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This study examines Egypt's security dilemma in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in response to the escalation of Houthi attacks on global maritime trade routes. Since late 2023, Houthi attacks on commercial ships in the Red Sea have disrupted major sea trade lanes, posing a direct strategic threat to Egypt, which relies heavily on Suez Canal revenues as a primary source of national income. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, using secondary data from academic journals, international policy reports, and credible news sources. The analysis is grounded in Security Dilemma theory and the concept of Maritime Security within the framework of International Relations. Findings show that Egypt faces a complex strategic dilemma: on one hand, it must safeguard its economic interests through stable Suez Canal operations; on the other, direct military intervention against the Houthis risks political backlash from Arab public opinion and entanglement in Yemen's civil war. Egypt's response has therefore been calibrated, prioritizing diplomatic channels and multilateral coalition participation over unilateral military action. This research contributes a novelty by specifically mapping Egypt's strategic constraints in the Red Sea as a middle power caught between great power competition and regional non-state actor threats.

The internet has penetrated various aspects of human life, changing the way individuals interact with one another. Everything from reading the news and searching for information to working and studying, to fundraising, can now be done online. Fundraising, often referred to as donations, can now be done through social media. People can contribute their funds online, a process known as crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is an internet-based funding method that allows certain initiatives to be funded through contributions from many people online, without any specific time limits. This fundraising generally focuses on social, educational, or humanitarian initiatives. In Indonesia, fundraising is often carried out by non-profit organizations or individuals. The success of a fundraising campaign is influenced by several factors, such as clarity of campaign objectives and a compelling narrative to attract donors. However, fundraising is still vulnerable to abuse by irresponsible parties. Therefore, regulations in Indonesia need to be strengthened to prevent abuse and increase accountability. Rules related to fundraising are regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 9 of 1961 concerning the Collection of Money or Goods. Thus, optimizing fundraising requires a combination of effective communication strategies, transparent management, and clear regulations. The results of this study are expected to serve as a guide for organizations and individuals seeking effective fundraising, as well as provide input for policymakers regarding fundraising regulations in Indonesia.

This study investigates allegations of fabricated Accountability Letters (SPJ) and budget irregularities at the Tanjungpinang City Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, and Community Empowerment Agency (DP3APM), just as the regional budget deficit reached Rp97 billion. Internal reports and local media coverage reveal strong indications that funds allocated for outbound activities were diverted to purchase clothing and shoes, which were then used for the Proclamation Walk even though the outbound activities themselves never materialized, raising suspicions of fictitious SPJs and a lack of transparency in the management of public funds. Qualitative descriptive methods were applied through in-depth analysis of news documents, official statements, and regional financial management regulations such as Law No. 23/2014 concerning Regional Government. The analysis highlights violations of fiscal accountability principles under the pressure of the local budget crisis, recommending a comprehensive independent audit by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) or regional inspectorates, along with oversight reforms involving the digitization of financial reports to prevent a repeat in other regional governments across Indonesia.

The rapid development of technology encourages the change in crime patterns from conventional to digital through the use of electronic devices. This phenomenon makes many individuals and groups use technology not only for positive purposes, but also to gain financial gain illegally. Instagram as one of the most popular social media applications has also become a space for digital crime practices, especially through the creation of fake accounts. Fake accounts are used for various harmful acts such as online fraud, the spread of fake news, the use of identities or photos without permission, acts of bullying and negative comments that trigger conflicts, to the spread of pornographic content. This research aims to identify the forms of fake account practices on Instagram, analyze the causative factors, and evaluate the application of applicable laws, especially Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. The research method used is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. The data was collected through interviews with investigators from the Directorate of Criminal Investigation of the Metro Jaya Police, academics, and civil society organizations (CSO). The results of the study show that the practice of fake accounts still often occurs due to low digital literacy, weak supervision from platforms, and not optimal law enforcement. Although Article 35 jo Article 51 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law has regulated the prohibition of data and identity manipulation, its implementation still faces a number of obstacles from aspects of legal substance, enforcement structure, and community legal culture. This study recommends the need for collaboration between the government and social media platforms in limiting the creation of fake accounts, improving people's digital literacy, and reformulating legal rules that are clearer and more adaptive to the dynamics of digital crime. These efforts are needed so that the protection of social media users is optimal and able to create a safe digital space.

