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Code switching and code mixing are various variations of language by a person or certain community groups, for example in schools, offices, housing and traditional markets. Traditional markets themselves can be said to be centers of interaction and transactions that allow speakers and speech partners to come from various regions with different backgrounds, statuses and mastery of languages. Differences in social backgrounds in speech communities in traditional market environments result in greater opportunities for the emergence of code-switching and code-mixing phenomena, and are interesting to study in more depth in terms of form, type and factors that influence the emergence of these phenomena.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to examine data by explaining or describing the data contained in the remarks. The phenomenon of code mixing is the use of two or more languages ​​in a speech. Code mixing can occur if a language speaker, when using Indonesian, then inserts regional language elements into Indonesian speech. In other words, someone who speaks using the main Indonesian language code has an autonomous function, while the regional language codes involved in the main code are just fragments without function or autonomy as a code. Meanwhile, the Code Switching Phenomenon is a speech event with a change in language use. or dialect.

This study aims to (1) analyze the intrinsic elements contained in Pramoedya Ananta Toer novel once an event in south Banten, (2) describe the values of struggle contained in Sekali peristiwa di Banten Selatan by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Qualitative method is the used this research. Because this qualitative method examines things related to society, behavior, history, and so on, and this research relates to society. Then the approach used is the sociology of literature approach, and the data source for this research is the novel  Sekali Peristiwa di Banten Selatan by Pramoedya Ananta Tier; then values of struggle, contained in this novel, namely, the first is the value of courage, the second is the value of the spirit of unity, and the third is the value of cooperatuib. These values are all part of struggle, can be implemented in everyday life. Because deep life does not escape from the name of struggle, and most important of all is the spirit of unity, because if there no spirit of unity, there will be none other values.

This research delves into the dynamics of motor vehicle tax compliance through a qualitative approach, exploring taxpayers' perceptions and attitudes. The identified key factors shaping attitudes toward tax obligations include regulatory complexity, clarity of rules, and personal experiences. Elements such as fairness perception, trust in the taxation system, and supervisory effectiveness also play crucial roles in forming compliance attitudes. These factors, integrated with psychological aspects, provide an in-depth understanding of taxpayer compliance behavior. While acknowledging challenges like regulatory complexity and economic inequality, the study highlights opportunities, including the application of information technology, fiscal incentive development, and cross-sector collaboration, as strategies to enhance compliance. In conclusion, a holistic and adaptive tax policy strategy, considering both local and global contexts, can foster a transparent, fair, and supportive tax environment for sustainable development.

Threats and attacks that can result in leaks of personal or sensitive data or reduced business performance have a significant impact on the security of networks and information systems. Insider attacks, eavesdropping, misconfiguration, missing functionality, confusion, man-in- attacks, virus attacks, denial of service attacks are some of the dangers that threaten your network security or threaten the security of your network. Attacks are possible. Influencing information systems. Companies risk losing information appropriate security measures, such as network and information system security. You can implement the right security solutions to predict and prevent various security risks and attacks. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability are three characteristics of security, and to determine which security technology best suits your organization's needs, you must first compare the various threats and attacks with the security technologies in use. Recommended security technologies intrusion detection systems (IDS), antivirus programs, and encryption systems. This is because this technology relies on predicting and protecting networks and information systems in many security elements.

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of management style on work motivation and the influence of leadership on organizational behavior. The research method used is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The results of this research show that every manager can determine the direction of an organization. Its limitations are the reason for the formation of organizational or work motivation, the influence of differences in management styles used in management. One of the impacts of this leadership style is that it can influence someone. This effect applies to any workplace or organization. This is because someone usually needs a leadership style in managing a job or an organization. Of course, intermediaries are very important for the functioning of an organization or work, because if an organization or work runs without good management elements from its members and leaders, it will be difficult to resolve all problems that arise in the organization or work quickly and effectively which leads to achieving the goals of the organization's existence, and work satisfaction and motivation to achieve these goals is very low. A leader must have a leadership style, especially social skills and abilities to become a good and responsible leader, and the leader must be truly able to fulfill his responsibilities, exercise control and self-control so that organizational goals are achieved with motivation. manners. a leader's leadership style..

