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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are increasingly developed due to their high efficiency, power density, durability, and environmental friendliness. However, the high cost of platinum catalysts limits their widespread application. Reducing platinum usage through the development of low-cost catalyst support materials is a promising approach. Activated carbon derived from biomass offers a sustainable and economical alternative, particularly when utilizing agricultural waste such as coffee husks, which are often discarded. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of activated carbon produced from coffee husk waste through pyrolysis as a catalyst support for PEMFCs. Pyrolysis was conducted at 400 °C, followed by chemical activation using 1 M H₃PO₄ and 1 M KOH with a residence time of 90 minutes. The resulting activated carbon was analyzed through proximate analysis to determine moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content. The results showed that activation with 1 M H₃PO₄ produced the lowest moisture content (3.4%), the lowest ash content (3.8%), and the highest fixed carbon content (60.5%), while 1 M KOH yielded the lowest volatile matter content (27.7%). Based on these results, activated carbon produced using H₃PO₄ meets the requirements of SNI No. 01/6235/2000 and demonstrates strong potential as a catalyst support material for PEMFC applications.

Unexpected downtime of a 2 kg/hour coffee grinder is crucial in cafe operations, thus less guaranteeing the availability of the grinder. The purpose of component replacement and repair planning is to obtain a prediction of the maintenance and repair schedule and costs in the 2026 period. The component replacement planning method includes collecting previous maintenance and repair data, applying the inspection-replace-repair-overhaul (IRRO) method, assessing component conditions, predicting component life, predicting technician costs, predicting supporting work equipment and supporting materials to be used in maintenance, predicting the time to replace spare parts or reinstall components after repair, estimating maintenance and repair costs for the 2026 period, and calculating the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The results of component replacement and repair planning obtained maintenance costs for the 2026 period are IDR 2,350,000, - with an estimated coffee grinder rental rate of IDR 25,000/hour which has the potential to be rented for 1440 hours/year, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits is 6.5% which implies that the coffee grinder with a capacity of 2 kg / hour is still suitable for use for the next few years and still has the opportunity to make a profit.

Increasing in energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves have driven the use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature variations on the quality of biopellets made from bagasse and coffee husks. The materials were prepared in a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 15% tapioca flour as a binder. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C for 120 minutes in oxygen-free conditions. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis was formed into biopellets, which were then tested for proximate composition, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biopellets. A temperature of 550°C produced the lowest moisture content (8.436%), the highest fixed carbon content (62.191%), the highest calorific value (6293 cal/g), and the highest combustion rate (0.05789 g/sec). Conversely, ash content increased with rising temperature, while volatile matter content decreased. Thus, the best biopellets were obtained at a temperature of 550°C. This study confirms the potential of bagasse and coffee husks as raw materials for biopellets through pyrolysis temperature optimization to support the development of sustainable biomass energy.

Ngarip Village, Ulubelu District, is one of the coffee-producing areas in Tanggamus Regency. Some residents process the harvested coffee into various micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) products. This activity produces a byproduct in the form of coffee grounds. Coffee grounds have characteristics that allow them to be processed into products with utility and economic value. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge and skills to the Ngarip Village community on how to process coffee grounds into aromatherapy candles that are attractive, useful, and have the potential to be developed as a creative economy product. The implementation method includes literature studies, field observations, preparation of tools and materials, and socialization and training that includes material presentations, discussions, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and documentation. This training provides knowledge on the concept of 3R-based waste management and techniques for making aromatherapy candles using coffee grounds as an additional ingredient. The implementation results showed that participants were able to understand the process of making aromatherapy candles, from drying coffee grounds, melting wax, mixing ingredients, to the molding stage. Participants also gained knowledge about the benefits of aromatherapy candles for health, the environment, and their economic potential. This training can improve the community's ability to process waste into useful products, while also opening up sustainable home business opportunities. Overall, this activity has a positive impact on increasing public insight, creativity, and awareness regarding organic waste management, as well as encouraging innovations that support local economic independence.

