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Vairiious studiies iin the Humain Resources sector haive used quaintiitaitiive reseairch daitai wiith survey methods aind used reseairch iinstruments usiing questiionnaiiires thait aipply ai Liikert scaile ais ai tool to meaisure the opiiniions, aittiitudes, aind perceptiions of employees, both iindiiviiduails aind groups, regairdiing ongoiing sociiail phenomenai. Aiccordiing to previious reseairch (Ainaindai et ail., 2023), leaidershiip style aind work motiivaitiion haive ai siigniifiicaint iimpaict on employee performaince ait PT. Tiirtai Sukses Paindain. Where thiis staitement iis the saime ais the results of previious reseairch (Gemiinii, 2021) whiich showed thait leaidershiip style aind work motiivaitiion ailso haive ai siigniifiicaint iimpaict on employee performaince ait Baink Sulselbair Jeneponto Brainch. Thiis study iis ai development of reseairch (Ainaindai et ail., 2023) usiing quaintiitaitiive methods aind usiing ai Liikert scaile ais ai meaisuriing tool to how much iinfluence leaidershiip style aind work motiivaitiion haive on employee effectiiveness ait Plaismai PT. Graihai Iintii Jaiyai. Baised on taible 4.6, the results of the siimultaineous test (F test) show thait the cailculaited F vailue iis 426.340 aind iits siigniifiicaince reaiches 0.000. Meainwhiile, the F taible corresponds to the diistriibutiion taible ait ai 5% error raite of 2.72. Thiis iindiicaites thait the cailculaited F iis greaiter thain the F taible (426,340 > 2.72) aind iits siigniifiicaince iis 0.00, less thain 0.05.  

Anxiety is an emotional response that children often experience when facing medical procedures, including circumcision. Unresolved anxiety can have a negative impact, such as increasing pain, disrupting the process of action, and causing trauma. Non-pharmacological efforts such as audiovisual administration and puzzle game therapy can be used to reduce anxiety. This study aims to analyze the difference in anxiety levels in pre-circumcision children between audiovisual giving and puzzle games at Pondok Khitan, Bancang Village, Tahulu Village. Research design using quantitative with post test design only design. The research population is pre-circumcision children at Pondok Khitan, Bancang Hamlet, Tahulu Village with a sample of 40 respondents taken with the purposive sampling technique. Consists of 20 children of the Audiovisual group and 20 children of the Puzzle Game Group. The research instrument is in the form of a child anxiety questionnaire. The research results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of α = <0,05 with an Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.029 < 0.05. the mean rank value of the Audiovisual group of 24.23 and the Puzzle Game group of 16.77 shows that the Puzzle Game is more effective in minimizing anxiety in pre-circumcision children which means H1 is accepted. The discovery of meaningful differences between Audiovisual and Puzzle Games towards anxiety so that the technique can be used as an interactive educational medium.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common chronic neuropathy of the upper limb, characterized by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. It typically results from repetitive hand movements or trauma and leads to pain, numbness, and weakness, making it a significant occupational health concern. Increased intracarpal pressure causes venous stasis, edema, and ischemic damage, which slow nerve conduction and are detectable through electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies. Recently, ultrasonographic measurement of the median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) has been proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic option. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-based CSA measurement compared with EDX findings in CTS patients. The research was conducted at Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City in Baghdad from November 2024 to March 2025 and included 100 patients (200 hands). All individuals underwent both EDX and high-resolution ultrasonography using a 5–13 MHz linear probe, with CSA calculated by the direct tracing method. CTS was confirmed in 102 hands (51%). Affected hands demonstrated significantly prolonged distal motor and sensory latencies, reduced amplitudes, and lower conduction velocities (p < 0.001). Mean CSA was significantly larger in CTS hands (13.75 ± 3.95 mm²) than in non-CTS hands (10.15 ± 3.33 mm², p < 0.001). ROC analysis produced an AUC of 0.776 and an optimal cutoff of 11.5 mm² (72% sensitivity, 76% specificity). CSA also increased with CTS severity. Moderate accuracy was observed when differentiating mild from moderate CTS at a 12.5 mm² cutoff, and moderate from severe CTS. In conclusion, median nerve CSA measurement by ultrasound is a reliable, noninvasive, and rapid tool for diagnosing and grading CTS, complementing EDX assessment.  