This study examines the phenomenon of hoax news dissemination through the social media platform TikTok and its impact on Generation Z in Tanjung Pinang. The background of this research is based on the increasing intensity of TikTok usage among young people, making the platform not only a source of entertainment but also an alternative channel of information. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, using in-depth interviews with ten respondents selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that although most members of Generation Z are aware of hoaxes, their ability to verify information remains limited, making them easily influenced by provocative viral content. The most common hoaxes encountered are related to political, health, and social issues, which may lead to public unrest and shape public perception. This study highlights the importance of digital literacy as the main defense against the flood of information in the new media era, as well as the need for collaboration among government, educational institutions, and society to strengthen critical awareness in the use of social media.

News objectivity serves as a crucial foundation for maintaining media integrity amid the digital information flow. This study aims to analyze the objectivity of news coverage by Kompas.com in the “Most Popular Index” section concerning the “First 100 Days of Prabowo-Gibran.” The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach and content analysis based on Westerstahl’s objectivity model, which includes the dimensions of factuality and impartiality. The findings indicate that the news coverage demonstrates a high level of factual accuracy and relevance, with information that is accurate, comprehensive, and sourced from credible references. The neutrality of news presentation is also maintained, free from evaluative or sensational elements. However, the aspect of balance still requires improvement, as most articles present only a single point of view. Kompas.com’s reporting on this topic can be considered objective in terms of factuality and neutrality, though the inclusion of diverse perspectives remains an important note for strengthening overall objectivity.

The 2024 data breach incident at Indonesia's National Data Center (PDN) marked a major crisis in the governance of national cybersecurity. This study examines the causes, threats, proposed solutions, and the roles of both the government and the public in responding to such breaches. The research employs a literature review and media framing analysis, focusing on news coverage and government policy responses. Findings indicate that systemic vulnerabilities, inadequate infrastructure readiness, and human factors are the primary causes of the breach. The resulting threats include economic and social losses, a decline in public trust, and the risk of data misuse. Proposed solutions involve strengthening regulations, enhancing technical capacity, and increasing public awareness through education. The active participation of civil society and swift government response are critical to restoring trust and preventing similar incidents in the future.

The development of technology and freedom of the press in the digital era has brought great changes in the form and manner of news delivery by the mass media. However, in reality, the media often becomes a means of spreading hate speech that has a negative impact on society and the democratic order. This article aims to examine how media coverage can contribute to the dissemination of hate speech and its impact on the application of Law No. 40/1999 on the Press. Through a qualitative research method approach with a descriptive and inductive approach, this article evaluates the media's responsibility to deliver information objectively and identifies elements in the news that can accelerate the spread of hate speech, such as provocative elements, lack of verification, and excessive news presentation. In this context, the active role of supervisory institutions such as the Press Council is needed so that press freedom continues to run in line with journalistic ethics and applicable laws, in order to maintain social cohesion and uphold democratic values in Indonesia.

Freedom of the press is a fundamental part of a democratic system, including in Indonesia. However, in a society that is predominantly Muslim, there are challenges in balancing freedom of the press with Islamic values. One form of Islamic influence on the world of journalism in Indonesia is the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) on Islamic journalism. This study aims to analyze how the fatwa regulates journalistic practices, the extent of its influence on press freedom, and the challenges that arise in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a document analysis method, including a study of the MUI fatwa, press regulations in Indonesia, and related literature. The results of the study show that the MUI fatwa emphasizes the principles of honesty, moral responsibility, and compliance with Islamic teachings in journalistic practice. This fatwa encourages Muslim journalists to present news that is not only accurate but also in accordance with religious norms. Although it does not have binding legal force, this fatwa still has a major influence, especially for Islamic-based media and Muslim journalists. However, this study also found the potential for conflict between the principle of press freedom which prioritizes independence and the principle of Islamic journalism which demands limitations according to religious norms. Therefore, dialogue is needed between stakeholders, such as the MUI, the press, and the government, in order to find a balance between press freedom and Islamic values ​​in journalistic practices in Indonesia.

Gibran Rakabuming Raka's declaration speech as Vice President 2024 should be communicatively easy to understand by the general public, the meaning conveyed must be of quality, but at the time of the declaration as Vice President 2024 Gibran Rakabuming Raka in his speech contained multiple interpretations or difficult to understand by the public. The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of Denotation. Connotations and Myths. Gibran Rakabuming Raka's speech in his declaration as Vice President 2024 on Breaking News Kompas TV. Theories used are Mass Communication, Television, Breaking News, Broadcasting, Semiotics and Semiotics Roland Barthes. The research approach is qualitatively descriptive, with data collection using primary data, secondary data, analysis, interviews and documentation. This study uses Roland Barthes's Semiotic Analysis method, covering 3 meanings namely Denotation. Connotations and Myths. The results obtained in this study Gibran's speech in his declaration as President 2024 on the Breaking News program Kompas TV have three meanings: Denotation: Winning and continuing the old program. Connotations: Gibran is a staunch supporter of Prabowo and a leader with a vision of sustainability. Myth: Solidarity with Prabowo, continuity of leadership and hope of the younger generation.

