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The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a global health crisis that revealed China's political strategies in intricate ways. This study examines the political aspects of China's response to the outbreak, focusing on its information management, domestic policies, and international diplomacy. By analyzing narratives surrounding the virus's origins and its global spread, the research also assessed the pandemic's impact on Indo-China relations[1] across diplomatic and economic dimensions. The pandemic period also coincided with a sharp deterioration in bilateral trust between India and China, highlighted by the Galwan Valley clash and subsequent tensions along the Line of Actual Control, which deepened strategic mistrust and hardened India’s policy stance. The findings illuminate how political maneuvering has redefined China's geopolitical standing during this crisis, providing insights into the evolving landscape of Indo-Pacific relations. By uncovering these complexities, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of health geopolitics and the underlying power dynamics.    

Covid-19 referral hospitals were studied and it was found that their operational costs had increased. However, their income had actually decreased. This was because there were not many general patients. In addition, asset utilisation was also hampered by the Covid-19 pandemic, which affected the economy. This study sought to find out whether there had been an increase or decrease due to Covid-19. The study used a quantitative method, namely calculating the effectiveness and efficiency ratios. This study uses a descriptive method. The results will be explained in detail. This study compares the conditions before and during Covid-19. The results show that effectiveness in 2019 was 114%. Then, in 2023, it rose to 128%, or an increase of 14%. Meanwhile, efficiency in 2019 was 88%. In 2023, it was 107%. This means there was a decrease of 19%. In conclusion, the budget was well prepared and very effective in 2019 and 2023. However, the use of operational costs during Covid-19 was less efficient. From being quite efficient in 2019, it became inefficient in 2023.

This study aims to assess the financial performance of the Sukoharjo Regency Government during the 2023-2024 period by employing cash flow statements as the primary analytical tool. Cash flow statements are considered essential as they provide a clear picture of liquidity conditions and the actual capacity of local governments to manage cash inflows and outflows. This research applies a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from audited Budget Realization Reports and Cash Flow Statements. Financial performance is evaluated through revenue effectiveness ratios and expenditure efficiency ratios as key indicators of fiscal management. The results indicate that regional revenue realization consistently exceeded the established targets throughout the study period, placing revenue performance in the very effective category. This finding reflects the local government’s ability to maximize revenue potential during the post-pandemic economic recovery phase. However, the analysis of expenditure efficiency reveals that spending management has not yet reached an optimal level, as expenditure realization remained close to the allocated budget limits. These findings demonstrate that strong revenue performance does not necessarily correspond with efficient expenditure control. Consequently, local government financial performance should be evaluated comprehensively by integrating both revenue effectiveness and expenditure efficiency perspectives. This study contributes empirically to public sector accounting literature and offers practical insights for policymakers to strengthen budget control mechanisms and promote sustainable financial management at the regional level.    

The phenomenon of burnout has evolved into a significant occupational health problem with a prevalence reaching 82% across various global work sectors, especially post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify and analyze the causal factors of burnout through a systematic literature review approach using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature search was conducted on four main electronic databases yielding 309 articles which were then selected down to 10 high-quality articles meeting inclusion criteria for the 2021-2025 publication period. Synthesis results indicate that burnout is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by complex interactions between organizational and individual factors. Dominant organizational factors include work overload, lack of managerial support, unsafe working conditions, and resource inadequacy with burnout prevalence ranging from 17-94%. Individual factors encompass demographic characteristics, coping strategies, resilience, and internal psychological conflicts that serve as moderator variables. Job satisfaction and work meaningfulness function as mediator variables connecting organizational conditions with burnout outcomes. These findings provide theoretical contributions in understanding burnout etiology and can practically serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based preventive interventions to reduce burnout prevalence in work environments.