Bloating in infants can also accompany other digestive disorders, such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation. Babies with gas often vomit easily. Babies with diarrhea will have low potassium levels, resulting in bloating. One benefit of infant massage is addressing complaints of bloating and colic in infants. Tummy massage is a gentle abdominal massage designed to encourage trapped air to move. The goal is to move gas and other materials from the intestines to the large intestine. The method used was preparation through coordination with midwives and cadres in Selokerto Village, Sempor District, Kebumen Regency. The activity was implemented through lectures and tummy massage simulations. While evaluation and follow-up plans for the activity were carried out by evaluating the knowledge of mothers of toddlers and can be implemented independently using leaflets distributed to mothers of toddlers. The number of respondents in this activity was 10 mothers of toddlers. The activity went smoothly, all mothers enthusiastically participated in the activity. Respondents were aged between 20-34 years. The level of knowledge of respondents before the activity was that most had sufficient knowledge about bloating/colic in toddlers and tummy massage. Meanwhile, after the knowledge activity, most responded well. Conclusion: The community service activity was effective in increasing respondents' knowledge about gas/colic in toddlers and tummy massage.

Overview: Back pain during pregnancy is a common problem experienced by approximately 50–70% of pregnant women. Back pain during pregnancy is caused by an imbalance between the muscle activity in the lumbar region. Several maternal factors are known to play a role in the onset of back pain during pregnancy, including maternal age, body mass index (BMI), number of pregnancies (gravida), and physical activity. Research Method: This is a quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 33 pregnant women in their third trimester. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and data analysis used the Chi-square test. Research Results: There was a relationship between BMI and back pain (p-value: 0.015), and there was no relationship between maternal age (p-value: 0.715), gravida (p-value: 0.442), and physical activity (p-value: 0.156) and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between BMI and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester, and there was no significant relationship between maternal age, gravida, and physical activity and back pain in pregnant women in their third trimester.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the art center approach in increasing early childhood creativity in Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Education. The art center approach is one of the child-centered learning strategies, by providing freedom of expression through art activities such as drawing, painting, dancing, and playing music. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consist of teachers and children aged 4–6 years in Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Education. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the implementation of the art center approach in Integrative Holistic PAUD is able to foster aspects of children's creativity, including the ability to imagine, experiment with art media, and express ideas originally. In addition, the role of teachers as facilitators is very important in providing stimulation, a supportive environment, and appreciation of children's work. In conclusion, the art center approach is effective in developing early childhood creativity if applied consistently, with the support of facilities, media, and mentoring that are appropriate to the stage of child development.

The rapid development of the digital era has led to a major shift in the modern workplace, with over 1.5 billion people spending more than six hours daily in front of computer screens. This working condition poses significant occupational health risks, including Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) such as Low Back Pain (LBP) and neck strain, with a global prevalence of 60-80%. Furthermore, prolonged screen exposure and high workload contribute to mental health issues like chronic stress and digital fatigue. This community service aimed to increase awareness among PT. XYZ employees regarding the importance of integrated ergonomics to achieve optimal productivity. The method used was an informative sharing session through a presentation and discussion. The material emphasized a three-pronged intervention approach: physical ergonomics (workstation adjustment), technology-based interventions (wearable devices, break reminder apps, and electromagnetic radiation prevention), and mental well-being integration (mindfulness and relaxation techniques). The results showed a significant increase in participant understanding of the health risks and the practical steps to implement integrated ergonomic solutions. It was found that combining technology-based reminders and mindfulness exercises can reduce health complaints by up to 40% better than physical interventions alone. The implication of this service is the recommendation for PT. XYZ to adopt an integrated ergonomic policy that addresses physical, technological, and mental aspects to create a healthier, safer, and more productive work environment for its employees.

Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and their presence in the peripheral blood. PCL is classified into primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL), which occurs de novo without a prior history of multiple myeloma, and secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL), which arises in association with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. A 58-year-old woman presented with right hip pain that had been ongoing for four months. The pain progressively worsened, limiting her ability to move her leg and eventually causing significant difficulty in walking. She also experienced bilateral lower limb weakness and an unintentional weight loss of 10 kg over the same period. The patient denied any history of trauma. Physical examination revealed pallor without signs of bruising or spontaneous bleeding. Laboratory findings showed severe anemia (Hb 6.5 g/dL), leukocytosis (24,100/µL), thrombocytopenia, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and 25% plasma cells on peripheral blood smear. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated 40% infiltration by plasma cells. Based on the patient’s clinical presentation, physical examination, and laboratory findings, the diagnosis is consistent with primary Plasma Cell Leukemia.

Thick leaf (Glochidion superbum) is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized by the community of East Panjang Island for the treatment of wounds, pain, and ulcers. This research was conducted to isolate the major compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction of thick leaf and to assess its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The plant leaves were first cleaned, dried, and powdered, followed by maceration extraction using methanol, which resulted in an extract yield of 16.42%. The crude extract was fractionated by column chromatography using EtOAc and MeOH eluents with ratios of 9:1 (K1), 4:1 (K2), 1:4 (K3), and 1:9 (K4). UV–Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed an absorption peak at 288 nm, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds, identified as ferulic acid. Antioxidant testing using the DPPH method showed IC₅₀ values for fractions K1, K2, K3, and K4 of 12.981, 5.159, 9.658, and 10.971 µg/mL, respectively, with vitamin C as a positive control (3.563 µg/mL). Fraction K2 showed the strongest antioxidant activity. These results indicate that thick leaf contains ferulic acid with very strong antioxidant activity and has potential as a natural antioxidant source.

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in children and is considered a surgical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and management to prevent serious complications. Diagnosing appendicitis in children is often challenging because the symptoms are non-specific, and the child's ability to articulate complaints is limited. This case report discusses a 6-year-and-9-month-old boy who presented with a chief complaint of lower right abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever. Based on the results of the anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting investigations in the form of laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound (USG), a diagnosis of acute appendicitis was established. The patient then underwent an appendectomy with good recovery and no complications. This case emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and the use of non-invasive supporting examinations such as ultrasound in establishing the diagnosis of appendicitis in children. It highlights the critical role of timely diagnosis and intervention, which can lead to favorable outcomes and prevent the risk of perforation or other serious complications. Early recognition and appropriate surgical decision-making are key to improving patient prognosis.

Open fractures are serious orthopedic injuries with a high risk of infection and soft tissue complications. A 20-year-old male patient presented to the Emergency Department with severe pain in his left leg and wrist, accompanied by a laceration on his face, following a traffic accident. Physical examination revealed deformity and an open wound on the left leg, along with severe swelling and tenderness. Radiographic results showed an open fracture of the proximal third of the left tibia and fibula, an open fracture of the left pedal metatarsal, a closed fracture of the distal phalanx of the third digit of the left foot, and a closed fracture of the distal third of the left radius with distal radioulnar joint dislocation. Based on the Gustilo–Anderson classification, the case was categorized as type IIIB. The patient received initial management including debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, analgesics, and splinting. Surgical intervention was performed in stages, comprising Open Reduction External Fixation (OREF) for the tibia–fibula and left foot, followed by Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) for the distal left radius. Postoperative evaluation showed clinical improvement with reduced pain, decreased edema, and improved extremity function. This case emphasizes the importance of rapid and appropriate management of multiple open fractures to prevent infection, maintain bone stability, and accelerate the healing process.

Obstructive ileus is a digestive system disorder characterized by a blockage caused by abnormalities in the intestinal lumen, intestinal wall, or foreign objects outside the intestine. Blockages in this intestinal area can cause accumulation or buildup at the site of the blockage. Patients with obstructive ileus generally experience complaints such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, bowel disorders, flatus (gas) disorders, and the most common symptom is abdominal pain. The goal of this community service is to enable families to understand the definition, causes, and management of obstructive ileus and to practice applying warm compresses to minimize pain in the affected area. The methods used in this activity were counseling, interactive discussions, and practice of applying warm compresses. The media used were leaflets and flipcharts. The results obtained from this health education activity can improve patient (family) knowledge and practice in applying warm compresses to relieve pain. It is hoped that after this activity, patients (families) can apply knowledge of how to manage pain independently as an initial preventative measure to reduce pain

