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This study aims to determine the application of picture media and bingo games in English learning at elementary schools and to improve students’ confidence in learning English. The research was conducted in the sixth grade of Aengbaja Kenek Elementary School in the 2025/2026 academic year with 7 students as the research subjects. The research method used was classroom action research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature study.The results showed that the use of picture media and bingo games was able to increase students’ motivation, enthusiasm, and ability in learning English. Students became more active in learning new vocabulary, understanding grammar, practicing pronunciation, and improving their speaking and reading skills. In addition, the learning process became more enjoyable, interactive, and less monotonous, so students were more confident in using English. Picture media helped students understand the material visually, while bingo games created an interesting learning atmosphere through learning-by-playing activities. Therefore, the application of picture media and bingo games are effective as a medium for teaching English in elementary schools to improve students’ language skills and learning motivation.

This study examines the determinants of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) based on three main macroeconomic factors namely inflation, the USD/IDR exchange rate, and the SBI interest rate (BI Rate) covering the period January 2020 to December 2025, in the context of post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery and global economic turmoil. A quantitative approach was employed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, with 72 monthly observations derived from secondary data sourced from official institutions including Bank Indonesia (BI), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Classical assumption tests were applied comprising the Jarque-Bera normality test, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for multicollinearity, Breusch-Godfrey for autocorrelation, White Test for heteroscedasticity, and Ramsey RESET for model specification. Partially, inflation, exchange rate, and BI Rate each demonstrate a positive and significant effect on the JCI (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, all three variables exert a significant combined influence on the JCI, with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.4414, indicating that the model explains 44.14% of the variation in the JCI. The remaining 55.86% is attributed to other variables outside the model. Classical assumption test results reveal violations of normality, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity assumptions, although the model is free from multicollinearity. These findings confirm that Bank Indonesia's monetary policy has a significant and measurable impact on capital market performance. Further research is recommended using more advanced time series models such as GARCH or VECM to address violations of classical assumptions and improve estimation efficiency.

Corruption remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia because it weakens public trust, undermines welfare, and obstructs equitable development. This article examines how Aristotle’s virtue ethics can contribute to anti-corruption efforts by addressing the moral roots of corrupt behavior. The study argues that corruption is not only a legal or administrative violation but also a failure of character, judgment, and commitment to the common good. Using a qualitative conceptual design, the article employs philosophical analysis, a structured literature review, and Socratic questioning to examine the relationship between virtue, leadership, and public integrity. The analysis identifies three principal roots of corruption: weak moral character, poor ethical judgment, and self-interest over the common good. It shows that Aristotelian ethics offers an integrated response through the cultivation of moral virtue, intellectual virtue, and practical wisdom. The findings suggest that virtue-based ethics is most effective when combined with anti-corruption education, ethical leadership, stronger rule-of-law implementation, and institutional arrangements that reduce opportunities for abuse of power. Aristotle’s framework does not provide a complete solution, but it offers a valuable normative foundation for strengthening ethical public culture in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurship education and motivation on students' entrepreneurial interest. The background of this study is based on the low interest of students in entrepreneurship despite having received entrepreneurship education at university. This study uses a quantitative approach with an associative method. The study population was students of the Management Study Program, Class of 2022, STIE Bina Karya Tebing Tinggi, with a purposive sampling technique in accordance with certain criteria determined by the researcher. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results show that motivation has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest, while entrepreneurship education has no significant effect partially. However, simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest. The coefficient of determination shows that the variables of entrepreneurship education and motivation can explain 54.8% of entrepreneurial interest, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the study. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of increasing motivation and strengthening more practical entrepreneurship learning to be able to encourage student interest in entrepreneurship.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) are an important legal tool for trademark ownership, protecting business quality, and protecting a company's economic interests. Consumers build trust in trademarks because they signal distinct product quality and reflect a positive and consistent corporate image. Trademark protection is regulated by national law under Trademark Law No. 20 of 2016, which provides legal certainty for trademark owners. This law stipulates that a trademark is only valid if it has distinctive elements, is not imitative, and has been officially registered with an authorized institution. The "first come, first served" principle in Indonesian trademark law can be interpreted as a mechanism that grants rights to the first party to file a valid application. However, the application of this principle in practice often raises complex legal issues, particularly when a trademark has already gained widespread public recognition prior to its formal registration. This study focuses on evaluating this legal protection through a normative legal research method by examining applicable laws, regulations, and court decisions related to trademark disputes in Indonesia. The Geprek Bensu dispute has attracted public attention because it highlights the conflict between legal provisions regarding trademark ownership and public perception. This case demonstrates that the existing legal framework still requires further refinement to balance the interests of trademark registrants with those of parties who have built public reputation through prior commercial use. Therefore, legal reform and consistent law enforcement are essential to ensure fair and comprehensive trademark protection in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata using a critical hermeneutic approach developed by Jürgen Habermas. The focus of this research is to uncover the critical meaning contained in the novel as a reflection of social reality, especially in the field of education. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through literature studies and text analysis in the form of excerpts in novels. The results of the study show that the novel Laskar Pelangi not only presents an inspiring story, but also contains criticism of the education system in Indonesia which is still colored by inequality and injustice. In the aspect of communicative action, it was found that there was a dialogical interaction between teachers and students as well as the value of solidarity and strong struggle. However, in the aspect of communication distortion, there is injustice in access to education and a lack of space for poor groups to voice their interests. In addition, the analysis also reveals the existence of ideology and domination, especially economic dominance over education and social systems that oppress the lower groups. On the other hand, the emancipatory interest in this novel is reflected through education as a tool of liberation and the struggle of its characters in fighting against limitations. Thus, this study concludes that the novel Laskar Pelangi has an important role as a social criticism medium that is able to build readers' critical awareness of the reality of education and social inequality that occurs in society.