This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 20 empirical and conceptual articles published between 2020 and 2025 to examine the influence of city branding on tourism interest and consumer behavior, with a particular focus on the city of Balikpapan. The synthesis reveals that city branding significantly shapes tourist perceptions through key elements such as destination image, brand identity, brand personality, and digital communication. Destination image consistently emerges as the primary mediator linking city branding to visit intention, while experiential and emotional branding further strengthen tourists’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. The findings also highlight the growing importance of digital media and e-WOM in amplifying city branding strategies, especially in the post-pandemic tourism landscape. Despite strong branding potential rooted in cleanliness, safety, and Balikpapan’s strategic role as a supporting city for the new capital (IKN), gaps remain in digital branding, differentiation, and identity storytelling. The review emphasizes the need for more integrated, innovative, and data-driven branding approaches to enhance the city’s competitiveness and attract greater tourism engagement.

This research investigates integrated maritime workforce resilience and mental health management frameworks addressing post-pandemic seafarer wellbeing challenges and organizational safety culture transformation. Through qualitative analysis involving 39 stakeholders including seafarers, ship operators, mental health professionals, maritime unions, training institutions, and maritime authorities, this study examines how COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health crises through extended contracts, shore leave restrictions, and isolation while exposing systemic inadequacies in psychological support systems. Results demonstrate that comprehensive mental health frameworks can reduce psychological distress by 55-70%, improve safety performance by 40-55%, enhance crew retention by 45-60%, and decrease incident rates by 35-50% when integrating organizational culture change, leadership competency development, predictive analytics, and culturally-adapted interventions. Key challenges include mental health stigma (affecting 65-80% of seafarers), limited organizational investment (only 18-25% adequate), service accessibility gaps, and workforce demographic diversity requiring culturally-sensitive approaches. Findings reveal that effective mental health management requires systemic organizational transformation integrating psychological wellbeing into safety management systems, work design optimization, family support programs, and career sustainability rather than treating mental health as peripheral welfare concern, supporting maritime industry's workforce retention and operational safety imperatives.

Purpose – Purpose study This is For explore How management source Power human (HR) functions as a strategic pillar in develop economy resilient and adaptive defense in the global era . Research This integrate policy national , power competition industry defense , and work The same international through HR- based approach global competence . Design/ methodology / approach – Research This use method review library systematic (Systematic Literature Review/SLR), analyzing more of 50 peer-reviewed articles from journal published Scopus / WoS indexed between 2021–2025 . Research This synthesize framework Work from strategic human resources , economics defense , and global collaboration . Findings – Research This find that HR is not just function administrative , but play role strategic in form strength defense through development source Power people , digital literacy , and work The same cross- country research this also reveals that success synergy industry defense is greatly influenced by the readiness of human resource actors to integrate innovation , diplomacy , and knowledge transnational . Implications practical – For operationalize findings this , policy defense national must invest in centers featured human resource development , design repeat curriculum aligned defense​ with global threats and technologies , as well as build partnership strategic HR with actors​ defense international . Originality / Value – Study This was the first to conceptualize framework Work integrative which places HR as the core of transformation economy defense in a post-pandemic global landscape driven by digitally . Study This offer novelty theoretical with connect economy defense with strategic HR practices , as well as relevance practical for the makers policy and educators defense .

This study explores how human resource (HR) management functions as a strategic pillar in developing a resilient and adaptive defense economy in the global era. The research integrates national policies, defense industry power competition, and international collaboration through an HR-based global competence approach. The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method, analyzing over 50 peer-reviewed articles published in Scopus/WoS indexed journals between 2021 and 2025. The research synthesizes a framework that combines strategic human resource management, defense economics, and global collaboration. The findings reveal that HR is not merely an administrative function but plays a strategic role in strengthening defense through the development of human power, digital literacy, and international collaboration. The study further highlights that the success of defense industry synergies is largely influenced by the readiness of human resource actors to integrate innovation, diplomacy, and transnational knowledge. For practical implications, the study suggests that national defense policies must invest in specialized human resource development centers, design curricula aligned with global threats and technologies, and build strategic partnerships with international defense actors. This study is the first to conceptualize an integrative framework that places HR at the core of defense economy transformation in the post-pandemic, digitally driven global landscape, offering both theoretical novelty and practical relevance for policymakers and defense educators.