Patients undergoing surgery often experience preoperative anxiety due to concerns about the outcome, pain, and the risk of complications. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect the patient's physiological and psychological condition and slow the recovery process. One non-pharmacological effort that can be used to reduce anxiety is the finger-holding relaxation technique, a simple method that can help balance emotions and provide a sense of calm. To determine the effect of the finger-holding relaxation technique on changes in preoperative anxiety levels in patients at Batang Regional General Hospital. Method: This study used a descriptive case study approach. The respondents were four patients who were about to undergo surgery and were experiencing anxiety. The intervention was conducted for approximately 15 minutes using the finger-holding relaxation technique. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). All respondents experienced a decrease in anxiety levels after the intervention. The average reduction in anxiety scores was 7.25 points. Before the intervention, two patients experienced severe anxiety and two patients experienced moderate anxiety. After the intervention, two patients experienced mild anxiety and two others experienced a decrease to moderate levels. This indicates that finger-holding therapy has a positive effect on reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. The finger-holding relaxation technique has been proven effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. This intervention can be used as a simple, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for nurses to improve patient psychological comfort.

Background: Oral health is an important indicator of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. According to the WHO, oral health is a state of freedom from various diseases and conditions, including dental and oral diseases that limit an individual's ability to bite, chew, smile, speak, and psychosocial well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain oral hygiene as an effort to improve oral health. Case report: A 45-year-old man came to Soelastri General Hospital complaining of a large cavity in his upper left tooth. The tooth had been painful for about a year and had not undergone any treatment.Extraoral examination revealed a symmetrical face. Clinical examination of the maxillary left first premolar revealed a large cavity on the distoocclusal surface with pulpal depth. Discussion: Perforations can be treated through cavity access; the prognosis depends on the elimination and prevention of infection in the perforation area and the choice of material. The success of perforation closure management is influenced by several factors, including the timing of perforation closure, the choice of material used, the location of the perforation, and adequate perforation closure. Conclusion: Case of maxillary left premolar with diagnosis of pulp necrosis which experienced lateral perforation and the area was closed using MTA, then root canal treatment.

Caesarean section (CS) is a major surgical procedure frequently performed for childbirth with specific medical indications. Early mobilization after CS is crucial to accelerate recovery and prevent complications. The Enhanced Recovery After Caesarean Surgery (ERACS) method is a modern approach aimed at enhancing recovery through multimodal pain management and early mobilization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ERACS method on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers. This research employed a quantitative design with a one-group post-test only approach. The study population comprised postpartum mothers following CS at Islamic Hospital (RSI) Al-Ikhlas Pemalang. A total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets and analysed using a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the majority of respondents (78%) achieved independent early mobilization, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.000, indicating a meaningful effect. This study consists of viii (8) pages of introduction, 72 pages of main discussion, 5 data tables, 2 conceptual framework diagrams, and 8 supporting appendices. In conclusion, the ERACS method has a positive effect on early mobilization in post-caesarean section mothers.

Low back pain is a discomforting condition that can cause various disorders and potentially disrupt a person's quality of life, such as causing decreased work productivity. Therefore, it is important for the community, especially farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet, Ngawi Regency. To improve understanding of low back pain, efforts are needed to expand farmers' knowledge regarding this condition, including its definition, prevention, and treatment in Bulakrejo Hamlet. The method applied was providing physiotherapy education through health promotion about low back pain using leaflets as a medium for information delivery. A question and answer session was also conducted to measure the level of understanding of farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet and provide exercises that can address problems of weakness, stiffness, limitations and pain in the back muscles. The activity ran smoothly and the material was easily understood by farmers in Bulakrejo Hamlet. Evaluation results showed an increase in farmers' knowledge, from 40% to 90%. The extension activity proved effective in increasing farmers' understanding of low back pain cases.

