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This thesis examines the legal consequences faced by notaries who refuse to draft credit agreement deeds containing elements of usury, with a focus on Tuban City. The study addresses two main issues: whether a notary can lawfully refuse such a deed, and what legal sanctions may apply if they do. Using a normative legal research approach with case, statutory, and conceptual analyses, the study finds that while the UUJN (Notary Law) does not explicitly permit refusal on religious grounds, it also does not prohibit it if the client can be served by another notary. Refusal based on Islamic principles—specifically the prohibition of usury (riba)—does not warrant sanctions under Article 85 of the UUJN, unless the refusal leads to the client's abandonment. In such cases, administrative sanctions may apply. According to the Notary Code of Ethics, acting outside legal provisions may also result in disciplinary action. The study concludes that current laws do not provide sufficient legal protection for notaries who seek to align their professional duties with religious beliefs. It recommends legal reform to ensure notaries have the right to uphold sharia principles without fear of sanctions, through amendments to the UUJN that consider religious freedom and human rights, while still ensuring client access to legal services.

This study assesses how campaign propaganda affected Nigeria's post-election government and the results of the 2015 presidential election. It examines in detail how ethno-religious campaigns The winning party's policy orientation, the victory of an opposition party, and the rational voting decisions of individuals were all influenced by the messaging of the two main political parties. To accomplish their goal of garnering more votes, politicians from all over the world adorn their language in distinctive ways to give their message more impact and force. Repetition, promise, colloquialism, word coinages, pidginized, and metaphorical language are some ways that rhetoric and propaganda can embody this. The figurative terms' denotative and connotative meanings are examined. It is believed that hyperbole, rhetorical inquiries, and rude remarks are characteristics of propaganda as a subset of this register. Therefore, political actors and foreign interests willingly used the media to disseminate divisive views. and a smear campaign against alleged rivals. Evidence suggests that the winning party has not significantly fulfilled its electoral promises five years after political ascendancy, despite the fact that campaign propaganda containing hate speech and dubious information helped an incumbent lose the 2015 Nigerian presidential election.

Maqashid Syariah, or the objectives of Islamic law, is an important concept in understanding Islamic law that focuses on achieving good and preventing harm. In the period of the Companions and Tabi'in, this maqashid became the basis for legal decision-making and religious practices. This study aims to analyze how the Companions and Tabi'in implemented maqashid sharia in the social, political, and economic contexts of their time. Meanwhile, the research method used in this journal is library research. The findings show that the Companions and Tabi'in did not only focus on legal texts, but also considered the social impact of legal decisions, thus creating justice and social welfare.  

Freedom of the press is a fundamental part of a democratic system, including in Indonesia. However, in a society that is predominantly Muslim, there are challenges in balancing freedom of the press with Islamic values. One form of Islamic influence on the world of journalism in Indonesia is the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) on Islamic journalism. This study aims to analyze how the fatwa regulates journalistic practices, the extent of its influence on press freedom, and the challenges that arise in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a document analysis method, including a study of the MUI fatwa, press regulations in Indonesia, and related literature. The results of the study show that the MUI fatwa emphasizes the principles of honesty, moral responsibility, and compliance with Islamic teachings in journalistic practice. This fatwa encourages Muslim journalists to present news that is not only accurate but also in accordance with religious norms. Although it does not have binding legal force, this fatwa still has a major influence, especially for Islamic-based media and Muslim journalists. However, this study also found the potential for conflict between the principle of press freedom which prioritizes independence and the principle of Islamic journalism which demands limitations according to religious norms. Therefore, dialogue is needed between stakeholders, such as the MUI, the press, and the government, in order to find a balance between press freedom and Islamic values ​​in journalistic practices in Indonesia.

Early marriage is a crucial issue in Indonesia, including in Tombolikat Village, which is often not registered at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). This study aims to identify the process of early marriage in Tombolikat Village and analyze the legal implications of unregistered early marriages. The research method used is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. The results showed that early marriage in Tombolikat Village is still prevalent due to social, economic and cultural factors. Marriage that is not registered with the KUA results in no legal protection for the parties involved, especially women and children. The legal implications include difficulties in managing children's birth certificates, inheritance rights, and the potential for domestic violence without adequate access to legal protection. More intensive outreach and collaboration between village governments, religious leaders, and the community are needed to reduce the rate of early marriage and ensure that every marriage is officially recorded for legal certainty and protection of citizens' rights.

