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Sustainable water resource management is a crucial issue, especially in horticultural agricultural areas such as Berastagi, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This area is known for its abundant water resources, but the challenge in optimizing water distribution and quality is still a problem. This study aims to analyze the level of community participation in water resource management in Berastagi and to develop a sustainable management strategy using the SWOT approach. The method used in this study is a SWOT analysis that considers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in water management. The results show that community participation in technical aspects is quite high, but still low in terms of planning and evaluation. The main strength factors are abundant water resources and support from the farming community, while weaknesses lie in limited infrastructure and water pollution from agricultural activities. The main opportunities for sustainable water management include irrigation modernization and increased government regulation, while the main threats are the impacts of climate change and the use of chemicals in agriculture that have the potential to pollute water. From this SWOT analysis, it is recommended to develop technology-based irrigation infrastructure, increase socialization and community education to increase involvement in water management, and collaboration between the government, community, and research institutions. It is expected that this strategy can strengthen sustainable and adaptive water resource management in the Berastagi horticultural area.

Building fires can significantly degrade the strength and integrity of steel structures, so post-incident evaluation is crucial to ensure building safety and feasibility. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the steel tower structure after the fire through a visual inspection method. A total of 35 structural elements were examined, including columns, beams, and bracing, to identify damage caused by heat exposure. The inspection results showed that 6 elements (17%) were in the category of Acceptable, 8 elements (23%) Needs Attention, 5 elements (14%) Not Acceptable, and 1 element (3%) Not Applicable because they had been removed. Steel columns generally remain upright without deformation, but suffer damage to the protective layer (coating). In contrast, most blocks lose their protective layers, are directly exposed to fire, show early signs of corrosion, and some suffer severe damage such as flange tears and cuts. These findings confirm the importance of systematic documentation and classification of element conditions as the basis for technical decision-making for structural improvement. Visual inspection proved effective as an initial step in the evaluation process, providing a relevant initial picture of the extent of damage and the need for intervention. This study recommends follow-up in the form of advanced structural analysis and material testing to ensure the feasibility of reusing the affected steel elements.

Bio-inspired engineering is a rapidly growing field that applies principles found in nature to develop innovative solutions in structural engineering, materials science, and robotics. This paper explores biomimicry in various disciplines, such as self-cleaning surfaces inspired by lotus leaves, energy-efficient building designs modeled after termite mounds, and ultra-lightweight yet durable materials inspired by spider silk. The study highlights the role of computational modeling in replicating biological structures and discusses the challenges of translating natural efficiencies into engineered systems. Additionally, this research examines the environmental impact of bio-inspired materials and their potential to replace conventional, resource-intensive materials in industries such as construction, aerospace, and biomedical engineering.

Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has abundant mineral wealth, both metal minerals and other minerals. Metal minerals, including gold, tend to have a higher economic value. Based on data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the world's gold reserves in 2020 were 50,300 tons of Au. Indonesia is among the 5 largest in the world with 5% of the total gold reserves, which is 2,600 tons of Au. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology and science in the mining industry, especially gold and silver, to improve the optimization of the process and increase the added value of the mining products themselves. One of the gold extraction processes can be done hydrometallurgically with the cyanidation method using a intensive leach test. The results of this experiment show that factors such as cyanide usage and ultra fine particle size will greatly affect the recovery of gold and silver metals.