This study examines the impact of the 12% VAT increase on state revenue and societal welfare in Indonesia. The research aims to analyze how the policy affects economic indicators such as inflation, purchasing power, and fiscal stability. A qualitative method with a systematic literature review approach was employed, utilizing data from scholarly articles, online news, and related journals. Findings indicate that the VAT increase contributes to a 0.8–1% rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and significantly affects secondary and tertiary goods, while essential goods remain exempt. The policy is expected to enhance state revenue, enabling greater fiscal space for social and infrastructure programs. However, it also raises concerns about reduced purchasing power, particularly among low-income groups. The study suggests implementing compensatory mechanisms and targeted subsidies to mitigate adverse effects. This research underscores the importance of balancing fiscal goals with social equity.

Restorative Justice is an alternative dispute resolution outside of criminal penalties, in other words, it is resolved through familial means and also aims to repair the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Recently, the application of restorative justice has been found in the field, which has become the main basis for resolving criminal cases of rape committed by police officers by filing an appeal in the appellate court, so that the police officer who is the perpetrator of the rape, named Bripda Fauzan (FA), who was previously subjected to the sanction of dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) in the Police Ethics Code Commission session, was not dismissed on the grounds that the rape case was considered resolved after the perpetrator married the victim. However, some time after the appeal decision, the perpetrator was reported again for allegedly neglecting his wife, who is the victim of the rape he married, which will be further examined in this research regarding the cause of Bripda Fauzan (FA) leaving his wife. This study aims to provide a real view of the application of restorative justice as the main basis for resolving rape cases, the method used in this journal is a normative juridical research method with literature studies and looking at empirical facts in the field through news circulating on the Internet media regarding rape cases by police members who are considered to have been completed after marrying the victim. The settlement of rape cases carried out by police members with restorative justice has tarnished the credibility of police institutions that do not seem to understand the fatality of sexual violence cases with the application of restorative justice in cases that have a major impact.

In writing this journal, I as the writer want to describe and present topics regarding issues that are often hot and often become conflicts in our country, the Republic of Indonesia, regarding the border area at the tip of the northern region of Indonesia or what is widely known to the general public is called "Indonesia's outermost islands" or what many of us know as Natuna Island, which is directly adjacent to neighboring countries and directly borders the South China Sea, this is also what often triggers conflicts over state regulations over maritime territories. As an example, we most often know about the number of fishermen from neighboring countries such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Myanmar who smuggle into the seas of the Republic of Indonesia illegally and without official permission and then take the wealth and marine products that Indonesia itself owns. This also causes things such as smuggling of goods and prohibited items to pass through urgent areas such as Natuna Island. The purpose of writing this journal is to describe the steps and efforts taken by the Indonesian state to defend and protect its territorial sovereignty and rights as they should. Based on several articles and news circulating in the Indonesian mass media regarding conflicts and problems that often occur and the most hot news is regarding Indonesia's sea which is considered strategic and has several times wanted to be claimed by neighboring countries.

Corruption has been a well-known problem in Indonesia for a long time. News of corruption cases often becomes a hot topic, especially in this digital age where information spreads rapidly. Unfortunately, statistics show that public reaction to corruption cases in 2024 was more permissive than in the previous year. This is undoubtedly a hindrance in realizing the vision of Indonesia Gold 2045. Therefore, as one of the efforts, a socialization on law enforcement and anti-corruption was conducted at SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta on October 15, 2024, aiming to create a young generation that is law-abiding and anti-corruption. In this activity, students were invited to understand corruption in depth, including the legal basis, the impact of corruption, and how to prevent the seeds of corruption from an early age. Using an interactive and engaging approach, as well as examples of familiar corruption cases, students not only learned about the law, but also developed an awareness of the importance of maintaining integrity in their daily lives.

Mass media serves as a vital communication medium that delivers crucial information to the public. In the digital era, technological advancements have facilitated easier access to news for audiences. This study aims to analyze the framing of the 2024 National Teacher’s Day coverage on the online media platforms sokoguru.id and mediaindonesia.com. Using a qualitative approach guided by Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki’s framing analysis model, this research uncovers how each outlet portrays the theme “Great Teachers, Strong Indonesia.” The findings reveal differing approaches: sokoguru.id focuses on tangible issues like teacher welfare and technological training, while mediaindonesia.com emphasizes symbolic tributes to teachers through celebratory narratives. Both platforms employed the inverted pyramid style in organizing their news and adhered to the 5W+1H elements. However, differences emerged in their thematic and rhetorical structures. This study highlights how media framing influences public perception of educational issues and underscores the importance of teacher welfare in building a high-quality education system.

