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Hypertension is one of the main risk factors that can cause damage to target organs, including the eyes. One of the complications that often occur in hypertensive patients is hypertensive retinopathy, which is damage to retinal blood vessels due to a persistent increase in blood pressure. This damage can be progressive and asymptomatic in the early stages, so it often goes undetected until severe visual disturbances appear. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of blood pressure control in the prevention of ocular complications in hypertensive patients through a literature review. The method used is literature review by selecting national and international research articles published in 2021–2025 from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Inclusion criteria include full-text articles, relevant research designs, and discussing the relationship between blood pressure control and ocular complications. The results of the study showed that uncontrolled blood pressure increased the risk of retinal damage, decreased ocular perfusion, and microvascular changes detected through funduscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) examinations. Some studies have concluded that stable blood pressure control, not just the average value of blood pressure, has a significant effect in preventing the progression of hypertensive retinopathy. In addition, regular eye exams have been proven to be able to detect retinal changes early, so that preventive interventions can be carried out in a timely manner. Thus, optimal blood pressure control, therapy adherence, healthy lifestyle education, and regular retinal examinations are effective strategies in preventing ocular complications and maintaining vision quality in hypertensive patients.

In the era of digital transformation, modern, systematic, and integrated archive management has become a crucial element in creating effective, efficient, and accountable education governance. Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) teachers in East Java still face obstacles in implementing technology-based archive management due to limited digital literacy, lack of supporting facilities, and minimal ongoing training relevant to 21st-century needs. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the professional competence of MPLB teachers in modern archive management through interactive workshop-based training, intensive mentoring, and direct simulation of the use of digital archiving applications. The implementation methods included participant needs analysis, problem-solving-based module development, digital archive management practice using a cloud system, and pre-test and post-test-based evaluation to measure competency improvement. The results of the activity showed an average increase in participant understanding of 42%, a 58% increase in operational skills in using archiving applications, and a 35% increase in archive management time efficiency. In addition, teachers are able to implement an electronic file classification system in schools and build a database of digitized documents. These activities strengthen transparent and sustainable educational administration, as well as supporting the realization of inclusive and globally competitive education in line with the Asta Cita vision towards Indonesia Emas 2030.

The use of electronic cigarettes (vapes) among adolescents continues to increase and has emerged as a significant public health concern influenced by the interaction of individual, social, and environmental factors. This study aims to comprehensively riview the factors influencing adolescent e-cigarette use from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory. A descriptive-narrative literature review was conducted using empirical national and international studies published between 2015 and 2025 and retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The synthesis of the literature indicates that adolescent vaping behavior is influenced by social environmental factors, including peer influence and exposure to social media, as well as personal cognitive factors such as knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy. These factors operate thorugh observational learning and reciprocal interactions between individuals, environment, and behavior. This review concludes that Social Cognitive Theory provides a relevant and comprehensive framework for understanding adolescent vaping behavior and offers a foundations for the development of effective health promotion interventions and preventive policies.

The transition to the remote working era has reached a point of stabilization as a fundamental structure in the 2025 global employment landscape. This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the impact of remote work on employee productivity, mental well-being, and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration. By analyzing large-scale secondary data (>10,000 participants) from various authoritative databases, the study finds that productivity experienced a net increase of 13% to 22%. The primary driver is the average commute time saving of 72 minutes per day, which is converted into productive work hours. However, findings also indicate a risk of digital burnout in 69% of respondents due to an "always-on" work culture. AI integration has assisted 65% of workers in automating administrative tasks, shifting focus toward strategic work. This research concludes that the success of remote work models requires a shift in leadership style toward trust-based management and formal policies regarding the "right to disconnect.".

