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This study examines a critical perspective on the concept of rationality, which has long been regarded as the primary foundation of logical and objective decision-making. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research explores the integration of psychological, philosophical, and socio-cultural dimensions in understanding the limitations and complexities of human rationality. The findings reveal that rationality is not entirely neutral or free from bias. The psychological perspective highlights the influence of cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and anchoring effect, which often turn rationality into a justification for emotionally driven decisions. From a philosophical standpoint, David Hume’s argument that “reason is the slave of the passions” emphasizes the subordination of reason to emotion, while Horkheimer and Adorno reveal how modern rationality has evolved into an instrument of domination through ideologies of efficiency and control. In the socio-cultural dimension, rationality is shown to be non-universal, shaped by specific cultural and historical contexts, as exemplified by Max Weber’s concept of the “iron cage,” describing how individuals become trapped within bureaucratic systems of rationalization. The study concludes that classical rationality, characterized by its deterministic and calculative nature, is inherently bounded and insufficient to address the uncertainty and complexity of the modern world. Therefore, a new paradigm of rationality is needed—one that is integrative, reflective, and humanistic, combining logic with emotional, ethical, and social dimensions to produce decisions that are not only rational but also just and humane.

This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education in fostering students’ character who are faithful, knowledgeable, and globally competitive. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA protocol to trace, screen, and synthesize relevant literature from reputable databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) within the 2015–2025 timeframe. Out of 142 identified articles, 38 met the thematic and methodological eligibility criteria. The findings indicate that the integration of the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education creates a hybrid educational model that balances global academic achievement with spiritual and moral development. The Cambridge Curriculum provides a framework for 21st-century competencies, while Islamic Education embeds values, manners, and moral accountability. This synergy requires a paradigm shift among teachers, pedagogical innovation, and curriculum policies centered on character formation. The study concludes that character development based on the integration of global curriculum and Islamic values is a strategic pathway to cultivating an excellent and adaptive Muslim generation ready to face global challenges.

This research is motivated by the low poetry writing skills of third-grade students at MIS Tarbiyah Islamiyah Jelutung. This condition is evident from student learning outcomes that are still below the minimum completion standard and a lack of interest in expressing ideas and feelings through writing. The purpose of this study is to improve poetry writing skills by utilizing animated video media through the Powtoon website as an interesting and interactive learning tool. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which is carried out in two cycles, including the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results show an increase in the average value of poetry writing skills from 61 in the pre-cycle (poor category), to 83 in the first cycle (good category), and increasing again to 90.3 in the second cycle (very good category). Thus, the use of Powtoon animated video media is proven to be effective in improving students' poetry writing skills.

Investment activities in the modernization era are an economic activity that is of great interest to society, especially young people, whose development is very vulnerable to general macroeconomic conditions. And to secure the money and to maintain economic stability, especially now that inflation is very large which has an impact on economic stability. This research aims to discuss saving from a hadith perspective. The formal object of this research is the understanding and urgency of investment which is formulated based on hadith themes. The material object of this research is an investment case within the theoretical framework of investment from a hadith perspective. The results of this research show that hadith themes can be formulated within the theoretical framework of investment from a hadith perspective. The discussion of this research explains that investment is relevant to economic aspects, financial aspects and the influence of a person which includes and explores information, exploration of something he feels he needs. This research data was obtained from various sources, namely the Indonesian Stock Exchange website, Bank Indonesia, Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and Digital Hadith. The conclusion of this research is that the theoretical behavior of investment can have positive and negative impacts as well as the implementation of investment in life which is formulated in the hadith thematic framework in line with the era of modernization.