This study aims to find out and analyze legal protection for patients in health services in Sabu Raijua Regency. This research is an empirical  research supported by  an empirical legal approach using primary data in the form of interviews with related parties and secondary data in the form of literature books, research journals, laws and regulations, the internet, dictionaries of articles or newspapers. which was obtained using interview methods and document studies and processed and analyzed in several stages, namely editing, data systematization, verification and interpretation and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) Legal protection for patients in health services in Sabu Raijua Regency is contained in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Law Number 73 of 1958 concerning Criminal Law Regulations for All Regions of the Republic of Indonesia and Amending the Criminal Code (KUHP), Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP),  Burgelijk wetboek voor innesie (Civil Code). (2) Implementation of Legal Protection for Patients in Health Services in Sabu Raijua Regency Although it has been protected, in reality there are still shortcomings, namely it has not been implemented.

This study aims to find out and analyze  a victimological review of the victim's role related to the threat and spread of video call sex in dating relationships. This research is a research supported by an approach using primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of books, legislation, the internet, dictionaries, articles or newspapers obtained using the interview method and document studies, the data that has been collected is processed and analyzed using coding, processing and cleaning techniques and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner in describing the results of the research. The results of the study show that (1) The occurrence of VCS in dating relationships does not only occur due to the will of the perpetrator, but there is also a role of the victim in it (2) Legal protection efforts are given to VCS victims, namely legal aid, health assistance and the provision of rehabilitation.

The success of government publications to the public cannot be separated from the role of public relations (public relations). Public relations or better known as PR (Public Relations) has a very large role and is very much needed by leaders. "Publication is very important, because then the public will know what the leaders or regional heads are doing. If there is no publication, it is as if the regional head is not working even though he has worked hard. This study aims to find out the role and function of Public Relations in Publication at the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Office. This study uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach, the data collection technique is through observation, interviews and documentation. while the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that one of the roles of public relations at the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Office is to make publications about the activities of the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Office which have an impact on how to create a good image for OPD (Regional Apparatus Organizations). these publication activities are published through social media, print media or electronic media. The social media used include Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, but it is still in personal content, not on the official website of the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service. Later, after being thrown to the public, it will be entered into the official website of the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service. The function of public relations in the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service is how to provide information to the public or community, in other words, how to invite other Regional Apparatus Organizations to popularize news about the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service, especially the South Sulawesi Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service.

The Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, Drug Rehabilitation is a repressive action carried out for Addicts and Victims of Narcotics Abuse. This rehabilitation is the restoration to the previous (original) position and the improvement of individuals, hospital patients or disaster victims so that they become useful human beings and can live in society. Rehabilitation actions are aimed at victims of drug abuse to restore or develop the physical, mental, and social abilities of the sufferer concerned. In addition to recovery, rehabilitation is also a treatment or treatment for drug addicts, so that they can recover from their addiction to narcotics. This research is focused on two problem formulations, namely how the legal status of rehab for addicts according to Law Number 35 of 2009. What are the steps of the Government's intervention in efforts to protect Drug Addicts. This research is normative research, which is descriptive analytical and sources of legal materials through primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Legal data collection techniques through document studies (literature studies), such as books, papers, articles, journals, newspapers or works from experts. From the results of this study, the provision of rehabilitation is one of the main objectives in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Where Narcotics Addicts can be classified into 2 types, namely people who use Narcotics in a state of physical or psychological dependence and people who abuse Narcotics in a state of physical and psychological dependence.

The purpose of this study is to find out efforts to provide legal protection to consumers who experience losses due to business actors, namely elements that are irresponsible, act recklessly and arbitrarily so that it causes harm to consumers, clearly violates and is not in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. apply and regulations. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) which regulates how consumer rights must be fulfilled and the obligations of corporate actors must be carried out in accordance with what has been regulated in it, applies in Indonesia and regulates customers. The perfect example of an online retailer or marketplace that operates honestly, straightforwardly and correctly is PT Grab Toko Indonesia (Grabtoko). As a business actor who has the responsibility to enforce his agreement with customers, Grabtoko does not carry out this commitment properly. It has been determined that Grabtoko is deceiving people who fall for the fake news ads it offers in its advertisements. The fraudulent activities carried out by Grabtoko have fulfilled the fraud requirements stipulated in the UUPK, including default, use of internet-based electronic media in transactions, loss of one party, and incompatibility of trading goods with representatives of the parties.