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This study discusses the implementation of the Self-Directed Learning Programme by integrating Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), and Learning Objective Processes (ATP) to enhance teaching quality and teacher professionalism. Using a library research method, this study analyses relevant scientific literature to understand the relationship between the integration of the three components of the education programme and classroom teaching practices. The research findings indicate that teachers still encounter challenges in understanding and integrating CP, TP, and ATP, particularly in planning, implementing teaching strategies, and conducting authentic assessments. However, when this integration is well executed, the teaching process becomes more purposeful, flexible and responsive to students' needs. Furthermore, integrating CP–TP–ATP has been shown to strengthen teachers' professionalism by enhancing their understanding of the curriculum, their ability to design learning activities, and their capacity to conduct competency-based assessment. This study confirms that the successful implementation of the Free Education Programme depends heavily on teachers' ability to understand the curriculum's structure and to integrate these three components consistently. Therefore, training, supporting, and developing teachers' competencies is an important requirement for the effective and sustainable implementation of the Liberal Education Programme.

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the implementation of a simplified Mini-QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Environment) system in improving working conditions at the Syams Handicraft woven craft MSME in Pati Regency, Central Java. The study used a quantitative method with a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 47 workers as respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and observations before and after the twelve-week intervention. The results showed that the implementation of the Mini-QHSE system was able to significantly reduce the level of occupational safety and health risks and significantly improve worker welfare. Further analysis revealed that the Mini-QHSE system made a significant contribution to variations in OHS risks and worker welfare. The dimension of safe work procedures proved to be the most influential factor in reducing work risks, while the training aspect was the main factor in improving worker welfare. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Mini-QHSE system designed according to the capacity and characteristics of MSMEs is effective in creating a safer and more prosperous work environment. This model has the potential to be applied to similar MSMEs with contextual adjustments as a practical solution in managing quality, safety, and occupational health in the micro-business sector.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the economic landscape, particularly in payment systems that are shifting from conventional cash transactions to the use of Electronic Money (E-Money). E-Money has become increasingly popular due to the convenience it offers, allowing users to conduct transactions anytime and anywhere without the need to carry physical cash. As this payment innovation continues to expand, it is essential to examine whether its mechanisms comply with Islamic principles, given that the use of E-Money is closely related to the values of muamalah in Islam. This study aims to identify the underlying contractual structure (akad) governing Mandiri E-Money transactions and to assess its conformity with sharia principles. It further analyzes the potential presence of gharar, riba, or maisir within the top-up and transaction processes, as well as the sharia mitigation mechanisms that may be applied. The research employs a normative approach based on classical and contemporary Islamic legal theory, supported by observational analysis of Mandiri E-Money practices. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive method and maqashid al-shariah reasoning. The findings indicate that the use of Mandiri E-Money does not involve elements of riba, gharar, or maisir, and therefore does not deviate from sharia principles. These potential risks were examined through fiqh legal maxims and DSN-MUI fatwas to ensure comprehensive sharia compliance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of the Deep Learning approach in teaching mathematics in the first grade of addition and subtraction of numbers 1 to 20 in a story problem through the concrete media Si PONPEL and the educational game Quizizz Paper Mode. This technology-based learning is intended to make learning more interactive and enjoyable, but does not require personal digital devices. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through a mixed-method research design to measure student understanding the result show that the Si PONPEL and Quizizz Paper Mode methods successfully improved students’ understanding of basic mathematical concepts, with an average increase in student scores of 38.33%. In addition, findings from interviews conducted with teachers and students showed that the Si PONPEL concrete media and this technology made students more engaged and motivated to learn. It is hoped that this research will make a significant contribution to creating more inclusive and interactive mathematics kearning in elementary schools.

Improving the quality of education is a strategic issue that is the main focus in the development of educational institutions in Indonesia. In the era of globalisation and digital transformation, educational institutions are faced with the demand to produce graduates who are not only academically excellent, but also adaptive to changes and community needs. One approach that has been widely studied to address these challenges is the application of educational quality management. This study aims to systematically review various studies that discuss the concept, implementation, and results of the application of educational quality management, with the main question being how the application of quality management contributes to improving the quality of educational institutions. This study uses a literature review method by searching for scientific articles from 2019 to 2025 accessed through Google Scholar and the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. The search was conducted using the keywords ‘educational quality management’, ‘quality implementation’, and ‘improvement of educational institution quality’. From the search results of 15 articles, five main articles were obtained and analysed in depth based on their relevance to the topic and contribution to the research focus. The results of the study revealed three main themes: first, quality management is implemented as a continuous improvement strategy that emphasises planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up on quality; second, transformational and collaborative leadership are determining factors in the successful implementation of quality management; third, the implementation of quality management has been proven to improve student academic achievement and the effectiveness of educational institutions. This study concludes that educational quality management plays a significant role in building a culture of quality, accountability, and professionalism among educators. Further research is recommended to explore models of digital and participatory quality management implementation in the context of 21st-century education.

