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This study concentrates on the design and construction of a laboratory-scale centrifuge for the separation of gum from crude palm oil (CPO). The extraction of gum from CPO is essential in the palm oil sector to guarantee that the finished product adheres to quality standards and is safe for consumption. We engineered the prototype centrifuge to accommodate six 600-mL bottles and achieve a maximum rotational speed of 1400 rpm. The design procedure utilised Autodesk Inventor software for CAD modelling and computations to ascertain the centrifugal force, power capacity, and shaft diameter. The process of manufacturing entailed cutting and shaping stainless steel into the necessary components, subsequently followed by drilling and milling operations for mounting points and interfaces. We implemented surface treatment to augment corrosion resistance and elevate visual appeal. The assembling procedure encompassed component integration, motor incorporation, and control system configuration. The experimental configuration involved centrifugal testing utilising 600-mL glass bottles with time intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes at an average rotational speed of 924 rpm. The experiment showed that the centrifuge worked well to separate the gum and other contaminants from the CPO. The best separation happened after 40 minutes of centrifugation.

Electrical energy is a vital element in daily life, supporting nearly all equipment used. One of the main components in the electrical distribution system is the 20 kV cubicle. This cubicle plays an essential role in controlling power flow, protecting the system from faults, measuring electrical parameters, and enabling remote monitoring and control. Additionally, the cubicle functions to maintain the stability, reliability, and efficiency of power flow to load centers. However, various technical issues, such as short-circuit faults, protection system failures, and corona phenomena caused by high humidity, often threaten its performance. This study aims to evaluate and optimize the design and operation of 20 kV cubicles in electrical distribution systems. The research focuses on analyzing technical factors that affect energy efficiency and system reliability, as well as identifying challenges in implementation, such as installation and maintenance issues. The research methods include literature reviews, interviews, and field observations. The results indicate that modular designs, high-quality insulating materials, and modern technologies such as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) enhance system efficiency and reliability. It is recommended that cubicle designs be adapted to the load capacity and routine maintenance be performed to maintain efficiency and extend equipment lifespan.

Islam considers that health is part of Allah's greatest favor. Medically, fasting can cleanse toxins and substances that accumulate in the digestive tract, kidneys, and other organs of the body due to preservatives, dyes, artificial sweeteners, cancer-causing carcinogenic substances, cigarette smoke and others that accumulate over the years. Although our body's mechanisms have the ability to treat themselves, the body's capacity also has its limits. By fasting, the protection of the body's organs can be perfect. The purpose of this research is to inform Muslims that fasting is mandatory for us to carry it out. In the Qur'an, surah al-Baqarah 2:183. Allah SWT said, "O you who believe, it is obligatory to fast on you, it is obligatory to those before you, so that you may fear Allah". Fasting is one of the pillars of Islam that must be done by every Muslim who is mukalaf (who has reached puberty and has intellect) and who is not in hindrance (uzur). The type of research used is from various literature and the development of various references. The method used is analysis. The data of this study was obtained by collecting data related to the journal theme, then grouping, sorting, and deleting unnecessary data. Next is to present and conclude from various data collections. The results of this study are described systematically and concretely according to the order of focus that has been previously explained. The first step is to explain what fasting is. The second step is to quote all the sentences that describe the relationship between fasting and health according to leading experts.

Muhammadiyah's role in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia, which has made a significant contribution to community economic empowerment. Muhammadiyah, as a socio-religious organization, not only operates in the fields of education and health, but also actively encourages the development of small and medium enterprises (UKM) through various entrepreneurial initiatives. The aim of this research is to reveal the role of Muhammadiyah in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to analyze Muhammadiyah's efforts to create entrepreneurs who are independent, ethical and based on Islamic values. The research results show that Muhammadiyah plays a major role in increasing the capacity of young entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship education and training, with the support of institutions such as the Muhammadiyah Business Center. Muhammadiyah has also succeeded in collaborating with the government and the private sector to provide access to capital and training for business actors. With great potential in building a sustainable and ethics-based entrepreneurial ecosystem, Muhammadiyah is expected to continue to be an important actor in developing entrepreneurship in Indonesia.