Purpose –This article aims to integrate three strategic pillars in strengthening Indonesia's defense human resources (HR), namely Crew Resource Management (CRM) in military medicine, national biological defense, and STEM-based education. Design/methodology/approach –The research used a systematic literature review approach by examining literature from international databases (Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, ACM, IEEE, ScienceDirect, SAGE, DOAJ, JSTOR) and reputable national journals (SINTA, GARUDA, BRIN). The analysis was conducted thematically with normative, empirical, and conceptual approaches. Findings –The study results show that: (1) CRM effectively improves communication, coordination, and decision-making of military medical teams in crisis situations; (2) the establishment of a Biological Defense Agency is urgently needed to address the threat of pandemics, bioterrorism, and transnational biosecurity; and (3) STEM education has been proven to strengthen innovation, adaptability, and the competence of the younger generation of defense personnel. The integration of these three aspects results in the CRM–Bio-Defense–STEM Nexus conceptual framework as the foundation for developing Indonesian defense human resources towards the 2045 vision. Practical implications –This study recommends strengthening national policies through: (1) a STEM-based defense curriculum, (2) CRM training in military medical education and operations, and (3) the establishment of a special biological defense institution as the front line in facing biological threats.Originality/value –This article provides a new contribution in the form of an integrative conceptual model of CRM–Bio-Defense–STEM that has never been studied holistically in the context of Indonesian defense, while also offering a strategic framework for the development of adaptive, innovative, and resilient national defense human resources.

The implementation of teaching and learning activities in Indonesia is guided by the Curriculum. The curriculum is developed and refined in line with the rapid development of science and technology and the evolution of society. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, major changes have occurred in the world of education, especially in Indonesia, with a shift from direct learning in classrooms to distance education based on digital technology. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of implementing the Independent Curriculum at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area. Through this approach, it is hoped to obtain a clearer picture of the effectiveness of the curriculum in improving the quality of education as well as identifying obstacles and opportunities that arise in its implementation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the effect of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area. Research conducted by researchers at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area, it can be seen that they always regularly attend training from both the principal and teachers and to strengthen teachers' understanding of the Independent Learning Curriculum, teachers always hold monthly meetings with the Teacher Working Group (KKG) to resolve various problems related to the Independent Learning Curriculum. as well as to increase teacher competence in the process of teaching and learning activities.

This study investigates the simultaneous and individual effects of School-Based Management (SBM), principal supervision, transformational leadership, and work culture on the performance of junior high school teachers in Serang City, Indonesia. Against the backdrop of the Merdeka Curriculum and the shift to hybrid learning in the post-pandemic era, the research addresses persistent challenges such as hierarchical school cultures and technological disparities. Employing a quantitative ex post facto approach, data were collected from 316 teachers across public and private schools through structured questionnaires, classroom observations, and document analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that SBM, principal supervision, transformational leadership, and work culture each have significant and positive impacts on teacher performance, with transformational leadership and work culture exerting the most substantial influence. The results demonstrate that 74% of the variance in teacher performance can be explained by these four organizational factors, underscoring their critical role in shaping pedagogical competence, classroom management, and professional development. The study further highlights the necessity for comprehensive managerial training, the integration of technology in supervisory practices, and the cultivation of collaborative and innovative work cultures. Practical recommendations include enhancing principal leadership capacity, fostering instructional supervision, and investing in digital infrastructure to support sustainable improvements in teacher performance. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on educational management in Indonesia and offer actionable insights for policymakers, school leaders, and educators aiming to strengthen teacher effectiveness amidst ongoing educational reforms and digital transformation.