One of the important skills for learning Arabic is the ability to write, or mahar al-kitabah. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theories that support the scientific learning of Arabic writing skills. Methodologically, this paper is descriptive qualitative by investigating various relevant sources. The results of the study show that mastery of linguistic elements such as vocabulary, grammar, and writing rules is necessary to master writing skills. Students must also go through various steps, such as modeling, getting guidance, and independent writing, to achieve the learning objectives. By understanding this idea, it is hoped that the learning and teaching of maharah al-kitabah can be improved in educational institutions.

Genetic algorithms are computer techniques inspired by the theory of evolution and genetics. Individual definition, chromosome initialization, chromosome testing, selection (crossover) and mutation are fundamental elements of genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are used to solve optimization problems, such as lesson planning, community services and traffic light adjustment. By producing the best combination of chromosomes, the genetic algorithm can achieve ideal results. The genetic algorithm produces appropriate planning data to avoid delays. This research uses the methods of data collection, individual definition and chromosome initialization. The result of this research is a service application designed to be able to plan efficiently through development using a genetic algorithm. Optimal planning occurs when processing planning data produces solutions that are efficient in terms of time, energy, and resources, and avoids conflicting schedules in the same place..

Conclusions from initial observations, it appears that foster children show a number of personality traits that are not in line with the expected cooperative attitude and religious values. From the perspective of religious values and mutual cooperation, this research aims to explain character education initiatives as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. In the research design, qualitative descriptive methods will be used. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Displaying data and making conclusions from data analysis through reduction. Based on the research results, the task of the Aishiya Putri Orphanage is to teach religious principles, character education, and cooperative behavior to its foster children through the use of policies, procedures, guidelines, and punishments that can help foster cooperative behavior and religious character. The analysis and conclusions of this research center on the contribution made by cooperative orphanages to the development of the younger generation as a whole by offering character education as well as faith-based correctional and rehabilitation services. However, both motivational and disincentive elements have an impact on character education initiatives.

In this study, the complexity of motivational factors is closely related to the context of organizational culture, team dynamics, and perceptions of rewards and recognition of individual contributions. Participation in decision-making, opportunities for career development, and interpersonal relationships at work also emerged as important elements in motivating employees. The qualitative analysis highlighted that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to understanding work motivation in this environment. However, the need for recognition of achievement, a sense of involvement in the work process, and support from superiors and coworkers have a significant impact on individuals' motivation levels. This study provides an in-depth understanding of what influences work motivation at the Office of Industry and Trade of North Sumatra Province. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a sensitive approach to individual needs and preferences in designing effective motivation strategies to improve productivity.

The film Habibie & Ainun 3 is a 2019 Indonesian romantic biographical film directed by Hanung Bramantyo and written by Ifan Ismail. This film is a continuation of Rudy Habibie (2016), a prequel to Habibie & Ainun, as well as the third film in the Habibie & Ainun series. If Rudy Habibie tells the story of young Habibie, then Habibie & Ainun 3 tells the story of young Ainun. This article aims to describe the film Habibie & Ainun. In this film we will analyze language. Linguistics are the elements contained in a language, whether spoken or written. All matters related to language are called linguistics. Meanwhile, linguistic rules are definite rules, propositions, or guidelines used in language. This film is being analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The method of data acquisition employed is documentation, which consists of listening and taking notes. Based on the results of the analysis, a variety of language styles were found which showed comparative language styles, conflicting language styles, satirical language styles, affirmative or repetition language styles.