During the time of Rasulullah SAW, Muslims did not need certain rules in understanding sharia law. After the spread of Futuhat Islamiyah, Arab Muslims interacted a lot with other nations who had different languages. On the other hand, the need for ijtihad is very urgent, because there are many new problems that have never occurred before and require clarity in fiqh law. So two large madrasahs emerged that reflected their ijtihad method - the Ahlir-ra'yi Madrasah used more qiyas (analogies) to generate heated debates, thus making the ulama feel the need to create written regulations that were recorded as common law in uniting these two madrasas. The hadith about being more careful in giving fatwas and qiyas gave rise to heated debate, making the ulama feel the need to make written rules which were recorded as joint laws in uniting the two madrasas. Imam Syafi'i was the first person to write a book about ushul fiqh-Imam Syafii was a great mufti of the Muslim community who was also the founder of the Syafi'i school, developing his school in Baghdad. Ushul fiqh is the postulates of fiqh which are global in nature - The object of the discussion is to study the postulates which are still of a general nature seen from their general legal provisions and the ultimate aim of studying them is to protect the Islamic religion from deviations and misuse of the postulates of the Shari'a, so that misleading carelessness does not occur.

The crime of molestation and sexual intercourse against children is an act that violates social norms of politeness, religion and decency. Article 28b paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia reads: "Every child has the right to survival, growth, and development and has the right to protection from violence and discrimination" The legal issue of this normative legal research: How is the criminal act of molestation and sexual intercourse against children regulated? What is the form of legal protection for children as victims of sexual acts and sexual intercourse? The crime of molestation is regulated in Articles 289 to 295 of the Criminal Code, Law No. 35 of 2014: It is an amendment to Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, which affirms the prohibition of violence or threats against children (Article 76E) and establishes prison sanctions of between 5 to 15 years for perpetrators (Article 82) and Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence. The form of legal protection for children as victims of criminal acts of molestation and sexual intercourse is Physical and Psychological Protection, Victims' children have the right to physical protection to ensure safety from the threat of the perpetrator, through the arrest of the perpetrator with sufficient preliminary evidence. Psychological protection is provided with rehabilitation, counseling, and psychosocial assistance during the legal process until recovery. 2. Confidentiality of the identity of the victim; 3. Legal and Social Assistance; 4. Restitution and Restoration of Rights; 5. Strict Law Enforcement.

Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife whose aim is to form a happy and eternal family (household) based on the belief in the Almighty God. Law 1/1974 refers to the validity of a marriage held by Indonesian citizens based on the laws of their respective religions and beliefs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process in relation to Hindu Religious Marriages and analyze the validity of Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriages Based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. It becomes a problem when a community of Towani Tolotang believers are "forced" to choose Hinduism among the religions recognized by the government, which then relegates their belief to just a custom. The next big question about how the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process relates to Hindu Religious Marriages is how is the validity of the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. The research was carried out in Sidrap Regency, Panrenge Telelimpoe Village, Province. South Sulawesi, data collection was obtained using interviews and analyzing data from literature references, either from books or from journals via the internet. After the data obtained has been collected, it will then be discussed and explained in accordance with applicable regulations and the final results will be concluded. The results of the conclusions must be in accordance with the research results from the title "The Validity of Marriage in the Towani Tolotang Traditional Perspective (Study in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province)", Based on the results of the analysis and interviews regarding Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage and Hinduism, namely that the procedure or process of marriage what is carried out by the Towani Tolotang Custom is not the same as the provisions of the marriage procedures in Hinduism, furthermore the Towani Tolotang Customary Marriage is declared valid according to the provisions of the Law. Marriage in Indonesia is because the marriage is carried out in accordance with the principles or principles and values ​​contained in Law 1/1974.

This study is motivated by the high rate of marriage in Indonesia. Marriage is a sacred activity because through marriage there will be new family relationships and the consequences that arise from the marriage. The validity of a marriage in Indonesia is highly dependent on the provisions of each religion recognized in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In Islam, a man can practice polygamy if he has met the existing conditions. Polygamy will have an impact on the validity of a marriage if the existing conditions are not met by the couple. Therefore, the validity of a marriage is very necessary in the system of the state of law.

Traditional marriage in Pulau Buaya Village is not just the union of two individuals, but also a bond between two large families that involves social, cultural, and economic aspects. The traditional marriage customs in this village have significant stages that reflect the values of collectivism and respect for ancestors. However, the majority of the community also adheres to Islam, which has its own legal rules regarding marriage. The interaction between customary law and Islamic law in marriage practices often results in adaptations or acculturation that do not always proceed smoothly. Some traditional customs sometimes conflict with the principles of Islamic law, creating challenges in balancing the preservation of traditions with adherence to religious teachings. This study uses a juridical-empirical method with a qualitative approach. Primary data is obtained through interviews and direct observation of traditional leaders, religious leaders, and couples who have undergone traditional marriages. Secondary data is gathered from literature studies on customary law and Islamic law. The findings show that the customary marriage law in Pulau Buaya Village has been adjusted to Islamic principles, but practices still exist that contradict Islamic law. The implications of this study are the need for an integrative approach in formulating marriage policies that respect cultural diversity while remaining in accordance with Islamic and national legal principles.

