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This study aims to analyze the legal consequences arising from changes to personal data made by data subjects on the validity of collateral that has been used as security for credit, as well as to examine the forms of legal protection that may be granted to creditors. Changes to personal data such as identity, address, and the debtor’s legal status may lead to legal uncertainty regarding the validity of credit security agreements, particularly those involving Hak Tanggungan (mortgage rights). In this research, the author employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings of this study show that changes to personal data without notification or updates to the security documents have the potential to create administrative discrepancies and legal risks for creditors during the execution of the collateral. Legal protection for creditors needs to be strengthened through the regulation of the debtor’s obligation to report any changes in personal data, updates to the security certificates, and clear provisions outlined in the credit agreement. Accordingly, legal certainty between the creditor and the debtor can be maintained in line with the implementation of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.

The execution of Mortgage Rights (Hak Tanggungan) represents legal certainty as regulated in Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. Execution of the collateral object can be carried out through private sale, parate execution, or based on an executorial title. This mechanism reflects good faith and trust between the creditor and debtor in a lending agreement. In line with Sharia principles, the murabahah financing contract also allows for collateral (rahn tasjily), granting the creditor the authority to execute the collateral object if the debtor defaults. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Mortgage Rights execution in Sharia financing, specifically under the murabahah contract. The method used is normative juridical research with a descriptive approach, employing statutory and case study analysis, and based on literature and relevant regulations. The results indicate that land rights can serve as collateral under Mortgage Rights in Sharia financing. This is confirmed in the Supreme Court Decision Number 179K/Pdt/2017, which serves as jurisprudential precedent for Decision Number 3/Yur/2018, where the collateral is executed through a Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights. The position of the creditor in a murabahah contract is equivalent to that in conventional financing, as confirmed in the DSN-MUI Fatwa, thus the creditor retains the right to execute even if the debtor defaults before the due date.

This study aims to examine the use of amortization schedules and the repayment fund approach in Public Housing Credit. By applying quantitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this study simulates a mortgage with a credit ceiling of Rp163,800,000, a tenor of 15 years, and an interest rate of 5.65% for the first to fifth year and 13% for the sixth to fifteenth year. The results of the simulation show that without any additional strategies, the total interest to be paid reaches Rp138,887,134.14, which is almost equivalent to the total principal loan. However, by using a sinking fund strategy through regular savings of Rp1,000,000 every month (with an interest rate of 0.25% per month) for 5 years, the collected funds are Rp64,444,800 which significantly reduces the remaining principal loan. As a result, the total interest is reduced to Rp87,864,324.85, which means there is a savings of Rp51. 022. 809.29. Furthermore, this strategy has the potential to shorten repayment time. In conclusion, sinking funds are an effective approach to reducing interest burden and accelerating the repayment of Public Housing Loans.

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a financing program distributed by the government through banking institutions, including Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives. In its implementation, KUR credit is not free from various problems, one of which is non-performing loans. This study aims to determine the factors causing non-performing loans and efforts to resolve them in KUR loans at Bank BRI Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data sources derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct interviews with relevant parties. The results show that the main causes of non-performing loans are divided into two major factors. First, external factors, namely those originating from the customer. This problem is generally related to the customer's inability to pay installments due to business failure. Second, internal factors, such as the failure of creditworthiness analysis by bank officers, resulting in prospective debtors who are actually unworthy actually receiving loans. In resolving non-performing loans, BRI Bank's Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit, applies five main methods: (1) changing the loan interest rate, (2) reducing fines or penalties, (3) reducing the outstanding principal, (4) extending the loan term, and (5) selling collateral. Additionally, there are also settlement methods that involve a combination of these five methods, depending on the debtor's circumstances and the agreement between the two parties.

