MSMEs with contextual adjustments as a practical solution in managing quality, safety, and occupational health in the micro-business sector.

This study examines the renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Baru as an effort to synchronize with the Criminal Code (KUHP) 2023, as well as analyzing crucial articles that potentially cause legal uncertainty in the criminal justice process in Indonesia. Using a juridical-normative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this research analyzes secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that KUHAP Baru successfully addresses some of the mismatches with KUHP 2023 through regulations on alternative punishments, corporate accountability, and protection for vulnerable groups, but still faces conceptual and technical challenges such as legislative disharmony and minimal public participation. On the other hand, crucial articles such as Articles 5, 16, 74, 90, 93, 105, 112A, 124, 132A, and 137A pose risks of legal uncertainty due to the expansion of law enforcement authority without adequate oversight, which can violate the due process principle and human rights. The study's conclusion emphasizes the need for further revisions to strengthen legal certainty and harmonize the criminal justice system.

This study examines the video content production process at Digital Hub Sinar Mas Land as a visual communication strategy to support branding for a digital innovation area. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for organizations to produce creative and informative content as social media becomes a primary channel for information distribution. The study aims to describe the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production, and to identify challenges that affect the effectiveness of video content creation. A qualitative descriptive method was used through active participation, observation, interviews, and literature review. The findings show that concept planning, scriptwriting, and storyboard development form the foundation of successful production. The production stage emphasizes camera techniques, talent coordination, and visual consistency aligned with communication goals. The post-production stage focuses on technical editing to strengthen the audiovisual message structure and prepare content for publication. Key challenges were found in storyboard development, talent performance during filming, and audio processing that required detailed adjustments. The results highlight the importance of thorough planning and coordinated teamwork to ensure that video content effectively supports branding strategies.

Introduction: Dental and oral health problems in school-age children are still a major public health concern. The Little Doctor Program is a school-based health promotion approach that involves the active role of students as agents of change. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Small Doctors in promoting dental health in elementary schools. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest–posttest approach. The subjects of the study were elementary school students who participated in dental health promotion activities by Small Doctors. Interventions include counseling, demonstrations of proper brushing of teeth, and the use of educational media. Data were collected using a questionnaire of dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant improvement in students' dental health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Small Doctor Program is effective as a strategy for promoting dental health in elementary schools and has the potential to support promotional and preventive efforts for children's dental health.

Antenatal Care (ANC) is a health service provided to pregnant women during pregnancy by healthcare professionals in accordance with established standards, one of which is the implementation of the 10T ANC service components. The quality of ANC services plays an important role in determining pregnant women’s satisfaction, which in turn affects their compliance with antenatal visits and the effectiveness of pregnancy monitoring. Maternal satisfaction is an essential indicator for assessing the quality of healthcare services at primary healthcare facilities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between 10T Antenatal Care services and pregnant women’s satisfaction at Biru-Biru Public Health Center in 2025. This research employed a quantitative method with an analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, involving 48 third-trimester pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires that assessed the implementation of 10T ANC services and the level of maternal satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed statistically to determine the relationship between the variables. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights into the importance of optimal implementation of 10T ANC standards. Therefore, healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are encouraged to continuously improve the quality of ANC services to enhance pregnant women’s satisfaction and support efforts to improve maternal and child health outcomes.

This study investigates the effectiveness of a multimodal approach in improving students’ English reading comprehension at SMPN 10 South Tangerang during the 2025/2026 academic year. Involving 42 eighth-grade students, the research aimed to determine whether integrating various modes of learning—such as text, images, audio, and video—could enhance reading comprehension more effectively than traditional text-based instruction. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was used to measure students’ progress before and after the implementation of multimodal learning. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test to identify significant differences between the two tests. The results indicated a notable improvement, with the mean score increasing from 70.48 on the pre-test to 79.76 on the post-test, representing a gain of 9.28 points. The significance value (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000) confirmed that the improvement was statistically meaningful. These findings demonstrate that multimodal instruction enhances comprehension by presenting information through multiple sensory channels, supporting diverse learning preferences, and creating a more engaging and interactive learning environment. The study concludes that the multimodal approach is an effective method for teaching reading comprehension in junior high school and recommends broader application in English classrooms to strengthen students’ motivation, understanding, and overall learning outcomes.

The rapid growth of social media in Indonesia has transformed marketing communication strategies, particularly in producing creative promotional content. Instagram Reels has emerged as an effective platform for building brand awareness through short and engaging videos. This study was conducted during an internship at PT Waskita Fim Perkasa Realti and focuses on the production process of Instagram Reels content for Vasaka Solterra. The first objective is to examine the workflow of promotional video production across three stages, pre-production, production, and post-production. The second objective is to identify challenges faced by the Marketing Communication Division. Using qualitative methods, including observation, interviews, participation, and literature review. This study found that pre-production involves idea development, content research, and storyboard creation. The production stage includes smartphone-based video shooting and voice-over recording to ensure message clarity. Post-production centers on editing using CapCut and applying a consistent visual identity before publication. The study also identifies several obstacles, such as limited human resources, minimal equipment availability, and coordination delays with external partners. These findings highlight the need for increased production personnel, improved interdepartmental collaboration, and enhanced equipment support to optimize the overall content production process.