Export means transporting or bringing goods and services from one country to another coun-try. In order to evaluate how strong export competitiveness is and identify market opportunities, specific calculation methods and approaches regarding comparative advantage are needed. One of them is using the "revealed comparative advanced" (RCA) method, which provides an accu-rate picture of how competitive a product is in the international market. One measuring tool is the Balassa index, where a value of more than one (>1) indicates a strong level of competitive-ness for export products to the destination country. Conversely, a value less than one (<1) indi-cates low competitiveness and sales difficulties in that market. The calculation results show that Timor Leste has an average Balassa index of 60.685, followed by Brunei Darussalam with a Balassa index value of 12.526 and Malaysia of 4.987 and with a stable value, thus indicating good potential for exporters who want to market coffee products. roast them to the country. However, Thailand has little potential with a Balassa index of 1.944. In contrast, Singapore and the Philippines have an average Balassa index below 1, indicating there is no great potential as a profitable export market.

Control chalrts alre one of the most widely used quallity interpretaltion tools to determine whether al process is within control limits or whether the calpalbility of al process is within the expected limits alnd criterial. In every production process problems alre often found such als product rejects alnd product defects. Control chalrts caln be used to monitor current alnd ongoing production processes. Observaltions were malde alt the Wilis Valn Jalval coffee industry localted in Kalre District, Maldiun Regency with robustal coffee types. The method used in this observaltion is descriptive with al qualntitaltive alpproalch through observaltion, interviews alnd documentaltion. The technique used in daltal alnallysis is using al P-chalrt. The alnallysis results show thalt coffee defects alccount for 1l0l% of the totall ralw malterialls used. To alchieve optimall production levels, compalnies must paly alttention to detalils thalt caluse production defects to optimize revenue alnd reduce loss falctors.

The coffee concentrate production process is still classified as not having good K3 due to the lack of appropriate personal protective equipment and good organization. This research is a qualitative research. Primary data itself consists of production data, including production flow. Through research related to Occupational Safety and Health carried out in the Aroma Kahuripan production process, it was found that there were several risks of work accidents that could occur. The potential for work accidents in the coffee powder cooking process has a priority risk level of 1, which indicates that it requires immediate treatment. Handling potential work accidents requires an appropriate K3 system. Suggestions for reducing the potential for accidents include personal protective equipment, designing workstations and additional equipment, as well as regular checks. With this proposal, companies can reduce the potential for work accidents.

Sales of coffee drinks from opening stands at bazaars and through social media have fluctuated. In November the target was exceeded. However, from December to April the target was not met. Based on these obstacles, there is a need for sales innovation that will increase sales of Aroma Kahuripan coffee drinks. This research uses qualitative research. After processing the data using ISM Professional software, the results showed that the obstacles that occurred in Aroma Kahuripan sales were unfriendly customer service and unattractive marketing. Apart from that, there are main actors in the sales process, namely marketing staff and baristas.    

Coffee grounds waste, which is rich in carbon, can accelerate global warming if not managed properly, considering its contribution to the greenhouse effect (Hendra Arthaviana, 2019). Therefore, coffee grounds can have a negative impact on the environment if they are not processed or utilized. So, coffee grounds need to be processed into useful products so as not to pollute the environment. The method used in this research is interviews. Based on the results of the application of the ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling) method which was carried out regarding the coffee grounds waste processing strategy, it was concluded that the application of the ISM method can be used to review the main constraint elements and objectives of processing coffee grounds waste at Aroma Kahuripan    

The coffee business, especially during the pandemic, faces challenges in maintaining operations and ensuring profitability. This study focuses on Javadwipa_roastery & Coffee Shop, exploring its Break Even Point (BEP) to assess financial sustainability. Through direct observation and interviews, data on fixed and variable costs were collected. Findings revealed monthly fixed costs of Rp. 1,000,000, and variable costs including raw materials, equipment, labor, and transportation, totaling Rp. 7,223,500. The BEP analysis for Cappuccino and Matcha Latte showed unit BEP at 468.33 and 200.71 respectively, with corresponding Rp. BEP at Rp. 3,275,058.28 and Rp. 3,008,565.31. Understanding BEP aids in strategic planning and decision-making, crucial for achieving optimal profitability in the coffee business.