In the evolving dynamics of Indonesia's economy, unsecured loans or Kredit Tanpa Agunan (KTA) have rapidly grown as a popular financial solution. The ease of application and fund disbursement makes these products especially attractive to micro-entrepreneurs and lower-middle-income communities. However, behind the convenience lies a serious issue: a high rate of default or breach of contract (wanprestasi). This problem is exacerbated by the low level of legal literacy among the public, leading to a lack of understanding of their rights and obligations in financing agreements. Most individuals are also unaware that there is a faster, simpler, and low-cost legal mechanism available for resolving civil disputes—namely, the Small Claims Court procedure, as regulated by the Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 4 of 2019. This mechanism can be utilized by the general public, especially clients of microfinance institutions and credit cooperatives, to resolve civil conflicts involving claims of up to IDR 500 million without going through complex litigation. To address this issue, this community engagement activity aimed to improve public legal understanding of the Small Claims Procedure through participatory-based training. The training involved 50 participants from microfinance institutions and savings and loan cooperatives. The methods used included legal counseling, mock court simulations, group discussions, and case studies to provide participants with practical knowledge of the procedures and benefits of filing small claims. The results of the activity indicated that 78% of participants reported a better understanding of the Small Claims mechanism after the training, and 65% stated they were more inclined to use it compared to conventional litigation routes. This training had a positive impact on raising legal awareness, potentially reducing default rates, and contributing to the development of a more inclusive, fair, and sustainable financial system.

Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) is a legal mechanism that provides an opportunity for creditors and debtors to submit a debt reschedule plan to avoid bankruptcy. In the PKPU process, creditors have a role in determining the success of the agreement. In this case, concurrent creditors are more advantaged, because their position can be equal to that of separatist creditors who have collateral. This study examines how the existence of concurrent creditor sovereignty in the agreement process through PKPU, and to what extent the regulations regarding concurrent creditors and their rights are benefited in the cassation decision, especially in the Supreme Court Decision Number 751 K /Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024. This research is a normative legal research, with prescriptive legal approach and conceptual approach. The types of data used include primary and secondary legal materials, which are collected through literature studies. The legal material analysis technique uses the syllogism and interpretation methods. The results of the analysis, this study identifies how the protection of concurrent creditor sovereignty in peace through PKPU. And how the Supreme Court Decision in Decision No. 751 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024 pays more attention to concurrent creditors. In this discussion, shows how the regulations and legal protection of concurrent creditors, while discussing the Supreme Court Decision No. 751 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024 which gave rise to polemics in the interpretation of the provisions of Article 281 paragraph 1. However, it is likely to reflect the judiciary in considering all creditors and debtors, to achieve equal justice for all parties.

This study aims to (1) determine the legal provisions regarding the execution of fiduciary guarantees based on Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees, (2) determine the legal limitations in the execution of fiduciary guarantees against problematic credit based on applicable legal provisions. The type of research used is normative legal research, using a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that although normatively fiduciary execution can be carried out directly by the creditor based on a fiduciary certificate that has executorial power, in practice various obstacles arise. These obstacles include the unregistered fiduciary deed, imperfect agreements, debtor approval, to the decision of the Constitutional Court which guarantees the existence of a default agreement and court involvement if an agreement occurs. This study concludes that legal protection for debtors is getting stronger, but the effectiveness of fiduciary as a credit guarantee faces new challenges in its implementation.

MSMEs are productive economic businesses run by individuals or small business entities to grow and develop their businesses in order to build the economy, so that MSMEs become the most important pillars in the Indonesian economy. The large number of competitors in the business world requires entrepreneurs to find strategies that can increase the sales cycle and fulfill the number of requests. Solusi Cash & Kredit is a company engaged in cash and credit sales of smartphones, furniture, and electronics. According to the owner of Solusi Cash & Kredit, Vivo smartphones are one of the best-selling brands on the market. The phenomenon that occurred in the company during August 2023 to June 2024 was the occurrence of fluctuations or instability in product sales levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the comparison of sales forecasting with the Exponential Smoothingi and Least Square methods. The results obtained were that the exponential smoothing alpha 0.3 method had a MAPE value of 18.27% with a forecast value for the next period of 34 units per month. Alpha 0.5 had a MAPE value of 14.74% with a forecast value for the next period of 36 units per month. Alpha 0.7 had a MAPE value of 12.64% with a forecast value for the next period of 36 units per month. Alpha 0.9 had a MAPE value of 11.7% with a forecast value for the next period of 37 units per month. The least square method had a MAPE value of 7.2% with a forecast value for the next period of 41 units per month.