This study discusses the application of universal jurisdiction in addressing piracy jure gentium based on international law. Universal jurisdiction allows a country to prosecute perpetrators of serious crimes, such as piracy, regardless of the crime's location or the nationality of the perpetrator and victim. Rooted in customary international law, which recognizes piracy as a threat to the collective interests of all nations, every country has the right and obligation to act against pirates. This research employs a normative legal approach, focusing on analyzing relevant international legal regulations. The findings indicate that the international legal framework, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), provides guidance for enforcing laws against piracy. However, while the principle of universal jurisdiction offers a solution, challenges such as a lack of international consensus on the definition of piracy, resource limitations in developing countries, and the need for stronger international cooperation hinder its implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of inter-state cooperation, including support from developed countries to developing nations, to enhance law enforcement capacity. Moreover, the application of universal jurisdiction contributes to international justice, where consistent law enforcement reflects the international community's commitment to protecting maritime safety and global trade. Thus, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application of universal jurisdiction in the context of piracy in international waters and its implications for the overall international legal system.

This study aims to identify, describe, analyze, know and understand the impact and fulfillment of the rights of prisoners against overcapacity in Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary based on the Penology perspective. By using a social legal research approach and a normative legal approach. The data source collection technique uses primary legal data, secondary legal data and tertiary legal data related to the problems studied. The results of the study indicate that first, the impact of overcapacity of Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary on the rights of prisoners reviewed from the Penology concept is the increasing risk of violations containing criminal elements, causing new suffering, sanitation and unhealthy lifestyles. Second, the ideal effort to fulfill the rights of prisoners against overcapacity in Class II A Samarinda Penitentiary is to take preventive measures, namely by approaching inmates in the dormitory and repressive measures, namely imposing disciplinary penalties according to the type of violation committed.

The problems in this study are regarding the carrying capacity of human resources at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency, the management of Regional Assets at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency, the factors that hinder the carrying capacity of human resources in implementing Permendagri No. 17 of 2007 at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency and the efforts made to improve the carrying capacity of human resources in implementing Permendagri No. 17 of 2007 at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the carrying capacity of human resources at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency, to determine the management of Regional Assets at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency, to determine what factors hinder the carrying capacity of human resources in implementing Permendagri No. 17 of 2007 at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency and to determine what efforts are made to improve the carrying capacity of human resources in implementing Permendagri No. 17 of 2007 at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method because it is a study that can be used to reveal problems in the work life of government organizations so that it can be used as a policy to be implemented in order to achieve the goals that have been set. The results of the study obtained are mainly the limitations of human resource support, both quantity and quality, which causes the management of Regional Property at the Regional Secretariat of Pangandaran Regency to be less than optimal and at the same time becomes an inhibiting factor in implementing Permendagri No. 17 of 2007 so that efforts are needed as a solution for future improvements.

Public Green Open Space (RTH) is an essential element in urban spatial planning to support environmental sustainability. Through the process of photosynthesis, RTH helps absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) produced by human activities, such as transportation and industry, thus contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to explore the role of RTH in absorbing CO₂ and the challenges faced in its management. The study was conducted using a systematic approach through literature analysis and case studies in several cities in Indonesia and around the world. The research results indicate that vegetation type, area size, and environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the carbon absorption capacity of RTH. Large trees have a significantly higher capacity to absorb CO₂ compared to shrubs and grass, with the ability to absorb up to 250.63 tons of CO₂ per year per tree. However, challenges such as limited RTH area, urbanization pressure, and lack of public awareness remain obstacles to optimal RTH management. The recommendations of this study include increasing the area and quality of RTH through data-based strategies, community participation in management, and the development of policies that support sustainability. With proper management, RTH can function as a climate change mitigation tool while improving the quality of life for urban communities.  