Anemia during pregnancy is a significant maternal health issue with serious impacts on maternal and perinatal outcomes, including complications such as severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and low birth weight (LBW), all of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to analyze the clinical impacts of pregnancy anemia, related complications, and effective management strategies based on the latest scientific evidence (2020-2024). The study examines the relationship between anemia and preeclampsia, LBW, and postpartum hemorrhage, as well as the importance of nutritional fulfillment in prevention and management. Five research articles from indexed journals were collected from the Scopus database, with inclusion criteria of studies with clear designs, focusing on pregnancy anemia, and published in Indonesian or English. The analysis results show that pregnancy anemia is a predisposing factor for preeclampsia through mechanisms such as placental hypoxia and oxidative stress. Anemia is also closely related to an increased incidence of LBW and postpartum hemorrhage, particularly due to lower hemoglobin reserves and uterine contractility issues. Adequate nutritional fulfillment is influenced by socioeconomic barriers, supplementation side effects, and lack of family support. Anemia management requires a comprehensive approach, including routine screening, prophylactic supplementation, nutritional education, and effective referral systems for complex cases. Prevention through early detection and timely intervention is crucial in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Dysregulation of the immune system is associated with many medical conditions, including: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer. Most popular model today. In biomedical research, rodents, despite the many advantages they offer, there are also many drawbacks to its use. Recently, another in vivo model, the chicken Embryos and their chorioallantoic membranes are resurfaced for a variety of uses. This model includes cost-effectiveness, time-efficiency, Easier to use. This review describes how to use chicken embryos. As a model for immune-based research because it gradually develops the embryonic immune system, Systems functionally similar to humans. This study examined mainly intended to describbe the immune system of birds, highlighting the differences and similarities with the human immune system A system containing a repertoire of lymphoid tissue, immune cells, and other important functions. A literature search was carried out systematically through the PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar databases using keywords, namely, “Chicken embryo model, Perspective, Novel and relevant models Immunity, based research”. Based on these keywords, 21350 articles were obtained and 50 articles that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Those helped to describe general in-ovo immune ontogeny. Future studies are suggested to better tailor the use of chicken embryo models for testing carrying out specific experimental hypotheses or preclinical studies.

Environmental stress can affect the development of the embryo, including causing the death of the embryo. Environmental factors that can cause stress include salinity and zinc sulfate, zinc sulphate is a trace element and can affect embryonic development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environment in Chicken embryonic development. A literature search was carried out systematically through the PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar databases using keywords, namely, “heat, stress, embryo, chicken”. Based on these keywords, the articles obtained were first selected by setting several inclusion criteria. Articles that do not meet the inclusion criteria are eliminated, and articles that meet the criteria will be analysed to obtain data. Based on the search results 21326 articles were obtained, and 21 articles that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. The result above also showed that heat stress give impact to development of embryo. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the environment has an impact on the development of the embryo. Further studies are needed, especially those related to other types of stress that can affect embryonic development in various types of animals.

Canine dwarfism is a growth disorder resulting from physiological dysfunction within the endocrine system, primarily due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency commonly caused by abnormal pituitary development. GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) play essential roles in regulating the growth of bones, muscles, skin, and internal organs through the hypothalamic–pituitary–liver axis. Under normal conditions, the hypothalamus controls GH secretion, which subsequently stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1 as the main mediator of growth. Genetic abnormalities such as LHX3 mutations can impair somatotroph cell differentiation and reduce GH production, ultimately leading to decreased IGF-1 levels. The deficiency of these hormones disrupts chondrocyte proliferation in the epiphyseal plates, decreases muscle protein synthesis, and negatively affects the development of tissues such as skin, hair, and reproductive organs. This study was conducted using a literature review method by searching scientific databases and selecting relevant publications addressing the physiological, clinical, and pathophysiological aspects of canine dwarfism. Literature analysis indicates that GH deficiency leads to clinical manifestations such as stunted body size, thin and easily shedding hair, dry and infection-prone skin, reduced muscle mass, metabolic disturbances, and delayed reproductive maturation. Diagnosis is established through clinical evaluation, IGF-1 measurement as an indicator of GH activity, and radiographic assessment of epiphyseal plate development. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between physiological abnormalities and clinical signs is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of dwarfism, providing a strong scientific foundation for understanding the hormonal mechanisms disrupted in this condition.