Society in the historical strata has had a fairly close relationship with religion since prehistoric times. For society, religion is seen as the beliefs and behaviors that society uses to address important problems that cannot be solved by the technical systems and organizational techniques for which it is known. To overcome this limitation, humans use the manipulation of supernatural powers. The notion of "culture" is generally understood as a complex definition. Culture or culture can be thought of as a concept whose definition follows the content of its users, although it also refers to objective reality. That is, one person may have an opinion about "culture" or "culture", but another person may object to the words used; Because it requires the person concerned to appreciate his culture. Like the definition of "culture" above, "religion" also has different meanings, both from the point of view of its adherents and from the point of view of the sciences that study it (Sena Adiningrat, 2010). In all areas of world society; religion, culture and belief are three important and very basic elements. All three have a very strong bond and correlation as the core of society, so that even in the craziest and sane times, they are never broken. Because where there is an association or community or society, there is a habitus, then lived and continues to exist, then it becomes a culture. Meanwhile, religion is a belief in one's conscience, which essentially has an inner connection with feelings and the desire to embrace something and believe in it. So religion requires faith or belief. So believing in something important in religion is called faith.

This research aims to explore innovative approaches in integrating English-language religious content as a means of strengthening religious values ​​and improving listening skills in junior high school students at Alam School. This research uses a descriptive method, an innovative approach that illustrates the condition of the subject or object of research by detailing existing facts. The results of the research show that community service activities that use English religious content are successful in strengthening religious values ​​and improving students' listening skills. Students are able to understand and remember new vocabulary through listening to videos. They can also internalize the moral values ​​contained in the video. Apart from that, the use of gamification through the Kahoot application can motivate students to learn in an interactive and fun way. An innovative learning approach that integrates elements of religion and English can help students develop holistically, both spiritually, morally and in language skills. This approach can be an alternative that can be applied in learning English at school.

The aim of entrepreneurship education is to develop attitudes, enthusiasm and the ability to create something of value for oneself and others. Creative, innovative, independent, leadership, good money management and never giving up are entrepreneurial attitudes that must be instilled in children from an early age. As followers of the Prophet Muhammad SAW we need to learn from his figure as an entrepreneur. Where in his journey as an entrepreneur, Rasulullah successfully proved that to start a business one does not have to have money first, there are other elements that are more important than that, namely that one must have the right entrepreneurial mentality. The purpose of this article is to analyze the importance of entrepreneurship education instilled from elementary school age in an Islamic perspective. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature-based approach. Qualitative research relies on the collection and analysis of non-numerical data (such as text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or results. Entrepreneurship education taught at elementary school level is believed to be able to reduce children's consumption habits, train them to create something of value and give birth to the next generation to create jobs in the future.

Children's education is a critical aspect in shaping the future of society. This article discusses the importance of learning with children as an effective way to enhance their educational experience. Holistic learning is an educational approach that recognizes that a child's development is not limited to academic achievement only, but involves other aspects such as physical, emotional and social interactions. The main goal of holistic education is to develop children as a whole, including life skills, values and deep understanding of themselves and their surroundings. This activity is carried out through active and collaborative interaction. Adults have an important role in creating a constructive learning environment, stimulating creativity, and developing positive emotional relationships. Joint activities such as reading books, simple experiments, and listening to music can be effective media for facilitating intellectual and social growth for young children. This learning is carried out by including elements of play and fun, which can stimulate the curiosity of young children and stimulate their willingness to learn. This “Sinau Bareng” activity shows that learning together with children can increase their intrinsic motivation, as well as form a solid character foundation for future academic achievements.  

This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with the aim of finding out the implementation of the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 067090 Medan, as well as the problems of English teachers in implementing the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 067090 Medan. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview, observation and documentation methods. The independent curriculum is an update that is motivated by increasingly advanced technology nowadays, and is also prepared as a strategy to mitigate the learning crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Apart from that, this curriculum also aims to provide freedom to both institutions and teachers in developing and managing curriculum and learning that is adapted to the characteristics of the educational unit and students so that they can explore their talents. Many schools have started implementing the independent curriculum in this new academic year. Therefore, various elements of education are required to adapt to this. From the research results, it can be seen that the problem of English teachers at SD Negeri 067090 Medan, namely that English teachers still do not understand the concept of an independent curriculum, teachers are faced with obstacles in creating teaching and planning modules, learning planning, namely when analyzing learning outcomes, preparing the flow. learning objectives that are adjusted to students' abilities, 3) solutions carried out by Islamic religious education teachers to overcome problems in the independent curriculum, namely English teachers taking part in in-house training and training held by the school and education department, attending KKG meetings held once a month very.