Public service delivery in taxation is a vital function of government in fulfilling citizens' administrative rights, particularly through the issuance of the Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP). The quality of this service directly influences taxpayer satisfaction, understanding, and trust in tax institutions. This study aims to analyze the quality of public service in NPWP issuance at the Primary Tax Office (KPP Pratama) of Dumai City and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors affecting service implementation. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews with tax officers and taxpayers, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The assessment of service quality was based on the SERVQUAL framework developed by Zeithaml and Parasuraman, encompassing five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The results show that NPWP issuance services at KPP Pratama Dumai City are generally well implemented. Adequate facilities, adherence to standard operating procedures, responsive officers, data security assurance, and courteous service attitudes support service quality. However, challenges remain, particularly related to limited waiting room capacity during peak periods, varying levels of taxpayer understanding, and the need for clearer procedural information. Continuous improvement in communication, service management, and capacity planning is required to enhance public service quality.

This research was motivated by several laundries that use pressure cooker steam iron boilers for the ironing process. However, there are still users who find it difficult to estimate water level. If the water in the pressure cooker dries up or runs out whitout knowing it, then this can be dangerous and have a bad impact both on the user and in terms of the quality of the pot. So the aim of this research is to modify the pressure cooker steam iron boiler by adding a water level indicator whose function is to determine the water capacity during the ironing process, so that it is hoped that it can minimize work accidents. The method use is descriptive quantitative. From the design process, the tool was then tested to determine the starting time for using the iron using pressure variations of 15 psi, 20 psi, and 22 psi. From the research results, it was found that the design process was carried out through several stages, including the measurement process, drilling process, and assembly process. The test results started that the optimal pressure was 20 psi, because at this pressure the steam produced was optimal with a heating time of a 58 minutes.

Smoke hazards can result in poisoning of harmful gases produced by the welding process. So it is expected that in order to maintain air cleanliness in the welding workshop by installing an exhaust gas channel from welding, the purpose of this research is to analyse the flow of exhaust gas through simulation of fluid flow velocity (welding smoke) in the design of exhaust gas installation in the welding workshop using CFD or Computational Fluid Dynamics method. CFD simulation can predict in detail the movement of wind (moving fluid) in the welding fume exhaust duct. CFD simulation is carried out through three stages, namely pre-processing, solving, and post-processing. This CFD uses the Solidworks (Flow Simulation) application programme. It was found that the installation of a welding fume exhaust duct with an output capacity of 39 m³ per minute showed a significant increase in airflow velocity. The first simulation results at the exhaust fan (welding booth) showed a maximum velocity value of 13.14 m/s and an average velocity of 10.55 m/s, the Reynold's number was 84567.11. In the second simulation, with the axial fan (Fan stationary) at 2600 RPM and pipe diameter 127 mm, better results were obtained, namely minimum velocity of 12.88 m/s, average velocity 13.94 m/s, maximum velocity 14.53 m/s and Reynold's number 111512.74. So the simulation results show an improvement in the performance of the ventilation system, where the airflow velocity is quite good, which ensures the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors influencing the marketing strategy of Tagify, a business engaged in the design of lanyards and ID cards. Using a descriptive qualitative analysis method, the study collects secondary data from literature reviews related to marketing strategies and SWOT analysis. The findings reveal that Tagify's strengths lie in creative design, fast production capability, and flexibility in meeting customer demands. However, the main challenges are limited production capacity and suboptimal use of social media for marketing. Significant opportunities exist in the growing demand for custom products in corporate sectors and large events, while the primary threat comes from intense price competition. The implications of this research show that SWOT analysis is crucial in formulating effective marketing strategies to address challenges, seize available opportunities, and strengthen Tagify's competitive position in the market.