Research at Diponegoro University found that 66.7% of 63 respondents experienced neck pain due to using a laptop for more than 4 hours. Prolonged laptop use can negatively impact health from an ergonomic perspective, as the recommended maximum usage is 2 hours per day. However, students often maintain non-ergonomic positions for extended periods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between laptop use and neck pain among Diploma Three Nursing Students at Abulyatama University, Aceh. The research utilized an analytical, cross-sectional design, with a population of 556 students and a sample of 85 students, selected through purposive random sampling. The research was conducted at Abulyatama University from May 15 to June 2, 2025, and data was collected using a questionnaire with a Numeric Rating Scale. Analysis involved both univariate and bivariate methods using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that among 85 respondents, 44 (95.7%) experienced moderate pain, 8 (40.0%) had mild pain, and 8 (42.1%) reported severe pain. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation (p=0.000) between laptop use and neck pain. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between laptop use and complaints of neck pain among university students. The research is expected to raise student awareness about the health risks associated with prolonged and improper laptop use, encourage better posture, and serve as a reference about limiting laptop use and improving ergonomics.

Adolescence is a transitional period marked by rapid physical, psychological, and social changes. During this time, hormonal growth occurs as a sign of puberty and the activation of reproductive organs, one of which is breast development. However, these changes can sometimes lead to breast abnormalities such as lumps, pain, or changes in shape that may indicate early signs of health problems. One of the most effective early detection efforts for breast abnormalities is Breast Self-Examination (BSE). This examination is important to be done regularly so that each individual, especially adolescent girls, can recognize the condition of their breasts early on. Unfortunately, many adolescent girls still do not know what BSE is or how to perform it correctly. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and breast self-examination (BSE) behavior among female students at SMA Negeri 1 Krueng Barona Jaya, Aceh Besar District. This research was a quantitative study using an analytic cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out on May 27, 2025, with a population of 30 female students from grades X and XI, selected using accidental sampling techniques. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test showed that there was no relationship between knowledge level and BSE behavior, with a p-value of 0.384 (p > 0.05). It is expected that parents and schools can improve adolescent girls’ knowledge about BSE as an effort for prevention and early detection of possible breast abnormalities.  

Sectio caesarean (SC) is a major surgical procedure performed to save the mother and baby when normal delivery is not possible. However, this procedure may cause postoperative complications such as impaired physical mobility due to pain, muscle weakness, and anesthesia effects. These limitations can delay the healing process, increase the risk of infection, and reduce the mother's self-care ability. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to accelerate recovery is early mobilization through Range of Motion (ROM) exercises. This case study aims to analyze the effectiveness of early mobilization (ROM) intervention on improving mobility and reducing pain in post-sectio caesarean mothers. The study was conducted in June 2025 at RSUD Kajen with three respondents who underwent SC for different obstetric indications (postterm, CPD, and severe preeclampsia). The research design used a descriptive case study with pre–post intervention approach. The results showed that after performing ROM exercises gradually from six hours post SC, pain intensity decreased from a scale of 7–8 to 1–3 within three days. Mobility ability improved from only being able to turn sideways to sitting and walking with assistance. Respondents also showed increased motivation and independence in self-care activities. In conclusion, early mobilization (ROM) intervention is effective in accelerating recovery for post-sectio caesarean mothers. This intervention helps reduce pain, improve circulation, strengthen muscles, and enhance psychological adaptation. Early mobilization should be applied as part of routine nursing interventions in the postpartum ward.

Sectio caesarean surgery is a surgical procedure that can effectively prevent ma- ternal and newborn deaths when used for reasons of medical indications. Post operative sectio caesarean can pose several risks of complications, one of which is pain and surgical wound infection. Non pharmacological approach aromatherapy as a complementary therapy to reduce postpartum pain. This case study aims to analyze the influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in post sectio caesarean mothers by using the case study method pre and post test. The case study was carried out in 25 May 2025 – 07 June 2025. This type of case study is descriptive with the number of subjects used, namely three post partum mothers in the RSUD Batang private sector with pain assessment using a questionnaire Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results of the case study showed a change in pain intensity from a scale of 6-7 to a scale of 4-5. This shows an influence aromatherapy lavender on reducing pain levels in postpartum mothers caesarean section Giving innovation aromatherapy can be used as an independent nursing in- tervention so that it can be applied to patients regularly.