Burns are one of the global health problems that still cause high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in countries with limited resources. Burn management is currently undergoing rapid development through a multidisciplinary approach that includes early resuscitation, local wound care, infection control, pain management, nutritional support, and long-term rehabilitation. This study uses the literature review method by examining articles from international databases for the period 2020–2025 to obtain the latest information on burn management updates. The results of the analysis showed that innovative therapies such as the use of stem cells, biomaterials (e.g. fish skin graft), as well as nanomedicine technology with silver nanoparticles have been proven to accelerate tissue healing and reduce complications. In addition, classic approaches such as early debridement, modern dressing selection, and enteral nutrition remain the primary basis in clinical treatment. Psychosocial and physical rehabilitation aspects are also increasingly considered because they have a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. Although various therapeutic innovations have shown promising results, translation to clinical practice still faces barriers in the form of cost, regulation, and limited facilities. Therefore, updates on burn management are needed to ensure more effective, efficient, and equitable management in modern medical practice.

Enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy on ships is crucial for reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method, aiming to design and implement a solar panel optimization system for battery charging, with a focus on increasing power efficiency and providing real-time performance monitoring. The system is designed using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology to maximize the solar panel's power output. A 200Wp solar panel with dimensions of 1290 x 760 x 30 mm was utilized. Static testing results show that the deployed sensors possess a high degree of accuracy, with an average error of 0.71% for the temperature sensor and only 1.81% for the light sensor used to monitor environmental conditions. Dynamic and system integration tests prove that the MPPT implementation significantly increases power output efficiency by 30.83% compared to a system without MPPT. Furthermore, the system with MPPT charges the battery approximately 27% faster. Additionally, the developed Modbus protocol-based monitoring system enables comprehensive and remote monitoring of key parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity via a cloud database. Data communication reliability tests confirmed the system's capability to transmit entire data packets to a Google Sheets database at a periodic interval of 15 seconds without failure. Based on these results, the developed solar panel optimization system is feasible for implementation in maritime environments to enhance the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and the operational reliability of onboard systems.

This study aims to analyze the role of communication in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems in creating customer satisfaction at PT Bangkit Jaya Teknik Indonesia, a business-to-business (B2B) cold storage installation service company. The research background lies in the increasing number of customer complaints during 2022–2024, mainly due to delayed responses, suboptimal after-sales service, and the absence of a centralized communication record system. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with internal parties (marketing project, project manager, project PIC) and customers, as well as company archival documentation. The findings reveal that responsive, open, and two-way communication plays a significant role in enhancing customers’ sense of being valued, trust, and loyalty, which ultimately fosters satisfaction. However, communication barriers such as delays in after-sales service, gaps between customer expectations and company procedures, and the lack of a communication database remain major challenges. To overcome these, the company has initiated strategies including the development of a customer communication database, improved after-sales monitoring, and the adjustment of communication standard operating procedures to align with customer needs. These results reinforce the relevance of Relationship Management theory and the IDIC model, both of which emphasize communication as the core of CRM. Theoretically, this study contributes to organizational communication studies, while practically, it provides recommendations for B2B service companies to prioritize communication in CRM strategies to strengthen customer satisfaction and loyalty.

The DH Building of the Electrical Engineering Study Program at Udayana University faces significant challenges in energy efficiency, as it still relies on conventional electrical systems. User negligence, such as forgetting to switch off lights and air conditioners (AC) after use, often results in unnecessary energy waste and increased operational costs. This issue highlights the urgent need for smart solutions capable of automating energy management, reducing waste caused by human error, and supporting the creation of a more efficient and sustainable campus environment. To address this problem, this study designs and implements a smart building system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system employs a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller as the main processing unit, integrated with a series of sensors including a DHT22 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity, an MQ2 sensor for smoke detection, a PIR sensor for motion detection, and a PZEM-004T sensor for monitoring energy consumption. Control of electronic devices such as lights and AC units is carried out both automatically and manually through relay modules connected to the system. All sensor data and control functions are accessed via a web interface developed using the Laravel framework and a MySQL database. The testing results indicate that the designed system was successfully implemented and functions as expected. Sensor testing demonstrated high accuracy compared to standard measuring instruments, while the electronic device control system achieved an average response time of approximately 3.6 seconds, proving its reliability. Overall, the system provides a comprehensive solution for energy consumption monitoring and control, while also enhancing comfort and safety in the DH Building, in line with the goals of energy efficiency and facility modernization.