Micro-Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) is a renewable energy solution suitable for remote rural areas with river flow availability. This study was carried out in Kampung 17, Batulawang Village, West Java, through the Community Service Program of HMM ITPLN, by designing and implementing a simplified MHPP system. The analysis indicates a hydraulic power potential of 1.511 kW with an effective head of 3.08 m and a discharge of 0.005 m³/s. Of this potential, the maximum utilized power reached 1.108 kW, equivalent to 73.32% of hydraulic energy utilization. The system is capable of producing approximately 26.6 kWh per day or around 798 kWh per month, matching the total demand of 12 households and one mosque in Kampung 17. If this demand were supplied by the national grid (PLN) under the R-1/TR 1300 VA category at Rp1,444.70 per kWh, the monthly cost would amount to approximately Rp1,152,870. Hence, the MHPP enables annual savings of around Rp13.8 million while ensuring local energy independence

Balinese langauge as a core element of Balinese culture, faces challenges amidst urbanization and globalization, particularly in Denpasar City. This study analyzes the implementation of Balinese language development policies based on regulations such as Bali Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2018 and Bali Governor Regulation No. 80 of 2018. A descriptive qualitative approach is used through document analysis and literature review. The results demonstrate the success of programs such as Balinese Language Month in increasing community participation, although challenges such as declining language use among young people remain. The discussion emphasizes the need for digital and family integration for revitalization, with a focus on language maintenance aspects using Fishman's sociolinguistic theory that highlights intergenerational transmission and strengthening the domain of language use. The conclusion recommends strengthening policies for the sustainability of Balinese language, including a synergistic approach between the government, communities, and educational institutions. This study contributes to the understanding of regional language maintenance in urban contexts, with implications for national policy in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the importance of business licensing in the trade of goods and services sector as an instrument of legality, supervision, and legal protection; however, its implementation still faces gaps between normative regulations and practices in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of business actors’ compliance with licensing obligations, identify obstacles in the implementation of risk-based licensing policies, and evaluate their impact on compliance. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach, through an examination of primary legal materials in the form of laws and related regulations, as well as secondary and tertiary legal materials from scientific literature. The results show that the effectiveness of risk-based licensing policies has not been optimally achieved due to low legal literacy, limited digital understanding, and the perception that licenses are merely a formality, causing many business actors to neglect administrative obligations. This condition illustrates the existence of a gap between regulatory objectives and implementation practices. These findings emphasize the need for procedural simplification, intensified socialization, and strengthened technical assistance so that licensing policies become more responsive to the needs of business actors, while simultaneously encouraging compliance and enhancing national economic competitiveness.

Global challenges such as climate change and land degradation demand the strengthening of the agricultural sector through the adoption of relevant technologies. Agricultural extension plays an important role in conveying information and technological innovations to farmers, with extension workers as facilitators, educators, and motivators in accelerating the implementation of agricultural technology packages. However, the rate of adoption of technology by farmers is still low, especially in Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi. In addition, there is no comprehensive and results-based evaluation system for extension workers. This study aims to determine the level of farmers' understanding of agricultural technology packages introduced by agricultural extension workers in Batu Papan Village, Makale District, Tana Toraja Regency. The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with the object of the study, namely Field Agricultural Extension Workers (PPL) active in Makale District as many as seven people and 139 assisted farmers from six farmer groups. Farmer samples were taken as much as 20% of the population or 30 respondents using census and purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire with a Likert scale to assess farmers' perception and level of understanding of the implementation of agricultural technology packages. The results showed that the level of farmers' understanding of the technology package introduced by extension workers was in the "very high" category with an index value of 82.6%. These findings show that extension workers have an effective role in increasing farmers' knowledge and involvement. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the support of extension facilities and infrastructure, such as technological teaching aids, audiovisual media, and field transportation, to support the optimization of the performance of agricultural extension workers in the region.