This study aims to determine the influence of intellectual capital, company age, company size, and managerial ownership on firm value, with Good Corporate Governance (GCG) acting as a moderating variable. In addition to analyzing the overall effect of each variable, this study also divides the analysis into three distinct periods: the normal period, the pandemic period, and the recovery period. The population of the study includes companies in the hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2018 to 2022. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in a total of 24 companies with 120 observations analyzed. To test the hypotheses and analyze the data, this study employed the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 25. The results indicate that intellectual capital and company age do not have a significant effect on firm value. In contrast, company size and managerial ownership were found to have a significant influence on firm value, suggesting that larger companies and those with higher levels of managerial ownership tend to have stronger firm value. Furthermore, Good Corporate Governance (GCG), when tested as a moderating variable, did not significantly strengthen the relationship between intellectual capital and firm value. When viewed across the three time periods—normal, pandemic, and recovery—intellectual capital, company age, managerial ownership, and the moderating effect of GCG consistently showed no significant influence on firm value. However, the study reveals a notable exception in the case of company size. During both the pandemic and recovery periods, company size was shown to significantly affect firm value. This suggests that during periods of crisis and recovery, firm size plays a more crucial role in maintaining or increasing firm value, possibly due to greater resources, resilience, and operational capacity possessed by larger firms.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of mandatory spending in the management of regional expenditure in the education sector in 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province for the 2019–2022 fiscal year. Mandatory spending is an obligation to allocate at least 20% of the APBD for education, as regulated in national regulations. Efficiency is measured by the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method using an output-oriented approach and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumptions, where an area is said to be efficient if its efficiency score = 1. Meanwhile, effectiveness is assessed based on the comparison of output and outcomes, and is said to be effective when it reaches a percentage of 90–100%. The results show that there is a disparity between regions. Only Klaten Regency and Semarang City have shown perfect efficiency for four consecutive years. However, none of the areas achieved perfect effectiveness throughout the study period. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the dynamics of education budget realization, which has an impact on achieving efficiency and effectiveness. These findings provide strategic implications for local governments in developing education budget policies that are more optimal and oriented towards improving the quality of human resources.  

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic was experienced by business actors, especially MSME business actors and had a huge impact on business actors who had just started a business. The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world has made many changes, including the changing behavior of consumers. MSME actors must be able to adapt to existing conditions. Consumers prefer to make purchases onlineonline according to their circumstances and needs during a pandemic, but this right is also inseparable with regard to the quality of the product to be purchased, whether it meets their needs or not. The research objectives were to find out and analyze the influence of: social media on buying interest, product quality on buying interest, and social media and product quality on buying interest in UMKM Mitra Mandiri Brebes. The research population referred toFriends of the Umkm Mitra Mandiri account as of October 15, 2023 totaling 201 friends. Sampling using the Slovin formula with techniquesincidental as many as 67 respondents. The data uses primary data from the answers to the questionnaire. Hypothesis testing uses SPSS. The theoretical basis used is social media, product quality, and buying interest. The results showed social media partially has a significant effect on purchase intention, product quality partially has a significant effect on purchase intention, and social media and product quality simultaneously influence purchase intention

This study aims to analyze the profitability ratios of PT Blue Bird Tbk during 2021-2024 to evaluate its financial performance. The method used is ratio analysis, including Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The results of the analysis show that all profitability ratios have increased significantly. GPM increased from 22.24% in 2021 to 32.33% in 2024, indicating efficiency in managing production costs. NPM also increased from 0.39% to 11.8%, indicating the company's ability to maintain higher net income. In addition, ROA and ROE increased from 7.48% to 19.30% and from 9.59% to 29.12%, respectively. These findings indicate that PT Blue Bird Tbk has successfully recovered from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and has positive growth potential in the future