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired hemoglobin synthesis. This disease is caused by mutations in the globin gene, leading to disrupted production of globin chains. As a result, the red blood cells produced are dysfunctional and have a shorter lifespan, causing anemia. This condition requires proper medical management, including blood transfusions and other treatments. One way to detect and monitor the progression of thalassemia is by using biochemical markers that can identify changes in the patient’s body. Therefore, the aim of this systematic literature review is to identify biochemical markers that can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of thalassemia. The literature used in this study includes articles on human thalassemia research published in the last 10 years. Literature searches were conducted in several academic databases using relevant keywords such as “biochemical markers for thalassemia,” “diagnosis of thalassemia,” and “thalassemia monitoring.” Based on the search results, several biochemical markers related to thalassemia were identified, including hepcidin, ferritin, and lipid profile. Ferritin plays a role in monitoring iron levels, which are often elevated in thalassemia patients, while hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis in the body. Additionally, other components involved in thalassemia diagnosis and monitoring include Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and hemoglobin levels. The findings of this systematic literature review are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of biochemical markers that can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of thalassemia. By identifying relevant markers, it is hoped that more accurate and effective diagnostic methods will be developed in the future, leading to better monitoring of thalassemia patients.

Inflammation is the body's natural biological response to tissue injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli. Inflammatory processes play an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis, but excessive or chronic inflammation can trigger various degenerative diseases, including arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. One of the main mediators of inflammation is the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is in charge of converting arachidonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Inhibition of COX-2 activity is an important strategy in controlling inflammation. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (Coxibs) have been developed to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects commonly caused by conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OAINS). However, the use of Coxibs still poses a significant cardiovascular risk, so the search for alternatives from natural ingredients continues. Flavonoid compounds, which are abundant in fruits, vegetables, teas, and spices, show great potential as natural COX-2 inhibitors. Flavonoids have a polyphenol structure that allows for strong interactions with COX-2 active sites through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. This study is a literature review that examines the potential of flavonoids from natural ingredients as COX-2 inhibitors based on an in silico approach. This method was carried out through a literature search on the Google Scholar database using the keywords "Flavonoid", "COX-2", "In Silico", "Molecular Docking", and "Anti-inflammatory". The results of the analysis of ten articles showed that compounds such as myricetin, quercetin, rutin, catechin, and epicatechin-3-O-gallate have a high bonding affinity with COX-2, even exceeding in some cases standard drugs such as diclofenac and dexamethasone. Low bond energy values (ΔG) and optimal amount of hydrogen bonds support this potential. The findings indicate that flavonoids from natural ingredients can be developed into candidates for selective anti-inflammatory drugs COX-2 that are safer and more effective than existing synthetic therapies.

Chronic inflammation is a complex condition that involves the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which plays an important role in inducing the expression of proinflammatory genes such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Activation of this pathway is often associated with degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, as well as metabolic disorders. Lycopene, the main carotenoid pigment in tomatoes, is known as a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, but its epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory gene expression is still a growing area of research. This article aims to review the recent literature on the role of lycopene as an epigenetic agent capable of modulating the expression of proinflammatory genes through epigenetic pathways associated with NF-KB. This research method uses a systematic literature review through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases with a publication range of 2015–2025. The results of the study show that lycopene works through several important mechanisms. First, lycopene can affect DNA methylation in the promoter region of inflammatory genes by inhibiting the enzyme DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which has an impact on decreased transcription of proinflammatory genes. Second, lycopene plays a role in histone modification, especially by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC) thereby increasing histone acetylation of H3K9 in anti-inflammatory genes. Third, lycopene is able to regulate microRNA expression such as lowering miR-155 and miR-21 which strengthen the NF-κB pathway, while increasing miR-146a which plays a role in suppressing inflammation. Fourth, lycopene directly inhibits NF-κB activation by targeting IκB kinase (IKK), preventing IκB degradation, and lowering the translocation of the p65 subunit to the nucleus. With such a dual mechanism, tomato lycopene has the potential to be an effective nutraceutical agent for chronic inflammatory therapy.