Pemberian kredit selalu memiliki risiko seperti kredit macet, sehingga pihak kreditur (bank) dituntut untuk lebih objektif dan akurat dalam mengevaluasi setiap permohonan kredit. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna menemukan algoritma mana yang paling akurat dalam memberikan suatu keputusan kredit, dengan melakukan perbandingan terhadap algoritma XGBoost dan algoritma Random Forest. Pada kedua algoritma digunakan data berukuran 10.000 dan 100.000 dengan 19 variabel yang relevan dalam pengambilan keputusan kartu kredit. Proses penelitian ini melibatkan pre-processing data, splitting data, training data, parameter tuning dengan Random Search, testing data, serta evaluasi model dengan confusion matrix. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kedua algoritma menghasilkan kinerja model yang cukup kompetitif, dimana XGBoost mampu mencapai 1.0 untuk semua metrik evaluasi baik pada data berukuran 10.000 maupun data berukuran 100.000. Random Forest sendiri berakurasi 0.998 untuk data berukuran 10.000 dan 0.999 untuk data berukuran 100.000. Akan tetapi, Random Forest hanya mampu mencapai F1-score sebesar 0.700 untuk data berukuran 10.000. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua algoritma memiliki performa yang sangat baik dan akurat dalam mengklasifikasikan keputusan pada data kartu kredit. Namun, Random Forest kurang akurat bila digunakan pada data berukuran kecil yang tidak seimbang.