The objective of this study were to discover out:1) To discover out whether or not the Viability of Seriously every day discussion toward Understudy Talking Aptitudes at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. 2) To know whether students' were inquisitive about utilizing Seriously Every day Discussion to progress the talking ability at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. This inquire about utilized quantitavive strategy with utilized clusster testing. The populace of this inquire about is the moment semester; precisely the moment semester of FKIP Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang. The full number of populace is 114 students. The tests in this inquire about is from 2A1 comprise 37 understudies. So the entire test of the investigate is 24 understudies. The information of the investigate were collected by utilizing two sorts of instrument, to be specific talking test and survey. Talking test was utilized to get information of the students' talking capacity and survey was utilized know the understudies intrigued in talking English through Seriously Day by day Discussion. The result of information investigation appeared that three was critical distinction between the students' score after they were instructed by Seriously Day by day Discussion and some time recently they were instructed by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. It was demonstrated by the cruel score of the post-test which was higher than the cruel score of pre-test (69.5>32.29). Besides, the result of the t-test esteem (0.0005) was more prominent than t-table (α = 0.05; df = 11; t-table 1.701) which implies that H1 was acknowledged. At that point, the examination of intrigued by utilizing Likert Scale demonstrated that the understudies were interested to talk English by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. Based on information investigation, the inquire about concluded that: (1) the utilized of Seriously Every day Discussion. Moved forward students' speaking ability; (2) the utilized of Seriously Daily Conversation made the students' curious about speaking English.

Digital management training has become the main need for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the era of digitalization. In Bengkulu, many MSMEs face challenges in adopting technology to improve operational efficiency, expand markets, and increase competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital management training on increasing the management capacity of MSMEs in Bengkulu. This training includes an introduction to digital technology, online marketing strategies, application-based financial management, and customer data management. The results of the training show that the implementation of digital management has a significant positive impact on productivity, business management, and MSME revenue growth. The study also highlights the importance of ongoing support from the government and the private sector in facilitating the adoption of digital technology among MSMEs.

This research aims to analyze the role and participation of the community in the development of Upas Crater tourist destination in Tangkuban Perahu Mountain area, West Java. Methods This research uses qualitative with descriptive approach, data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with community leaders, local community leaders, local tourism businesses, and visitors, as well as documentation studies. The results showed that the surrounding community plays an active role in various aspects of tourism development, including: 1. Provision of facilities and Provision of tourist facilities and services, 2. Preservation of the environment and local culture, 3. Management of tourist area security, and 4. Promotion of tourism through various social media. However, there are still some obstacles such as limited human resource skills, lack of business capital, and lack of coordination between stakeholders. This research recommends the need for capacity building the community through tourism training, strengthening local institutions, and optimizing cooperation between the community, government, and stakeholders. optimization of cooperation between the community, government, and private sector in the development of tourism destinations. development of a sustainable Upas Crater tourist destination.

This article examines the deployment of information network systems, namely the adoption of Indonesia One Search (IOS) in university libraries. The used methodologies include of literature reviews and online observations, designed to comprehensively analyze the implementation of IOS. A system is characterized as a collection of interacting components aimed at achieving certain objectives, while information is the outcome of data processing that serves a purpose for the receiver. This essay emphasizes the significance of cooperation among libraries in establishing efficient information networks. The text elaborates on many collaborative methods, including library acquisition, collection sharing, and inter- library lending. This partnership offers enhanced information access, resource efficiency, personnel specialization, and less material duplication. Indonesia One Search (IOS) is a unified search platform that consolidates collections from libraries, museums, archives, and electronic information sources across Indonesia. IOS, introduced by Ismail Fahmi, Ph.D., and overseen by the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, seeks to provide extensive and accessible information for students and other users. “The iOS development process includes bibliography compilation, text analysis, and anti-plagiarism services. The functionalities provided by iOS, like full-text search and interaction with digital library apps, illustrate its capacity to fulfill information requirements in the digital age. The use of IOS at institutions, including the Indonesian Education University and the Indonesian Islamic University, demonstrates its efficacy in enhancing students' knowledge retrieval skills. This study underscores the need for libraries to adapt to user requirements in the digital age and highlights the possibilities for cooperation across libraries to enhance services via technology.  