Tele-Herbal Medicine is a technology-driven service designed to deliver herbal medicine consultations and therapies through wellness clinics, aiming to improve access to personalized and affordable care. This study systematically assesses its effectiveness, implementation, and challenges as part of integrated health services by reviewing relevant literature published in the past five years. Findings indicate that Tele-Herbal Medicine significantly enhances patient access, offering tailored and cost-efficient herbal treatments. Despite these promising outcomes, implementation faces key obstacles, including inadequate regulatory frameworks, the absence of standardized herbal product validation procedures, and concerns over patient data security. These limitations underscore the urgent need for comprehensive policies, quality assurance mechanisms, and strict data protection protocols, consistent with broader telemedicine guidelines. By addressing these issues, Tele-Herbal Medicine can evolve into a reliable and sustainable model, enabling wellness clinics to expand services without compromising safety or quality. Ultimately, its success depends on clear legal support, standardized validation systems, and robust monitoring tools to ensure effectiveness, safety, and full integration into the healthcare ecosystem, thus positioning it as an innovative solution that bridges traditional herbal practices with modern digital health services.

The use of technology in rice farming can significantly increase production, reduce management time, expand cultivated land, and improve product quality to meet consumer standards. When rice production meets market demand, the selling price becomes higher, thus increasing farmers’ income and welfare. The presence of farmer groups plays a vital role as a learning forum for gaining knowledge, implementing agricultural technology, and facilitating access to agricultural tools and machinery. This enables farmers to apply technology effectively, improve work efficiency, and address challenges in rice farming. Considering the great potential of this region for rice cultivation, supported by growing local food demand and the national food security program, technology implementation becomes essential. This study employed the Likert scale method to measure farmers’ attitudes, opinions, and perceptions, with samples collected through purposive sampling. The findings show that the role of farmer groups in implementing rice farming technology in the Misa Kada (Advanced) group reached 74.91%, while the Ta’pan Kila’ (Beginner) group reached 66.07%. This indicates that farmer groups have contributed effectively, though some activities remain suboptimal. Strengthening learning class programs is the most strategic effort to enhance farmers’ understanding of agricultural technology, improve productivity, and maintain Tana Toraja’s cultural values.

Drug stock-outs are an indicator of pharmaceutical management failure that directly affects patient safety and the quality of hospital services. Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto experienced an increase in the percentage of drug debt from 3.14% in January to 6.20% in July 2025, with 1,607 patients affected. This study aims to identify the factors causing drug stock-outs and formulate preventive strategies through the optimization of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) system based on the Hospital Information System. A mixed-method approach was used, combining secondary data analysis (January–July 2025) and in-depth interviews. Fishbone analysis was applied to identify root causes, USG analysis to determine priorities, and SWOT analysis to formulate intervention strategies. Priority drug classification was carried out using the ABC-VEN method. The intervention involved implementing an MMSL pilot project for 150 drug items under Pareto category A. The analysis identified six dimensions of stock-out causes: man, materials, methods, machines, measurement, and environment. The highest priority issue was drug demand forecasting based on historical data (USG score: 125). SWOT analysis placed the organization in quadrant II, recommending a Weakness-Opportunities (WO) strategy. MMSL implementation was initiated through the development of SOPs and the entry of 150 priority drug items into the system. Drug stock-outs are caused by multifactorial issues that require systemic intervention. MMSL optimization has the potential to serve as a long-term solution, provided there is expanded coverage, strengthened human resource capacity, and comprehensive system integration.

The spirituality of today’s church youth encounters multidimensional challenges, particularly the pervasive influence of digital culture, the gradual decline in interest toward spiritual disciplines, and the weakening of involvement in ecclesial ministry. Such dynamics often create a gap between theological knowledge and lived faith experiences. This Community Service (PkM) initiative was designed to respond to these issues by implementing an interactive model aimed at enhancing the spiritual understanding of the youth at GKSI Trimorejo Congregation. The model emphasizes participatory learning processes, in which youth are not merely passive recipients of teaching but active contributors to collective faith formation. The methodological framework consisted of three main stages: initial observation to identify needs and spiritual conditions; preparation of training modules contextualized with the congregation’s realities; and the implementation of interactive activities such as group discussions, thematic Bible studies, role-play, and collective reflection. Evaluation strategies integrated both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including pre-tests and post-tests to measure cognitive growth, alongside participatory interviews to capture experiential insights. The findings reveal a notable increase in youth comprehension of biblical principles, heightened enthusiasm and participation in church programs, and the establishment of a more cohesive spiritual learning community. Furthermore, the process encouraged a deeper sense of belonging and responsibility among the participants toward their ecclesial environment. In conclusion, the interactive model demonstrates significant effectiveness in fostering youth spirituality and may serve as a viable alternative strategy for churches encountering similar challenges within contemporary contexts of ministry.