This research aims to examine and analyze the actualization of the third principle of Pancasila, namely "Unity in Indonesia," in the context of the spirit of gotong royong, which is a noble tradition of the Indonesian nation. Gotong royong, emphasizing cooperation and togetherness, plays a crucial role in strengthening unity amidst the social, cultural, and religious diversity in Indonesia. This study focuses on how the values of unity can be manifested in gotong royong practices across various sectors of life, both at the community level, within government, and in international relations.The methodology employed in this research is a qualitative approach that includes literature studies and interviews with various parties directly involved in gotong royong activities, both in communities and governmental institutions. The research also analyzes various cases that illustrate the implementation of the spirit of gotong royong in everyday life, particularly in addressing social, economic challenges, and natural disasters.The findings indicate that the spirit of gotong royong plays a vital role in reinforcing the unity of the Indonesian nation. Through gotong royong, communities can support each other in facing various social issues while strengthening social bonds among citizens, regardless of existing differences. On the other hand, this study also identifies challenges faced in actualizing the principle of Unity in Indonesia within the spirit of gotong royong, such as the growing individualism in society and widening social gaps.This research is expected to contribute to understanding the importance of actualizing the principle of Unity in Indonesia in national life and to provide recommendations for strengthening the spirit of gotong royong to create a more united, just, and prosperous Indonesia. The spirit of gotong royong, which is an integral part of Indonesian national identity, needs to be continuously developed to face the challenges of modern times and increasingly complex global dynamics.

The existence of political parties in a country that adheres to a democratic system is a necessity and the inevitability of their existence. Because with the existence of political parties, democracy will run according to the reel that it should run, starting from the freedom to gather and associate as regulated in the constitution to the implementation of general elections for President and Vice President, Legislative and regional head elections indicating that democracy in a country is at least whether or not it can be said to be going well. In Indonesia itself, the existence of political parties can be said to be multi-party because there are more than two parties, as in several other democratic countries where there are only two parties. Although in general, if we look at their ideology, political parties in Indonesia can be grouped into just two, namely parties that are religiously oriented (religious) and parties that are nationalist (state) oriented. In the research results, it is stated that multi-party parties do not always work well and are relevant, so there needs to be simplification in the future so that people are not confused by many parties.

Indonesia needs get rid of terrorism For forever . Journal This aiming For describe and analyze with use approach various effort countermeasures crime terrorism in Indonesia. Methods research used​ in study This use approach qualitative descriptive For serve description about terrorism and some strategy For to fight crime This is in Indonesia. Formulation problem based on description background back on top is as following : what just factor crime terrorism in Indonesia and how method overcome crime terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism is disturbing phenomenon . Efforts​ countermeasures crime terrorism committed​ Government implemented through effort repressive . There are five factors that cause crime terrorism in Indonesia, namely : ethnicity , nationalism / separatism , poverty and inequality and globalization , non-democracy , violations dignity humans and religious radicalism .

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership on the performance of regional office employees in the Ministry of Riau province. The population used in this study was 181 people. The sampling method uses the slovin formula in analyzing data obtained from research objects using quantitative analysis and the number of respondents is 65 people. The results of data processing through SPSS data analysis using the simple linear regression method with the results Y = 18.184 + 0.867x, from the t test there is a t count of 6.374 it can be seen that the value of t count > t table (6.374 > 1.99834) means that leadership has a significant effect on performance employees at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Riau Province. it can be seen that the R square value is 0.392, this means that the leadership variable (X) contributes or contributes to the dependent variable where the leadership is 0.392 or 39.2% while the remaining 60.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. this research.

The presence of Indonesian language in religious talks serves a significant purpose as an effective tool for communicating Islamic teachings. This research centers on how Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus employs Indonesian in her sermons, noted for their respectful, clear, and pertinent presentation to listeners. The foundation of this investigation lies in recognizing the value of language analysis as a method of outreach that can engage diverse segments of the community. The inquiry focuses on how Ustadzah Halimah adeptly uses Indonesian to effectively communicate religious ideas in a precise manner. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a case study design. Data collection included reviewing recordings of lectures that were widely shared, conducting linguistic analyses, and performing supplementary interviews with audience members to gauge their reception of the language used. The findings indicate that Ustadzah Halimah incorporates straightforward yet impactful Indonesian words, modifies her tone between gentle and assertive, and weaves in inspiring stories relevant to daily experiences. This technique has proven successful in establishing a deep emotional link with the audience, enhancing their comprehension and acceptance of the conveyed messages. The study recommends that preachers receive training to refine their language abilities and implement these skills in their teachings. Within the academic field, this research adds to the body of knowledge in pragmatic linguistics and preaching communication, particularly in analyzing how language can serve as a persuasive tool that positively affects listeners. Therefore, the effective use of proper Indonesian should be further leveraged as a strategic approach to preaching in contemporary society.