The right to privacy and the right to health are fundamental human rights that are closely interconnected. The protection of privacy for patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) constitutes a critical issue, given that HIV status is classified as highly sensitive health data and is particularly vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. In Indonesia, the legal framework governing the protection of HIV patients’ health data has been normatively strengthened through the Personal Data Protection Law and the Health Law; however, its implementation continues to face various challenges. This article aims to analyze the right to privacy of HIV patients and the obligations of the state in protecting sensitive health data, as well as to examine the limitations and exceptions to the disclosure of HIV-related data within the framework of law and human rights. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and human rights-based approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through juridical interpretation and prescriptive analysis. The findings indicate that HIV status is legally categorized as sensitive personal data that is entitled to a high level of legal protection. The state bears tripartite obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill the privacy rights of HIV patients. Nevertheless, a gap persists between legal norms and their implementation, particularly in the management of electronic medical records. The protection of HIV patients’ privacy rights requires strengthened legal implementation, regulatory harmonization, and the adoption of a human rights-based approach to ensure that data protection does not conflict with public health interests.

The determination of a minimum marriage age is a central issue in Indonesian family law and Islamic legal discourse, particularly regarding the prevention of health, social, and psychological risks associated with child marriage. This study analyzes the alignment between the legal requirement of a minimum age of 19, as stipulated in Law No. 16 of 2019 and Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017, and the framework of maqāṣid sharī‘ah, especially the hierarchical structure of dharuriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. Employing a normative juridical method supported by extensive literature review, this research examines statutory regulations, classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources, works on maqāṣid, and empirical data from national and international institutions. The findings demonstrate that the minimum age of 19 substantively accords with maqāṣid sharī‘ah: at the dharuriyyāt level, it safeguards life, intellect, and lineage from medical, psychological, and social harm; at the ḥājiyyāt level, it prevents economic hardship, emotional instability, and the inability of young couples to assume household roles; and at the taḥsīniyyāt level, it preserves human dignity, ethical conduct, and the sanctity of marriage. Consequently, the regulation is not a departure from classical Islamic jurisprudence but rather an implementation of public interest (maṣlaḥah) adapted to contemporary societal realities. This study affirms that integrating maqasid-based reasoning into public policy strengthens the protection of families and future generations in Indonesia.

The abuse of authority by public officials within Indonesia’s governmental administration has become an increasingly urgent issue to address. Such misconduct undermines the fundamental principles of good governance  including transparency, accountability, and justice which are essential for ensuring efficient and effective government operations. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the forms of abuse of authority by public officials, the factors influencing such behavior, and its impact on the effectiveness of governance and public trust. The research employs a normative approach with a prescriptive legal method, analyzing legislation related to the abuse of authority as well as a case-based approach to explore the implementation of authority by public officials in governmental practice.The findings indicate that abuse of authority may occur in various forms, such as exceeding the limits of granted power, conflating different authorities, or acting arbitrarily for personal or group interests  all of which contradict the principle of legality governing governmental actions. Moreover, such practices negatively affect the quality of public services and tarnish the image of governmental institutions. The study also finds that although Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration provides a clear legal framework, its implementation remains hindered by weak internal and external oversight systems. Therefore, this research recommends strengthening more effective supervision mechanisms, enhancing transparency in administrative decision-making processes, and involving the public in monitoring efforts to ensure that public officials exercise their authority in accordance with established objectives in pursuit of a clean and just government.