Salem District is one of the largest coffee commodities in Brebes Regency. This significant potential has yet to provide a meaningful contribution to the income of coffee farmers, especially in Gunung Jaya village, Salem District. The low income of coffee farmers is due to the fact that they still sell their coffee products in the form of cherry. Over time, in 2018, farmers began to develop small-scale and simple coffee processing from green beans to roasted beans and coffee powder, pioneered by the SME "Lulumpang Kopi". They still use simple tools and often have to travel out of town to obtain the desired coffee powder. Lulumpang Kopi can produce 100-150 packages of coffee weighing 100 grams. Seeing this potential, the Community Partnership Empowerment team (PKM) from the University of Civilisation and UNSOED, funded by DIKTISAINTEK, is conducting community service this year 2025 using training methods, workshops, and appropriate technology grants. Thus, technology has been granted in the form of 1 Huller machine with a capacity of 150kg/batch, 1 BBM Grinding machine with a capacity of 10kg/batch, and scales. This assistance aims to enhance farmers' capabilities to achieve greater economic independence and improve their competitiveness in the market. As a result of this activity, partners were able to increase the capacity and quality of coffee farmers' production through the grant of equipment such as huller, BBM grinder, and digital scales, making the processing faster, more efficient, and yielding better coffee compared to traditional methods. In addition, the training participants also demonstrated an increase in knowledge through pre-tests and post-tests, rising from 66.5% to 77.3%, an increase of 13.8% from the 40 participants who attended.

This study discusses God’s prohibition of adultery as stated in Malachi 2:14–16 and its relevance to contemporary Christian families. Adultery is regarded as a betrayal that not only damages the marital relationship but also violates the sacred covenant with God. The study highlights that an ideal Christian family is one founded on God’s Word, upholding love, faithfulness, and a life of reverence to God. However, in reality, many families face challenges such as individualistic lifestyles, the negative impact of social media, poor communication, and declining spiritual values. Real-life cases, including infidelity leading to violence, reveal the urgency of applying biblical principles to build strong families. Thus, Malachi 2:14–16 serves as a theological foundation affirming the importance of faithfulness and love in preserving the integrity of Christian marriage. Furthermore, poor communication, a lack of mutual understanding, and declining spiritual engagement can strain relationships, making it more difficult to maintain a strong, healthy marriage. These challenges highlight the critical need for Christian families to return to the foundational principles outlined in God’s Word, including the importance of sacrificial love, trust, and mutual respect. The study draws attention to the practical implications of these teachings, urging families to actively engage in spiritual practices, open communication, and mutual support to overcome the pressures of modern life. By doing so, they can create environments where love and faithfulness flourish, ensuring that their relationships remain strong and rooted in the divine covenant established by God. Thus, Malachi 2:14-16 remains highly relevant today as a timeless reminder of the sacred nature of marriage and the importance of nurturing healthy, God-centered relationships in Christian families.

Central Java Province targets a 16% reduction in stunting by 2023, with the prevalence having been reduced from 31.2% in 2018(Riskesdas, 2018) to 20.8% in 2022 (SSGI). The causes of stunting in Central Java include a lack of knowledge about balanced nutrition, proper parenting, and lack of access to proper drinking water and sanitation. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Central Java Provincial Health Office strategy in reducing stunting rates. The study used a qualitative design with descriptive methods and in-depth interviews, involving samples from the Health Office, TP-PKK, and Head of Puskesmas through snowball sampling techniques. The results showed that implementation at the Puskesmas level has not been optimal, with low community participation. Semarang City has many stunting reduction programs, in contrast to Brebes Regency. The overall provincial target has been achieved, but operational funding constraints hinder optimal program implementation.