This article explores the communication language employed by Ustadzah Oki Setiana Dewi in her preaching activities. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the language in enhancing audience understanding and acceptance of preaching messages. The methodology involves a literature review with qualitative analysis of Ustadzah Oki’s sermons available on digital platforms. The findings reveal that Ustadzah Oki’s communication style is characterized by simplicity, friendliness, and empathy. These traits enable her preaching to be well-received by diverse groups, particularly the younger generation. Furthermore, Ustadzah Oki often uses inspiring stories and analogies closely related to everyday life, making it easier for the audience to grasp the messages. Her soft tone and choice of positive words also create a comforting and engaging atmosphere. This approach not only effectively conveys the message but also builds emotional connections with the audience. The study also highlights positive feedback from audiences, evident from various comments and responses on social media. Many feel motivated and inspired by her inclusive preaching style, which transcends social, age, and educational backgrounds. This article suggests that similar approaches should be widely adopted in preaching to ensure that religious messages are universally accessible. In conclusion, Ustadzah Oki’s friendly, simple, and empathetic communication approach significantly enhances the effectiveness of her preaching and strengthens emotional bonds with her audience. This model of communication is relevant in modern preaching contexts and serves as an inspiration for other preachers to integrate universal Islamic values with creative and heartfelt communication methods. Thus, preaching becomes not only a medium for conveying religious teachings but also a tool for fostering broader social harmony.

This study aims to examine the relevance of the first principle of Pancasila in supporting diversity and the role of the state in maintaining harmony of diversity in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the First Principle, "Belief in the One and Only God," supports diversity in Indonesia by emphasizing the value of inclusivity that promotes tolerance, respect, and recognition of various religions, cultures, and traditions. This supports the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, making diversity a unifying force for the nation. In addition, the state has a strategic role in maintaining harmony of diversity through regulations that ensure religious freedom, law enforcement against intolerance, and the development of multicultural education. Although challenges such as radicalism and intolerance remain, collaboration between the government and society is essential to realize social harmony in accordance with the values of the First Principle in Pancasila.

The crime of terrorism is a form of crime with an international dimension that is very frightening to the public. Terrorism is a crime against humanity which is classified as an extraordinary crime because it has succeeded in creating chaos based on religion, sect or organization. This crime against humanity is regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2018 concerning Terrorism Crimes. Terrorist networks that are difficult to trace and have wide access make the problem of terrorism difficult to eradicate. Easy access between countries is one of the reasons why it is difficult to break the chain of terrorist networks. So efforts are needed through bilateral, regional and international cooperation to eradicate terrorism. The research method used in this paper uses normative legal research based on legal theories. By taking a legislative approach through literature study. This research aiming to find out what causes perpetrators to commit criminal acts of terrorism and to find out what form of criminal law accountability exists for perpetrators who participate in criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia .

This research aims to describe the application of law number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to law number i of 1974 concerning marriage regarding marriage dispensations in the Tuban religious courts. This research is qualitative research with a type of field research. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Analysis uses data reduction. data display and drawing conclusions. checking is done by data triangulation. The results of this research are that the Tuban religious court has implemented law number 16 of 2019 after the law was passed. With steps to provide outreach to the government concerned and the community. However, requests for marriage dispensation increased to 57% after the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019, therefore it can be said that the implementation of Law No. 16 of 2019 is still not effective.    

Indonesia's positive legal system is not in line with Jinayah's thoughts of accountability. Criminal responsibility according to Islamic criminal law is based on the awareness and intention of the perpetrator (mens rea) and proof of unlawful actions (actus reus), which is in line with sharia principles. The aim of this research is to study how the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be applied to Indonesian law by considering the principles of justice, humanity and uniformity in accordance with the country's constitution. The research method used is normative, by looking at various laws in Indonesia and reading literature about Islamic criminal law and its implementation in countries with Islamic law. The research results show that, although there are fundamental differences between Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, several elements of the concept of Islamic criminal responsibility can be exploited, especially in cases containing certain crimes such as qisas, diyat, and ta'zir. By considering Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the state, these elements can be exploited. It is hoped that this implementation will help strengthen the national legal system by providing space for the religious values ​​that live within it