In this study, advocates are guaranteed legal protection to implement the right to defence in criminal cases.   to learn how criminal advocates are protected if they enforce the law.   The privilege of immunity shields advocates from civil or criminal litigation for good faith work inside and outside the court.   This study uses normative juridical research, which examines current laws and regulations.   Analysis of relevant legislation is needed for this research.   According to the study, Article 16 of Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates does not adequately describe advocates' immunity rights.   Lack of clear explanations of protection types, rights constraints, and good faith between advocates and other parties may lead to power abuses.   More extensive norms that are in keeping with other articles of the law are needed to apply advocates' immunity rights proportionately, guaranteeing freedom in performing their profession while maintaining society's and justice's legal interests.

This study aims to analyze the influence of ready-to-use template designs, design consultation services, and the ease of online ordering on consumer purchasing interest at the Bahtera Batam Printing Shop, both partially and simultaneously. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study was all consumers who made purchases at the Bahtera Batam Printing Shop, with a sample size of 123 respondents. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires measured using a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing (t-test and F-test), and coefficient of determination testing using SPSS.The results of the partial test (t-test) indicate that ready-to-use template designs have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing interest (significance value 0.005 < 0.05). Design consultation services also have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing interest (significance value 0.002 < 0.05). Similarly, the ease of online ordering had a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intention (significance value 0.001 < 0.05). Simultaneous testing (F-test) demonstrated that ready-to-use template designs, design consultation services, and ease of online ordering collectively had a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intention at Bahtera Batam Printing Shop (significance value 0.000 < 0.05). Based on the coefficient of determination test (Adjusted R-square), 48.1% of the variation in consumer purchase intention was influenced by these three services, while the remaining 51.9% was explained by factors outside this research model.

Dance instruction in schools still does not fully support students' ability to understand techniques and movement sequences independently. In the "Semarang Rumah Kita" dance material in grade VIII of SMP N 7 Semarang, the learning process tends to rely on classical methods guided by printed books. This condition indicates the need to develop more varied, interesting, and effective learning media. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility and effectiveness of the "Semarang Rumah Kita" dance video tutorial as a learning medium. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) which includes the stages of needs analysis, product planning, revision, and field trials. The research subjects were grade VIII students of SMP N 7 Semarang. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, validation questionnaires from material experts and media experts, and assessment of student practice. The data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The results of the study indicate that the developed video tutorial meets the criteria of very feasible and has been proven effective in increasing movement accuracy, cohesiveness, and student self-confidence. These findings are an innovative alternative to support dance learning and improve the quality of dance education in schools.

Curiosity is a very important capital to start learning. Because, with curiosity, humans can dig up interesting information and tips so that they can gain broader insight. In this sophisticated era, it is easier for people to find the information they need. One media that is often used to access information is YouTube. There are many videos on YouTube that can provide interesting and quality information, one of which is Maudy Ayunda's video. This research aims to describe the forms of assertive speech acts contained in the booklist edition of Maudy Ayunda's YouTube channel. The approach used in this research is methodological and theoretical. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach and a pragmatic approach. The data collection method used in this research was the observation method, followed by the observation technique. The data analysis method in this research is the pragmatic subtype. The research results found that there were types of assertive speech acts including, namely, assertive speech acts stating 31 data, suggesting 11 data, boasting that no data was found, complaining about 5 data, and claiming 14 data.

The results of the 2022 PISA indicate that science skills and interest in Indonesia are still low. One way to increase interest in science is by introducing inventor figure of science and techonology. However, alternative learning media that are communicative and relevant to adolescents' media consumption habits are needed. Therefore, this study aims to design a character design for an inventor in the field of science and technology for a Webtoon comic as an educational tool for adolescents aged 15–18. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was used to understand the needs and interests of the target audience and to gather information from the literature for scientific sources in designing the inventor character. The quantitative method was used as one of the character design evaluation criteria, based on voting results by adolescents aged 15–18. The character design used Marika Nieminen's principles: demographics, silhouette and shape, color, and characteristics. Several alternatives were used to generate character designs, which were then evaluated to determine the final design. The character design evaluation will be assessed using several variables within an evaluation framework.

The Fruit of the Spirit is an important theological value to teach children because it contains points for everyday behavior. However, learning about the Fruit of the Spirit often encounters obstacles and is difficult for children aged 8-12 years to understand because it is considered too abstract and difficult to convey in simple language. Furthermore, obstacles come from the learning media used which are still conventional. Therefore, effective learning media are needed that can attract the interest and motivation of children to want to learn and apply the Fruit of the Spirit in everyday life, such as board games. In board games, there are components that can attract emotions and can be used as media, namely character pawns. The method used is the Design Thinking method with descriptive analysis. This approach is used to analyze data from the results of observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires, as well as to develop concepts and design results. Thus, the character pawns can be created with a human-centered design approach, which is able to create visuals that have a close relationship with children's psychology.