This research is motivated by the potential of the waters of South Palabusa, Buton, as an ideal habitat for pearl oyster cultivation. This region has ecological advantages that can support the growth of oysters producing high-value pearls. However, pearl production is still strongly influenced by the application of nucleus implantation techniques and the condition of the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of nucleus implantation on pearl growth and quality and identify environmental factors that play a significant role. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with subjects being Pteria penguin oysters cultivated by the local community for a period of one month. The main parameters observed included the oyster survival rate, pearl size growth, and the quality of the resulting nacre. The findings provide valuable insight into how nucleus implantation can optimize pearl farming practices. The results showed that oysters implanted with nucleus implants had a survival rate of between 85–90%. Pearl diameter growth reached 1–2 cm per month, with a thicker nacre layer and brighter color than oysters without nuclei. Environmental factors, such as water temperature of 28–30°C, salinity of 30–35 ppt, pH 7.5–8.5, moderate water currents, and high plankton availability, have been shown to support successful cultivation. These environmental factors act as natural enhancers that improve pearl quality and survival rates. The findings of this study imply that the application of appropriate nucleus implantation techniques, accompanied by good environmental management, can increase pearl yield and quality. This not only provides significant economic benefits for cultivators but can also serve as a basis for developing sustainable pearl cultivation strategies in potential Indonesian waters. Thus, sustainable pearl aquaculture can become a promising sector for local communities.

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency, implemented by the Communication and Informatics Office (Diskominfo). This program is part of the local government's digital transformation to create a smart, inclusive, and adaptive society to the development of information technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, and data is obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis is conducted using Charles O. Jones's theory of public policy implementation, which includes three main components: organization, interpretation, and implementation. The results show that organizationally, Diskominfo has a supportive structure and relatively competent human resources, although there are still limitations in the mastery of digital technology among employees. From an interpretation perspective, the digital literacy strategy is implemented through public education, hoax prevention, digital content provision, and social media utilization. Meanwhile, in terms of implementation, supervision is carried out through monitoring, regular reporting, the use of digital applications, and evaluation forums. Some obstacles faced include budget limitations, the digital divide between regions, uneven technological infrastructure, and the lack of specific evaluation indicators. Nevertheless, improvement efforts continue through human resource training, optimization of digital facilities and infrastructure, and cross-sector synergy. This study concludes that the implementation of the Smart Society 5.0-based digital literacy program in Ciamis Regency has been quite successful, but still requires strengthening human resources, evaluation policies, and equitable digital access in rural areas.

Indonesia is a country that highly upholds the law, this is stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In line with these provisions, one of the important principles of a state based on law is the guarantee of equality for everyone faced with the law. The emergence of legal disputes related to land begins with objections related to claims for land rights, both regarding land status, priority and ownership, with the hope of obtaining administrative resolution in accordance with applicable provisions. The problem raised in this study is about court decision no. 148 / pdt.g / 2024 / pn in Tabanan. This study uses an empirical legal research method, namely research with field data as the main data source, such as interview results and observations. In addition, this research is also supported by normative data sourced from books and legislative studies. The purpose of this study is In general, this report aims to provide an overview of the settlement of criminal acts of court decisions in Tabanan. Based on the formulation of the problem How is the Implementation of Decision No.148/Pdt.G/2024/PN.Tab Regarding the Validity of Land Ownership Certificates, What legal remedies can be taken by legitimate heirs in the event of cancellation of the transfer of land ownership certificates. The results of the research conducted. It is known that the lack of concreteness of the Tabanan District Court's decision so that the settlement of civil cases is still ongoing, in process or ongoing, so far the parties involved are still trying to find a solution by collecting evidence and witnesses to resolve land disputes in Tabanan, the author concludes that the court has a central role in deciding cases and the author also advises all people before making land purchases and sales to check the completeness of documents, for example certificates.  

This study aims to determine the role of parents in fulfilling the right to education for girls based on the implementation of Article 31 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in the region. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of village heads, parents, and girls who dropped out of school. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study revealed that some parents showed a high awareness of the importance of education for girls and provided real support by sending their children to school to a certain level of education. However, there are also parents who still limit their children's education to only a certain level, mainly due to limited economic reasons and the influence of cultural values ​​rooted in society. Factors such as economic dependence on girls and the view that higher education is not necessary for women are obstacles in realizing equal access to education. The implementation of Article 31 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution at the village level has not been optimal because there are no specific policies or programs from the village government that actually guarantee the right to education for girls. This study concludes that parental involvement plays an important role in addressing the inequality of access to education for girls in rural areas, and further support is needed from the government and the community to create an environment that is more supportive of girls' education. The implementation of more inclusive policies based on the needs of the local community is also very necessary to ensure that girls' right to education can be properly fulfilled.