Islamic Religious Education not only serves as a means of conveying religious knowledge but also as a tool for character and moral development of students. Through a quantitative approach using survey methods, data were collected from a number of students as respondents. The analysis results show that there is a significant influence between the quality of PAI learning and the improvement of students' religious behaviour. The more structured and applicable the PAI learning received, the higher the level of appreciation and practice of religious values in the students' daily lives. The purpose of this research is to discuss the influence of PAI learning on students' religious behaviour. The type of this research is qualitative research using a literature review. Data sources are taken from books, articles, research results, news, websites, and other references related to the research. The data analysis technique uses content analysis where the researcher analyses content from various written sources. The results show that there are several influences of PAI learning on students' religious behaviour, namely, the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers, schools with madrasa curricula, lessons and activities with religious nuances, school culture and climate, social interactions, as well as facilities and resources.

The film Upin and Ipin contains many good lessons to study, but no one has studied the characteristics of a simple life that characterizes the film. This article aims to reveal education about the simple life of the film Upin and Ipin from the perspective of the Qur'an. The author uses qualitative methods with descriptive analysis, with the main data source being the animated film Upin and Ipin, and supported by secondary sources in the form of journal articles, books, interpretations of the Al-Qur'an and web sources, which support the data to strengthen the arguments in the analysis. The animated film Upin and Ipin is an education on simple living that is in line with the conception of the Qur’an. For the Qur'an, the birth of humans, society, culture, civilization, language, race, tribe and clan as well as the fall of nations are signs that humans must ponder and learn from, so that the Qur'an. A modest life as referred to in the Qur'an includes not being excessive and not being too stingy, therefore, people who distribute their wealth to people in need are good people. Allah SWT through the Qur'an has ordered His servants to live modestly. This is because by living simply, humans can control their lives and not fall into hedonistic lifestyles that tend to lead humans into traps. In this way, the education of modest living contained in the film Upin and Ipin is in line with the conception of the Qur'an. The research implications of the importance of moderation in life create a stable and flexible life.

Science and technology became something that developed very rapidly in the classical period and Islamic civilization. And this proves that epistemology developed at that time. Even though in the past Muslim scholars studied a lot in the field of Islamic civilization, with their epistemology they were able to provide the best in the field of science and technology and develop it to all corners of the world. Technology is a source of information today. It is necessary to know that the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad contain many Hadiths about Science and Technology. What is contained in the hadith is mentioned implicitly in the rules of explanation of creed and faith. That is why, hadith will always coexist with the development of the times and there will be no conflict between the two forever. The "Hadith-Hadith Science" application is research that uses the R&D (Research and Development) method and in its development uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development and Evaluation) method.  Then this application was developed via the Kodular.Io website which can be accessed on Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Google. This application contains 40 selected hadith themes about Science in hadith. By developing the "Scientific Hadiths" application, researchers hope that this application can be useful for users.

The purpose of this analysis is to explore the relationship between the Protestant ethic and the development of modern capitalism, and to analyze the influence of Protestant ethical values ​​on economic and social dynamics. In addition, this analysis aims to identify shortcomings in existing studies, including theoretical focus and broader social impacts, in order to produce a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the Protestant ethic, capitalism, and the social context. The method used is a literature review, which involves analyzing literature related to social theory, especially Max Weber's thoughts, as well as criticism of his approach. The results of the study indicate that although the Protestant ethic has an important role, other factors such as technological progress, social change, and political structures also contribute to shaping modern capitalism. In addition, the issue of social inequality and injustice that may arise from the application of these ethical values ​​requires more attention in future studies. Thus, this study emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach to understanding the complex interaction between the Protestant ethic, capitalism, and the broader social context.

This study aims to examine the impact of self-efficacy on the success of web-based learning in the digital era. Self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's belief in their ability to overcome challenges, is believed to play a crucial role in achieving learning outcomes. In the rapidly evolving digital era, web-based learning has become an effective method for delivering materials flexibly and interactively. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving students from various universities. The results show that self-efficacy has a significant impact on the success of web-based learning. Students with higher self-efficacy tend to be more successful in completing tasks and understanding the learning material delivered through online platforms. This study recommends the importance of developing students' self-efficacy to enhance the effectiveness of web-based learning, especially in the context of education in the digital era.