Urban farming is a modern form of adaptation that is responsive to food security challenges, especially in areas with limited space such as Banten Province. This study aims to examine the dynamics of food security in the agrarian region of Banten and offer innovative solutions through urban farming practices. The global food crisis, the shrinking of agricultural land due to development and land conversion, and the decreasing public interest in farming are crucial issues that threaten local food security. In Banten, land conversion has resulted in the loss of more than 9,869.61 hectares of productive rice fields, which has a direct impact on local production capacity and increased dependence on external supplies. As a solution, this study advocates urban farming innovations such as hydroponics, vertical farming, and the utilization of idle land and home gardens. This approach not only utilizes limited land efficiently but also aligns with the principles of wise food planning as exemplified in the story of the Prophet Joseph. Qualitative methods with literature studies and content analysis were used to gather in-depth information. To create sustainable food security, this study identified three main strategies: digitalization of agricultural spatial planning using geographic information systems (GIS) to prevent illegal land conversion; Integrating circular agriculture and urban farming to manage organic waste; and engaging the younger generation as drivers of innovation through technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and digital marketing. These efforts are expected to create high-quality and sustainable food security in Banten Province by combining social intelligence, technology, and environmental sustainability.

This research is motivated by the fact that the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate apparatus has not performed well in carrying out supervision in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 61 of 2019. In the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate, this can be seen from the results of the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate performance report, several problems were found. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy for improving the performance of the apparatus in implementing supervision at the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were 4 people, namely the Inspector, Secretary of the Inspectorate, Head of Planning and Programs and representatives of regional inspectors. Data analysis was carried out on data collected from both observation and interview results. The data analysis stage was carried out with qualitative analysis. The results of the study showed that: 1) The performance of the apparatus at the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate was not optimal, this was because the Inspectorate as one of the supervisory institutions responsible to the Regent had not been able to create transparency, objectivity, more effective supervision efficiency, and more accumulative and accountable. Therefore, the Inspectorate is not only faced with the problems of functional tasks but also with coaching tasks. 2) The implementation of supervision in carrying out its activities as a supervisor of the implementation of regional government cannot be separated from the factors that influence the implementation of the supervisory function carried out on the implementation of regional government. These factors are: internal factors, namely the number of supervisory officers is still limited, and external factors, namely the availability of many mandatory tasks that must be carried out and negligence of the object of inspection. 3) The Inspectorate as an internal supervisor is required to make a major contribution to improving the quality of the implementation of Regional Government, but on the other hand, its capacity is not yet sufficient to carry out its main tasks and functions with various problems and limitations.

U-Turn Facilities serve to accommodate vehicles changing the direction of travel. Trikora road Manokwari has a U-Turn that causes traffic flow conflicts. The problem occurs because the vehicle cannot make a U-Turn movement properly, so it takes more time when making a U-Turn movement. The purpose of study was to analyze traffic flow conflicts, road geometrics, and level of service. Data collection method by direct observation for 7 days at 07.00 AM to 08.00 AM, 08.00 AM to 09.00 AM, 11.00 AM to 12.00 PM, 12.00 PM to 13.00 PM, 16.00 PM to 17.00 PM and 17.00 PM to 18.00 PM at the research location. Data analysis using MKJI 1997. The results of data analysis obtained a maximum traffic volume of 1308 pcu/hour. Side obstacle class Medium with a weighted frequency 390 with industrial area conditions, several shops on the side of the road. Road capacity of 5562 pcu/hour. Maximum vehicle of 24,70 meters. Disturbed traffic flow speed of 27,32 kilometers/hour. Road shoulder width of 1,5 meters. Level of service value of 0,44 (A).   Keywords: U-Turn, Road Geometrics, Traffic Flow, Capacity