The function of this study is to determine the concept of sustainable development and its principles.To develop a development plan based on the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary to understand what elements are needed as well as what factors and tools are needed to develop sustainably. The pillars of sustainable development are economic sustainable, socially sustainable and environmentally sustainable, all of which must develop in a balanced manner; otherwise development will be trapped in conventional development models that emphasize economic growth alone and leave social and environmental development behind. In addition, for the success of sustainable development, the need for social capital that is able to maintain good cooperative relations between various government agencies both vertically and horizontally, as well as synergy between the government, private sector and the community with a multi-party approach from the three groups. in the preparation of environmentally sound development plans and policies

Religious development in childhood occurs through life experiences during childhood itself, which occur in the family, at school, and in the surrounding community. The more religious experience there is (in accordance with religious teachings) and the more religious elements there are, the more attitudes, actions, behavior and ways of dealing with life will be in accordance with religious teachings. This research aims to increase the growth and development of the religious spirit to a more concrete level in grade 3 children at Az-Zakiyah Islamic Leadership Elementary School, Medan. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection through interviews, analysis, direct activities and documentation. The research subjects were 17 students, with a composition of 10 women and 7 men. The results of this research discussion show that the development of the religious spirit in children goes through 3 different stages.

White collar crime is increasingly prevalent in various corporate sectors and causes significant financial losses and damage to public trust. This type of crime includes embezzlement of funds, manipulation of financial statements, bribery, insider trading in the capital market, and theft of customer personal data. Although it occurs a lot, the prevention of white collar crime is still not optimal and the perpetrators are rarely prosecuted properly. This paper aims to analyze the various determinants that influence the occurrence of white collar crime in order to formulate policy recommendations and prevention strategies in the future. A systematic approach is used by applying the fraud triangle theory which focuses on the three main elements that cause fraud, namely pressure, opportunity and rationalization. The results of the study show that pressure to meet high performance targets and large bonuses often encourage individuals to commit fraud. Meanwhile, weak supervision and lack of transparency create opportunities for fraud. Perpetrators also often justify their actions, for example by assuming that they will not be caught or the value of the loss is small. The complexity of modern corporate operations also increases opportunities for white-collar crime. Effective prevention efforts must be comprehensive by involving various parties and strengthening a number of aspects as controls. The role of internal and external supervisors (auditors) of companies needs to be continuously improved, supported by modem fraud detection technology tools. Whistleblowing mechanisms need to be strengthened in every company and kept confidential to encourage early reporting of fraud indications.

A systems approach can improve the quality of education by identifying needs, selecting problems, identifying requirements for solutions to problems, creating several alternative solutions, producing results, and revising requirements in part or all of the system related to limitations in meeting needs. This research explores how the application of a systems approach can be an effective basis for building quality education. Through analysis of factors such as synchronization, resource management, and stakeholder engagement, this research aims to identify ways in which system approaches can be optimized to achieve better educational outcomes. By strengthening the linkages between various elements in the education system, it is hoped that an educational ecosystem that is more responsive, adaptive and results-oriented can be formed. The findings of this research can contribute to the development of more effective education policies and provide a more comprehensive view of efforts to improve the overall quality of education.

Reading is one of the elements of language skills that are at the third level, after listening and speaking skills. Along with the times, the development of reading materials published so that people, especially students, have a varied and not monotonous reading reference. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with survey type. Data collection methods in this study using questionnaires, observations and interviews. The data subjects in this study were Indonesian Language and Literature Education (PBSI) students. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Tarbiyah Science (FITK) UIN Jakarta. This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Students of the Faculty of Tarbiyah Sciences (FITK) UIN Jakarta in their interest in reading popular scientific works. The results of this study indicate that factors such as atmosphere, time, and the presence of interesting readings affect students' reading interest, and further understanding of reading preferences and habits can provide additional insights regarding the influence of popular scientific reading skills on the reading interest of PBSI UIN Jakarta 3rd semester students.