Credit Guarantee in the Syndicated Bank Credit Agreement is the most important guarantee in the Syndicated Credit Agreement which is the main discussion in this Legal Writing. The method that the author uses in this legal research is normative juridical, where the documents used as guidelines in the preparation are primary legal documents and secondary legal documents. The Credit Guarantee in the Syndicated Credit Agreement that I will use is a credit guarantee with concession rights which includes toll road concession revenues, escrow accounts, and insurance claims. The Credit Guarantee is important to cover or guarantee the Creditors in the Syndicated Bank in the event of a default or bad credit or default from the Debtor. Collateral as regulated in Law number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking as amended by Law number 10 of 1998 concerning Amendments to Law number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, guarantee is defined as "faith in faith and ability and ability of the customer or debtor to pay off the debt or return the financing as agreed. Credit guarantees (debts) as regulated in article 1131 of the Civil Code are "all objects of the debtor, both movable and immovable, both existing and those that will exist in the future, become dependents for all individual engagements". The credit guarantee that will be discussed in this legal writing is the credit guarantee in the Syndicate Credit Agreement or syndicate loan in the form of concessions. Concession is the granting of rights, permits, or land by the Government, companies, individuals, or other legal entities. The granting of concession rights is generally applied to the development of partnerships between the government and the private sector. Syndicated credit is one of the types of credit, but the difference in Syndicated Loans is related to the number of creditors. In the Syndicated Credit Agreement, the creditor is more than one creditor. The discussion of Syndicated Credit Guarantee that will be discussed in this legal writing is the Credit Guarantee in the Syndicated Credit Agreement between PT. JJP with PT. BNI Bank, PT. Bank Mandiri, PT. Bank BRI and PT. Bank BPD Central Java in terms of the construction of the Semarang Toll Road. The object of the Credit Guarantee in the Syndicated Credit Agreement in the form of Concession Rights which is not a fiduciary or mortgage must be made in the agreement related to the risks that will occur as a result of the syndicated credit agreement, especially on the guarantee so that no party is harmed from the syndicated credit agreement and development can run smoothly. In this regard, the Government should always be innovative towards legal regulations in line with development progress so that they do not become legal problems in the future.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur pemberian kredit pada KSP Kopdit Pintu Air Cabang Koting jika ditinjau dari prosedur pemberian kredit oleh badan hukum yang terdiri dari 9 komponen prosedur pemberian kredit yaitu pengajuan berkas-berkas, penyelidikan berkas pinjaman, wawancara I, on the spot, wawancara II, keputusan kredit, penandatanganan akad kredit, realisasi kredit, dan penyaluran/penarikan dana. Data penilitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan kepala bagian kredit, observasi dan dokumentasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prosedur pemberian kredit pada KSP Kopdit Pintu Air Cabang Koting sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sudah mengikuti standar prosedur yang ditetapkan dan membantu proses pemberian kredit pada Koperasi. Namun adanya sedikit kekurangan dalam langkah-langkah pada prosedur pemberian kredit sehingga prosedur pemberian kredit menjadi lebih sederhana dibandingkan dengan standar prosedur yang ditetapkan. Namun kekurangan yang ada dalam prosedur pemberian kredit tidak sepenuhnya menjadi faktor utama terjadi kredit macet. Dikarenakan tahapan yang terjadi kekurangan tersebut terdapat pada pinjaman kecil. Sedangkan Faktor utama disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal yang datang dari anggota peminjam itu sendiri terkhususnya anggota peminam dengan nominal besar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kredit macet dan dampak penyelesaian kredit macet terhadap kinerja keuangan pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Zaitun Sipeapea Kecamatan Sorkam Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada bagian lapangan dan manajer KSP Zaitun Sipeapea Kecamatan Sorkam Barat dan anggota yang pernah mengalami Kredit macet. Populasi yang diambil yaitu Kesuluruhan Nasabah yang mengalami kredit macet tahun 2021 dan sampel 4 anggota yang mengalami kredit macet,Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa sudah berbagai antisipasi dilakukan oleh pihak  KSP Zaitun Sipeapea kredit macet selalu ada setiap tahun. Faktor penyebab terjadinya macet meliputi karakter anggota, masalah ekonomi anggota. Oleh sebab itu, kredit macet harus dicegah sejak dini agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian. Salah satu bentuk strategi yang dilakukan oleh pihak KSP Zaitun Sipeapea, jika penyebabnya karena karakter debitur/anggota hal yang dilakukan adalah pengintensifan kunjungan ketempat tinggal dan usaha anggota/debitur, melakukan pendekatan persuasif, memberikan tenggang waktu kepada nasabah. Dan jika penyebabnya karena masalah ekonomi pihak KSP Zaitun Sipeapea  akan melakukan rescheduling (penjadwalan kembali) dengan dasar kesepakatan bersama, dan yang terakhir melakukan eksekusi jaminan. Kinerja KSP Zaitun Sipeapea sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya strategi dilihat dari rasio likuiditas, aktivitas dan profitabilitas berdasarkan ketetapan indikator adalah kurang efisien dan efektif, sehingga dapat dikatakan dampak terhadap kinerja keuangan kurang baik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kredit macet dan dampak penyelesaiannya.Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada bagian lapangan dan manajer Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea dan Nasabah yang pernah mengalami Kredit macet. Populasi yang diambil yaitu Kesuluruhan Nasabah yang mengalami kredit macet tahun 2012 dan sampel 3 nasabah yang mengalami kredit macet,pada dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa sudah berbagai antisipasi dilakukan oleh pihak  Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea kredit macet selalu ada setiap tahun. Faktor penyebab terjadinya macet meliputi karakter nasabah, masalah ekonomi nasabah. Oleh sebab itu, kredit macet harus dicegah sejak dini agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian. Salah satu bentuk strategi yang dilakukan oleh pihak Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea 1) jika penyebabnya karena karakter debitur hal yang dilakukan adalah Pengintensifan kunjungan ketempat tinggal dan usaha debitur, melakukan pendekatan persuasif, memberikan tenggang waktu kepada nasabah. 2) jika penyebabnya karena masalah ekonomi pihak Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea  akan melakukan rescheduling (penjadwalan kembali) dengan dasar kesepakatan bersama, dan yang terakhir melakukan eksekusi jaminan. Kinerja Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea sebelum dan sesudah diterapkannya strategi dilihat dari rasio likuiditas, aktivitas dan profitabilitas berdasarkan ketetapan indikator adalah kurang efisien dan efektif, sehingga dapat dikatakan dampak terhadap kinerja keuangan kurang baik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga Kredit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Nasabah Pada Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif untuk membahas permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh keuangan perusahaan . Analisis data dijelaskan dengan mengunakan hasil beberapa analisis sub-data yang linear mengenai tingkat suku bunga kredit terhadap pertumbuhan nasabah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang negatif antara tingkat suku bunga kredit dan pertumbuhan nasabah pada Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah sebesar -0,544 sehingga apabila diinterpretasikan dalam skala nilai dapat dikategorikan rendah. Persamaan regresi yang diperoleh Y= 86,088 – 4,476X  yang menunjukkan pengaruh tingkat suku bunga kredit terhadap pertumbuhan nasabah pada Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea Kabupaten Tapanuli. Uji t menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan ditolak (tidak Signifikan) kebenarannya, dimana t hitung -1,123 < 3,18245 yang berarti pertumbuhan nasabah belum tentu bertambah sebesar koefisien regresi / slop (-4,476) apabila variabel tingkat suku bunga kredit ditambah dengan satu satuan. Sementara koefisien determinasi diketahui bahwa tingkat suku bunga kredit hanya berperan sebesar 29,6% terhadap pertumbuhan nasabah pada Credit Union (CU) Tani Sehat Sipeapea Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah dan sisanya sebesar 70,4% dipengaruhi faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian.