Gold (Au) as a precious metal has played significant role throughout human history. Most gold ores subjected to leaching using the sodium cyanide (NaCN) contain high levels of base metals. High base metal content can influence the recovery of pregnant leach solution (PLS), as it affects the consumption of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and lime used to optimize the gold ore leaching process. Pre treatment leaching process is required for gold ores before the leaching process is carried out. In this study, a pre treatment leaching process was carried out using the Aachen High Shear and Filblast Low Shear Reactors with variations in feed solids percentage for each reactor, utilizing NaCN concentrations of 1000 ppm for the Aachen with bottle roll test (BRT) and 500 ppm for the Filblast with agitations leach test (ALT). Based on this study, each pre-treatment leaching reactor, the extraction percentages were 54.30% Au, 63,40%  Ag for the Aachen and 52.19% Au and 68,10% Ag at Filblast. Lime consumption in the Aachen was highest at 3.47 kg/t (PreOx 3 and AAL), while in Filblast at 1.71 kg/t. Meanwhile, NaCN consumption in the Aachen was highest at 0.64 kg/t (PreOx 2), compared to 0.80 kg/t in Filblast.

This study aims to analyze the maintenance strategy of railway lines in West Sumatra using the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach to determine the most economically efficient and sustainable maintenance option. The main issues raised are the high cost of reactive maintenance and the risk of operational disruption due to track damage. The research method involved collecting construction, operational, and maintenance cost data from railway operators, as well as LCC-based scenario simulations to compare preventive and reactive maintenance strategies. The results of the analysis show that the preventive maintenance strategy results in lower total life cycle costs, compared to the reactive strategy. In addition, the preventive strategy also supports operational sustainability by minimizing the risk of service disruption and improving user safety. SWOT analysis shows that LCC implementation has great potential to improve budget efficiency and support local economic growth, although challenges such as data limitations and natural disaster risks need to be mitigated. This research concludes that an LCC-based approach can be the basis for designing more effective, efficient and sustainable railway maintenance policies. Recommendations include prioritizing preventive maintenance, using monitoring technology, and strengthening supporting policies.

This study aims to reprocess middlings from the mineral processing process carried out at PT Timah Tbk which still contains cassiterite minerals using a three disc magnetic separator tool with variations in electric current strength and distance between the height of the magnet and the belt. Sn content will be analyzed using XRF. Variations in the strength of the electric current used are ranging from 0.3 A to 1.3 A which will be divided into 3 variations and variations in the height distance of the magnet with the belt used, namely 0.7, 1 and 1.3 cm. This research was carried out 9 times of testing which will be sought for the optimum level and recovery produced. The results showed the distribution of tin distribution in each size fraction. In addition, the Sn content and Sn recovery produced also varied for each test variation. The highest Sn content (%), 27.1%, was obtained in the test with the highest electric current strength variation and the smallest magnet height distance. Meanwhile, the highest recovery of 85.12% was obtained in the test with the smallest electric current strength and the largest magnetic height distance. Based on the results of the study, the higher the electric current strength used, the higher the Sn content obtained, but the lower the Sn recovery obtained. Meanwhile, the higher the height distance of the magnet with the belt used, the lower the Sn content obtained but the higher the Sn recovery obtained. As well as for the optimum levels and recovery obtained in research using strong electric current and the height distance of the magnet with a medium belt with Sn content of 12.2% and Sn recovery of 54.67%.

The digital era in the industrial revolution 4.0 has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. With the presence of increasingly sophisticated digital technology and the widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the education system is currently faced with new challenges to adapt to the times. However, the emergence of AI also has a negative impact on education, especially in the context of Technology and Vocational Education, namely increasing plagiarism, excessive dependence, lack of skill development, and weakening of culture, norms, and interactions between students and lecturers. This study aims to analyze the moral and ethical role in the use of AI in Technology and Vocational Education. The literature review research method is used in this study with a qualitative approach. Secondary data collection was carried out with the help of Google Scholar web technology and the bibliometric processing application VOSViewer. The data analysis technique applies the Miles & Hubberman model which consists of: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that morals and ethics play a central role in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in Technology and Vocational Education in the digital era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The study also recommends strategic steps to ensure the use of AI in Technology and Vocational Education remains ethical and effective.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and automated response strategies to mitigate damage and improve recovery efforts. This paper explores how AI-powered drones, satellite imagery, and sensor networks enhance disaster monitoring and decision-making. Additionally, the study discusses the role of AI in optimizing emergency resource allocation and predicting infrastructure vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of past disaster management strategies, this research aims to propose AI-integrated frameworks that enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.