Accelerated technological progress has profoundly altered our lifestyles. The younger generation, as future leaders of the nation, must acquire digital skills to keep pace with technological progress. Adolescents of school age require essential instruction on digital literacy, especially with personal data management and academic requirements. Effective data management will enhance lifestyle efficiency and efficacy. This community service initiative sought to impart database administration proficiency through the financial accounting cycle framework to students at SMK Raudlatul Husna in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Thirty-two students engaged in the seminar and simulation activities. The activity was conducted through lectures and class tutorials on data storage methodologies in digital technologies, including Google Drive, Wordpress Web and Instagram. At the conclusion of the session, participants were queried regarding the activity summary, and the majority responded accurately and effectively. This activity is anticipated to be sustained continuously, enabling high school students to acquire both theoretical and practical information applicable to their daily lives.

Early complementary feeding is associated with digestive disorders in infants, including constipation. This literature review aims to explore the relationship between the timing of complementary food (MP-ASI) introduction and the incidence of constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the review includes 9 research articles published between 2013 and 2023 from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The findings show that early MP-ASI (before 6 months of age) significantly increases the risk of constipation due to the immaturity of the infant's gastrointestinal system and low dietary fiber intake. Most studies highlight the physiological limitations of the infant's digestive system under six months and the importance of appropriate food timing and content. The implication of this review supports WHO and national health guidelines recommending complementary feeding initiation at 6 months of age. It also emphasizes the need for health education at the community level to prevent functional constipation in early life through correct feeding practices.

Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern in developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of iron and folic acid supplementation, known as iron tablets, in reducing the risk of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing nine eligible studies published between 2013 and 2023. Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific keywords. The findings suggest that regular consumption of iron tablets, particularly starting in the second trimester and meeting the minimum recommended dose of 90 tablets, is effective in improving hemoglobin levels and lowering anemia prevalence. However, compliance remains a significant challenge, influenced by side effects, maternal knowledge, and social support. The review highlights the need for behavior-based interventions and family involvement to enhance adherence. The implication of this review supports the integration of targeted health education and follow-up strategies within antenatal care services to reduce anemia-related risks in pregnancy.

Burn injuries are complex tissue damage often accompanied by serious complications such as infection, systemic inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Effective burn management requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including infection control, local wound care, nutritional support, and regenerative therapy. Along with advances in science and technology, various novel treatment modalities have been developed to accelerate healing, reduce scarring, and improve patients’ quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical prospects of the latest burn treatment modalities through a review of relevant literature from 2021 to 2025. This research employed a descriptive qualitative literature review method, analyzing 10 relevant scientific articles obtained from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The reviewed modalities include stem cell therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), silver nanoparticles, nanofiber and hydrogel-based dressings, natural extracts such as aloe vera and binahong, as well as advanced technologies like smart dressings and low-level laser therapy. The results indicate that regenerative and smart technology-based approaches significantly enhance epithelialization, reduce infection, and improve tissue repair. Natural therapies also show promising potential as safe, affordable, and effective treatment alternatives. In conclusion, the integration of biological therapy, phytotherapy, and modern technology represents a promising direction in contemporary burn care. Further large-scale clinical research is needed to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of each modality.

In line with the rapid advancement of digital technology, the need for an efficient, integrated, and technology-based financial management system has become  critical, particularly for educational institutions such as STT-NF. The manual management of financial reports, especially cash flow statements used spreadsheets continues to pose significant challenges, including the risk of data entry errors, delayed reporting, and the lack of real-time visibility into the institution's financial condition. This study aims to develop a web application for cash flow monitoring system using the waterfall methodology to address these issues. The waterfall model was selected due to its systematic and structured approach. The system was developed using ReactJS for the frontend, NodeJS for the backend, and PostgreSQL as the database management system. To verify system functionality, testing was conducted using the black box testing method. The results of the testing indicate that all developed features of the cash flow monitoring system functioned according to the specified requirements and operated optimally. Therefore, the system is expected to provide tangible benefits in supporting the performance of the Finance Department at STT-NF as well as the foundation, by enhancing real-time financial visibility and delivering accurate information to facilitate faster & more informed decision-making.