This study investigates the impact of live streaming, promotions, and online customer reviews on purchasing decisions among users of the Tokopedia platform in Indonesia. The rapid development of the internet, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed consumer behavior, leading to increased adoption of digital shopping methods. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 130 respondents who have engaged with Tokopedia's live streaming feature, Tokopedia Play. The findings reveal that both live streaming and promotional strategies significantly influence online reviews and purchasing decisions, with coefficients of 0.426 and 0.445, respectively. Online reviews also play a critical mediating role, enhancing the relationship between live streaming, promotions, and purchasing decisions. The demographic analysis indicates that younger consumers, particularly those aged 17-26, dominate the user base, highlighting the need for tailored marketing strategies. Despite the positive outcomes, challenges such as the digital divide and cybersecurity concerns persist, necessitating strategic measures to enhance digital literacy and secure online transactions. The study concludes that leveraging live streaming, promotions, and positive online reviews can significantly enhance consumer engagement and drive sales in the competitive e-commerce landscape of Indonesia. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these variables on consumer loyalty and the impact of emerging technologies on the e-commerce experience.

Digital era has brought about the widest and unprecedented generational gap between parents and senior leaders on the one side and the next generation on the other. Raising and, more importantly, multiplying leaders in this era requires contextual intelligence. Seniors must apply this crucial intelligent skill in choosing their content, in the way they communicate and in how they form communities. In post-pandemic era, its urgency only increases, hence needs optimizing.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, administered by BPJS Kesehatan, has significantly expanded public access to healthcare services, particularly inpatient care. This study aims to analyze inpatient JKN reimbursement patterns at Surakarta General Government Hospital during the period of 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on five main variables: INA-CBGs grouping codes, class of care, severity level, INA-CBGs tariff, and actual hospital costs. A descriptive-analytic method with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the INA-CBGs system. The results indicate that inpatient reimbursements were predominantly concentrated in Class 3 services (64%–70%) and severity level 1 (45%–59%). From 2020 to 2022, respiratory-related cases dominated, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while in 2023–2024 a shift occurred toward non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. A consistent negative tariff gap was identified, particularly in Class 3 and severity level 1, where INA-CBGs reimbursements were insufficient to cover actual service costs. These findings underscore the importance of periodic review of INA-CBGs tariff structures, reinforcement of Quality and Cost Control (KMKB), and optimization of reimbursement management information systems to enhance service efficiency and ensure the financial sustainability of JKN, especially in Type C hospitals that serve as the primary level of healthcare delivery.

This study examines the influence of e-commerce platforms on the growth of MSMEs in the post-pandemic era, focusing on the implementation of entrepreneurial marketing strategies in the digital ecosystem. This research aims to understand how e-commerce platforms help MSMEs in developing more adaptive and effective marketing strategies amid changes in consumer behavior post-pandemic. The method used is a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the use of e-commerce platforms, entrepreneurial marketing strategies, and the growth of MSMEs. The main findings show that the use of e-commerce platforms has a significant effect on entrepreneurial marketing strategies, which in turn encourages the growth of MSMEs. This research contributes to the literature on MSME digitalization, particularly in the context of post-pandemic recovery, and shows how e-commerce platforms can be an important enabler for MSMEs to survive and thrive amid changing market challenges. The urgency of this research lies in its contribution in providing insights into the implementation of innovative digital marketing strategies, which is highly relevant for MSMEs trying to adapt to the post-pandemic business landscape. Keywords: ,

This article aims to explore the urgency of increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle in dealing with the phenomenon of a post-pandemic sedentary lifestyle, by considering its relationship to Islamic education. The study is the result of a qualitative literature review with a theoretical approach to a sedentary lifestyle and then based on the urgency of a healthy lifestyle. After discussion and analysis, the study concluded: that Islamic education focuses on a healthy lifestyle culture, so that sedentary culture is a contradictory habit. The study recommends strengthening self-awareness as a solution to the mass sedentary culture due to the pandemic. This step minimizes the risk of disease and health disorders. This study is expected to contribute to the world of medicine and Islamic education.