Wood is a superior choice as the main material for forming the structure of a construction system. Its unique characteristics and the fact that it can withstand gravity and lateral forces make it the first choice as a material for construction models. Landa', which functions as a rice storage house, has a unique construction system with the use of natural materials. The research was conducted by exploring how the construction system of landa' is formed from materials and materials using qualitative methods with a descriptive way of presentation. The results of the study concluded that the construction system of landa' uses a unique method by placing each part above the other to form a single unit of the landa' building, the column (pessajo) is bound by the beam (tolohna) and the addition of beams (parende) which will support the body of the landa', the body part is composed of walls (rinding) and fastened with a locking system tallu boko' and sa'pi’ which will support the roof (dea).

Minerals are solid objects that can be found in nature, formed inorganically, with chemical composition at certain limits and have atoms arranged regularly. Rocks can be distinguished based on the formation process and mineral content. The purpose of this study is to identify minerals in sedimentary rocks and laterite deposits in this study used analytical methods, namely Binocular Microscope and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) laboratory tests. XRD analysis is used to determine the type of mineral in the sample. Based on the results of the XRD X-Ray Diffraction lab test, each sample has a different mineral content.

This research aims to identify the presence of metal elements in sandstone, laterite and clay minerals from Nafri Village, Abepura, Jayapura. The method used is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) at the Hydrology and Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, ITB Bandung. Three field samples (ST-1, ST-2, ST-3) showed significant metal content. ST-1: contains, Fe(28.7%), Mn(0.0761%), Ti(0.692%), Ni(0.0297%), Cr(0.0907%), Na(trace), Mg(1.95%), Al(21.5 %), Cu(0.0565%), Zn(0.0294%), Rh(0.554%) ;ST-2 contains Na(0.493%), Mg(1.07%), Al(4.55%), K(0.801%), Ca (62.6%), Ti(0.364%), Mn(0.148%), Fe(14.0%), Cu(0.0342%), Sr(0.218%), Ag(0.135%); and ST-3 contains Na(0.625%), Mg(1.38%), Al(3.87%), K(0.937%), Ca(64.5%), Ti(0.409%), Mn(1.38%), Fe(7.37%). %), Sr(0.305%). The results show potential metal resources, particularly nickel and iron, in the area for further exploration and mining. This research provides important basic information for the study of geology and resource management in Jayapura

People's mining activities in Gamey Village, Uwapa District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province are carried out to meet daily needs and improve the welfare of the local community. This mining activity is based on alluvial deposit conditions and is applied for mining sediments on the surface and using alcon machines. for high pressure water spray. This community mining activity is divided into several stages starting from preparation of mining land, processing and production processes as well as selling gold products for sale. This research aims to examine the gold processing used by small-scale miners in Uwapa District, Gamey Village, and its impact on the environment and public health. The main focus of this research is on the use of the sluice box method, which is the gold processing technique most commonly used by local communities. This method was chosen for its simplicity and low cost, although the gold recovery efficiency varies between 50-70%. Additionally, this research evaluates alternative technologies such as shake tables and centrifuges that can increase gold recovery efficiency and be more environmentally friendly. The research results show that the implementation of alternative technology requires training, procurement of adequate equipment and infrastructure as well as ongoing monitoring. By adopting better technology, it is hoped that gold mining activities in Gamey Village can run more productively and sustainably, improving community welfare without damaging the environment.