The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the criminal law protection of embezzlement of assets (Boedel Bankruptcy) of debtors that result in losses to creditors, and obstacles to criminal law enforcement for embezzlement of debtors' assets that result in the formulation of the problem What is the position of criminal law Embezzlement of debtors on their assets that causes creditor losses and how to overcome them. The method used in this study uses the Normative juridical approach method, the data sources are secondary data and primary legal materials.  Research Results (1).  Legal protection of the criminal act of embezzlement of the debtor that causes losses to the debtor, after being declared bankrupt by a judge is a criminal act of embezzlement regulated by Article 372 of the Criminal Code and Article 400 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, because the fulfillment of the criminal elements is fulfilled. (2). Obstacles faced, Uncooperation of the insolvent debtor in carrying out legal proceedings due to the lack of level of legal awareness possessed by the insolvent debtor. To overcome this, the bankrupt debtor should comply with the contents of the decision of the Supreme Court case Number 2K / Pdt.Sus-Pailit / 2019 willing to submit the legality of access to the curator team that will resolve, and as a good Indonesian citizen must obey, submit, and obey the laws and laws in force in Indonesia.

Penelitian yang digunakan dalam Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Strategi Implementasi Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Proses Pengambilan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero)Tbk. Kantor Cabang Tamalanrea Makassar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu metode deskriptif yaitu mendasarkan pada hasil interview dengan informan. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam  Literasi Keuangan Keuangan Terhadap Proses Pengambilan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero)Tbk. Kantor Cabang Tamalanrea Makassar, penulis menggunakan pengamatan langsung ke lapangan serta melakukan wawancara pada pegawai yang bertanggung jawab pada Literasi Keuangan pada Pengambilan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR). Setelah melakukan analisa dan pembahasan masalah, penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Literasi Keuangan dalam Proses Pengambilan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) pada PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero)Tbk. Kantor Cabang Tamalanrea Makassar sudah efektif, karena dengan diterapkannya Literasi Keuangan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero)Tbk. Kantor Cabang Tamalanrea Makassar memperoleh peningkatan laba serta memberikan dampak yang baik bagi perusahaan.    

Ratu Motor merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang jual-beli sepeda motor baru/bekas yang telah lama berkecimpung di bisnis ini dan seperti perusahaan lainnya, perusahaan ini juga menginginkan pertumbuhan laba yang signifikan untuk bisnis tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah tingkat suku bunga berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan ini. Penelitian ini penting untuk mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan dari kebijakan perusahaan yang ada sekarang untuk diperbaiki.Dalam melaksanakan penelitian, metode yang digunakan meliputi wawancara langsung dengan karyawan di sana dan observasi di lapangan.Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa selama ini tingkat suku bunga yang diterapkan belum cukup meningkatkan profit pada perusahaan dan oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu perencanaan untuk memperbaiki masalah tersebut. Maka dari itu perusahaan perlu melakukan perencanaan dan pengawasan lebih terhadap tingkat suku bunga yang akan diberikan terhadap konsumen yang hendak membeli sepeda motor secara kredit.