Islamic education reached its peak during the Abbasid Dynasty, precisely from the eighth to the thirteenth centuries AD. This period is often referred to as the "Islamic Golden Age", during which Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasids, became the center of world knowledge and culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the glory of Islamic education before the collapse of Baghdad, the factors that caused the collapse of Baghdad, and analyze the impact and efforts to revive Islamic education. The benefits of this article are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the collapse of the center of Islamic civilization and the decline of education, as well as provide relevant historical insights to rebuild the glory of Islamic education in modern times. The author uses a qualitative method with the type of library research, the main sources of data in this research are books and websites relevant to Islamic history, as well as scientific journal articles that discuss Islamic history from various perspectives, both published in national and international journals. The data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively with a descriptive approach to identify the main themes and gain a better understanding of the Decline of Islamic Education: An Analysis of the Impact of the Fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD. The fall of Baghdad in 1258 AD became one of the most tragic events in the history of Islamic civilization, especially in the field of education. The destruction of the city resulted in the loss of educational centers, such as Baitul Hikmah, as well as valuable manuscripts and scientific works. The disconnected scientific tradition and intellectual stagnation are a long-term impact felt by the Islamic world. After the fall of Baghdad, many scholars took an important role in efforts to revitalize Islamic education. They moved to new territories, bringing with them the science and scientific traditions of Baghdad.

This study examines the effectiveness of three integration-interconnection models in Islamic Religious Education (PAI): the Tree of Knowledge Model, the Spider Web Model, and the Twin Towers Model. These models are designed to bridge religious knowledge and general sciences, enriching a holistic approach in Islamic education. The Tree of Knowledge Model positions religious values as the ethical foundation for all disciplines, integrating faith as the basis for understanding general knowledge. The Spider Web Model envisions education as an interconnected, interdisciplinary network, enhancing students' ability to perceive connections across various fields. The Twin Towers Model balances the roles of religious and general sciences, promoting moderation and openness among students. The study findings suggest that these models help reduce the dichotomy between religious and secular sciences and assist students in developing a comprehensive and relevant understanding of both disciplines. The study recommends adopting these models into the PAI curriculum, providing comprehensive teacher training, and developing integrated learning modules to prepare Islamic education students to face contemporary social and scientific challenges with critical thinking and a strong ethical foundation.

Interactive teaching materials are learning materials that are presented in an interactive form between students and technological systems such as software, applications or websites. Interactive teaching materials are different from conventional teaching materials which are only printed materials or audio-visual materials because they have the ability to interact with students and can be accessed online or offline. The aim of creating interactive educational materials is to improve the quality of the teaching and learning process to be more effective and efficient. Interactive educational materials can help educators manage learning, increase student engagement, and improve learning outcomes. Apart from that, interactive educational materials can also help students increase learning motivation, increase access to information, and improve their ability to communicate with educators. The benefits of using interactive teaching materials for educators are improved classroom management, increased student engagement, and improved learning outcomes. For students, interactive educational materials can improve critical thinking skills and increase the ability to adapt to technological changes. The use of interactive educational materials can also improve communication with educators and increase access to broader and specific information. Interactive teaching materials have great potential in improving the quality of the teaching and learning process and increasing students' abilities in many aspects. Therefore, interactive teaching materials must be an integral part of an effective and efficient learning strategy.

The Merdeka Curriculum as an alternative curriculum overcomes learning setbacks which gives "Independent Learning" freedom to learning implementers, namely teachers and principals in compiling, implementing the learning process, and developing curriculum in schools paying attention to the needs and potentials of students. This research was conducted to provide an overview of the Merdeka Curriculum as a form of independent learning in elementary schools regarding the profile of Pancasila students, the structure of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools, and the teaching tools used. The research was conducted using the Library Research method (literature study) and visited a website that presents information related to the Independent Learning Curriculum in elementary schools. In preparation for the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers need to learn more about the Merdeka Curriculum and consider projects according to student phases in order to achieve meaningful, profound, and fun learning outcomes as well as students.