PT XYZ) is a company which focuses on integrated aquaculture. Operating since 1987, PT XYZ has a fish and shrimp feed factory, fish and shrimp breeding and rearing as well as marine fish food processing and cold storage for local and global markets. At PT XYZ, especially the Quality Control division, there are still ineffective analysis activities, namely piece length analysis. An effort to increase productivity is by designing an automatic cut length analysis machine with the aim of maximizing efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the objective function of this research was carried out to design and increase productivity and reduce inefficient activities. From this, it is necessary to design and optimize activities to have a positive impact on the company. This research uses Blender software and the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which includes concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing and distribution. The results of this research show that this machine design is very effective and practical for the company and allows the company to improve maximum performance

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods pose significant risks to critical infrastructure. AI-driven disaster response systems provide real-time analytics, predictive modeling, and automated response strategies to mitigate damage and improve recovery efforts. This paper explores how AI-powered drones, satellite imagery, and sensor networks enhance disaster monitoring and decision-making. Additionally, the study discusses the role of AI in optimizing emergency resource allocation and predicting infrastructure vulnerabilities. Through an analysis of past disaster management strategies, this research aims to propose AI-integrated frameworks that enhance disaster preparedness and resilience.

The largest source of energy currently utilized is still predominantly from fossils. Fossil energy sources are non-renewable so over time they will run out. So it is necessary to utilize renewable energy sources. One renewable energy source that is environmentally friendly and easy to obtain is wind energy. Wind is a collection of air that is experiencing movement due to a difference in pressure on the earth's surface. Wind will move from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. Experimental research on wind energy is a useful energy that can be put to good use. Wind energy is a form of energy that comes from utilizing air flow in the atmosphere to produce mechanical or electrical energy. The main technology used to utilize wind energy is a wind turbine, which converts wind kinetic energy into electrical energy through a generator. Which of course also requires sufficient wind speed so that the wind turbine can rotate and produce mechanical movement in the form of rotational torque which can then be converted into electrical energy. Wind energy has great potential as a clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly resource, as it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions or hazardous waste during its operation. However, wind energy development faces challenges such as fluctuations in wind speed, large land requirements, visual impacts, and potential disruption to local ecosystems. With technological innovation and careful planning, wind energy can be a significant solution to meet global energy needs in a sustainable manner.

In an era of increasingly fierce competition in the energy sector, companies are required to not only meet customer needs, but also to improve service quality and customer satisfaction in a sustainable manner. This study aims to analyze and improve the performance of the Marketing and Customer Service Division at PT XYZ by applying the 5W1H method and the Fishbone Diagram.  The study identified a number of factors that contributed to the division's low performance, including a lack of adequate training and decreased work motivation. Through in-depth analysis, this study provides strategic recommendations to improve the quality of training, the development of an integrated information system, and the establishment of clear service standards. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to improve productivity, service quality, and customer satisfaction, as well as strengthen the company's position in a competitive market.

Operational risk is one of the significant challenges that can hinder the achievement of a company's goals, especially in strategic departments such as the Engineering Department. Risk identification and mitigation are important steps to ensure smooth operations and maintain the company's overall productivity and performance. This study aims to evaluate and optimize operational risk mitigation strategies in the Engineering Department of PT XYZ, which operates in the cement production sector. With a qualitative approach, this study analyzes various risks faced, including design suitability, reliability of safety monitoring, and budget management. The results show that the implementation of systematic and proactive mitigation strategies can significantly reduce potential risks that can interfere with smooth operations. In addition, this study found that effective communication with stakeholders and the implementation of feedback from customers are essential to increase customer satisfaction and trust. The resulting recommendations include the preparation of project completion time standards, periodic evaluations of performance, and more detailed mapping of budget needs. Thus, this research contributes to the development of best practices that can be adopted by other companies in the same industry. The results of this study are expected to improve PT XYZ's operational performance and strengthen its position in a competitive market.

Decision Support System for Selecting Contraceptives for Women Using the Weighted Product (WP) Method to determine the best alternative results. In this method, there are 5 (five) criteria and 5 alternative contraceptives for women. To test the results, a comparison is made of the results given by the midwife with the results from the system. After that, ranking is carried out according to the highest value from the calculation results for selecting contraceptives for women.