Trenggalek Regency is one of the regencies located in the southern part of East Java that has high potential for natural tourism, such as caves, waterfalls, and beaches. However, this potential is not yet widely known by people from outside the region, especially the younger generation. The low level of awareness among people outside the region is influenced by limited access to information about Trenggalek’s tourism. Therefore, an effective medium that can attract the attention of young people is needed, such as an illustrated book. Based on the questionnaire results, the majority of respondents show a high interest in illustrated books. In an illustrated book, an engaging character is needed to convey messages so that readers do not feel bored. The method used in this study is a mixed-method approach with a descriptive analyze. This approach is applied to analyze data obtained from observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires, as well as to develop design concepts and outcomes. This research aims to increase awareness and knowledge of people outside Trenggalek about Trenggalek’s tourism. By highlighting the topic of character design in the illustrated tourism book of Trenggalek, it is expected that readers can easily absorb and understand the content of the book.

This study aims to introduce the convenience of digital transactions through socialization of the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to residents of Marihat Bukit Village. This activity was motivated by the low public understanding of the use of non-cash transactions, particularly QRIS, which is an innovative integrated digital payment system from Bank Indonesia. Through socialization and direct practice, residents were introduced to how to use QRIS in various daily transactions, such as shopping, paying for services, and other local economic activities. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding and interest in the use of digital transactions that are easier, faster, and safer. It is hoped that this activity will encourage digital financial inclusion in rural areas and support government programs to expand literacy and the application of financial technology in the community. Furthermore, active community participation in this activity shows great potential to reduce dependence on cash transactions and encourage digital transformation at the village level. This activity is also expected to accelerate the transition to a more inclusive and digital-based society.

This study aims to demonstrate that a lack of curiosity is a fundamental factor influencing adolescents’ preference for social media over traditional news outlets. To examine this issue, the research employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative data gathered through questionnaires. A total of 30 informants participated and were categorized into two developmental groups: early adolescents aged 12–14 and middle adolescents aged 15–17. The questionnaire explored respondents’ curiosity levels, information-seeking habits, and motivations for choosing certain media platforms. The findings indicate that low curiosity significantly contributes to the preference for social media among early adolescents. At this stage, their interest in deeper information is still limited, making them more inclined toward fast, simple, and entertaining content. However, the hypothesis is less applicable to middle adolescents. Although they also frequently use social media, their media choices are influenced by additional factors such as peer dynamics, a growing sense of autonomy, and broader exposure to information from various sources. This difference suggests that the relationship between curiosity and media preference becomes more complex as adolescents mature. Overall, the study highlights that strategies to encourage critical information-seeking behavior must be tailored to adolescents’ developmental stages.

This research seeks to examine the impact of digital literacy, Islamic financial literacy, and Islamic branding on Generation Z’s interest in saving with Islamic banks in DKI Jakarta. Unlike most prior studies, this work highlights the combined role of digital literacy, Islamic financial literacy, and Islamic branding, specifically focusing on Generation Z in DKI Jakarta, which has not been widely explored. A quantitative research design was applied, with data gathered through a questionnaire distributed to 400 respondents using purposive sampling. The analysis employed PLS-SEM with the SmartPLS 4 software. The study revealed that digital literacy positively influences saving interest with a coefficient of 0.074, Islamic branding has a strong positive influence with a coefficient of 0.915, while Islamic financial literacy shows no significant effect with a coefficient of -0.002. The model obtained an R-square value of 0.894. This research is restricted to a particular scope or sector, thus the findings cannot be generalized to all contexts. Nevertheless, the results provide useful insights for practitioners, policymakers, and academics in formulating relevant actions or decisions.

This study examines the juridical aspects of guardianship applications by parents to obtain permission to sell a minor’s inherited land and analyzes the judicial considerations in Decision Number 199/Pdt.P/2025/PN Blt. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a sociological legal approach. Primary data were collected through interviews and case documents at the Blitar District Court, while secondary data consist of statutes, doctrine, and related literature. Qualitative-descriptive analysis was applied to interpret the findings. The study reveals that the guardianship application process involves both administrative and judicial stages. Judges scrutinize material evidence and the probity of sale objectives, weighing important principles such as utility, legal certainty, fairness, and justice. Guardians are granted limited authority to sell a minor’s property only if it can be proven to be in the child's best interest and legal protections are assured. Recommendations include strengthening post-decision monitoring, enhancing legal outreach, improving procedural transparency, and ensuring comprehensive implementation.