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This study aims to analyze the implementation of integrity and ethics among Civil Servants (ASN) in public service delivery at the 5 Ilir Subdistrict Office in Palembang City. The 5 Ilir area, which is located in an urban setting with high population density and dynamic socio-economic activities, requires subdistrict officials to provide fast, responsive, and citizen-oriented services. The study adopts a qualitative approach using purposive sampling, designating the Head of the Subdistrict as the key informant. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation of administrative service processes, and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method to identify practices, values, and mechanisms related to the enforcement of integrity and ethics in public services. The results indicate that the implementation of integrity and ethics at the 5 Ilir Subdistrict Office is reflected in transparent standard operating procedures, an open queuing system, routine briefings, internal and external supervision mechanisms, and responsive leadership in addressing community issues, including the resolution of social conflicts and flood mitigation. The existence of a legal aid post further strengthens public access to justice. The enforcement of integrity is not merely normative but is systematically implemented through regulations, organizational culture, and oversight mechanisms. This study recommends strengthening the digitalization of public services as a strategy to enhance transparency, accountability, and service quality at the subdistrict level.

This research aims to analyze the consistency of judges' legal reasoning in deciding land ownership disputes and its implications for the fulfillment of the principle of legal certainty. The primary focus of this study is directed at Decision Number 16/PDT/2020/PT PLG, where differences in legal perception or evidentiary evaluation occurred at the appellate level. Land disputes are a crucial issue that requires legal firmness to avoid uncertainty for justice seekers. The research method used is normative legal research with a case approach and a statutory approach. Data were sourced from secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the consistency of the judges' reasoning in Decision Number 16/PDT/2020/PT PLG depends heavily on the accuracy of assessing evidence, particularly documentary evidence (certificates) and witness testimony. Inconsistency between factual considerations and the application of legal norms has the potential to undermine the principle of legal certainty. This study concludes that strengthening the standards of legal reasoning based on the principle of ex aequo et bono and adherence to civil procedural law is absolutely necessary so that judicial decisions do not only resolve disputes procedurally but also provide certainty of ownership rights for thelitigating parties.

This study aims to critically examine the concept of economic justice proposed by Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Sallam in his work Al-Amwal and to evaluate its relevance to contemporary economic dynamics. The research applies a qualitative approach using a library research method, in which Al-Amwal serves as the primary source, supported by various secondary references related to Islamic economics and theories of distributive justice. The data were analyzed through content analysis to identify Abu Ubaid’s core ideas, followed by a comparative approach to relate his framework to modern economic principles and practices. The findings reveal that Abu Ubaid’s concept of economic justice is both distributive and structural in nature. It not only emphasizes equitable wealth distribution but also highlights the importance of systemic regulation and public policy oriented toward social welfare. Zakat is positioned as a central instrument for wealth redistribution aimed at reducing social inequality and alleviating poverty. Furthermore, the state plays a strategic role in managing public resources transparently and fairly to ensure collective prosperity. Ethical values are also fundamental in economic activities to prevent exploitation, injustice, and imbalance. Overall, Abu Ubaid’s economic thought remains highly relevant in addressing modern challenges, particularly issues of income inequality, social justice, and sustainable development in today’s global economic system.

This study analyzes the concept of al-Kasb in the view of Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani and assesses the relationship between this concept and contemporary work ethics. With the changes in the modern economic system, which emphasize efficiency, objective rationality, and the achievement of optimal results, various ethical conflicts in the professional and business world have become more apparent. The methodology applied in this study is a literature review with a descriptive-analytic approach, through the analysis of classical and contemporary texts to explore the theological, ethical, and social aspects contained in the concept of al-Kasb, and then conceptually compare it with the characteristics of modern work ethics. The findings of this study show that al-Kasb is not only understood as an economic activity aimed at accumulating wealth, but also as a normative guide that integrates the goals of worship, ethical responsibility, and social obligations in the production process. Work activities are viewed as an individual responsibility that supports the practice of worship and as a collective responsibility to maintain social-economic welfare and harmony. Therefore, al-Kasb provides an integrative ethical foundation that has the potential to enrich and strengthen current work ethics by emphasizing values of integrity, justice, and social responsibility in the economic aspects of life.

Social conflicts experienced by indigenous peoples in Yahukimo Regency, Papua Pegunungan, reveal the vulnerability of civilians due to violence, displacement, and weak protection of basic rights in situations of prolonged conflict. These conditions indicate a gap between conflict management policies and the real needs of indigenous peoples for justice, peace, and social recovery. This study aims to analyze the role of the church in responding to social conflicts experienced by indigenous peoples in Yahukimo Regency. This study was conducted using qualitative methods through a descriptive-analytical approach based on literature studies and analysis of the socio-religious context of Papua. This study confirms that the church has a strategic role as an agent of peace and a prophetic voice in defending the dignity and rights of indigenous peoples amid social conflict. The results of the study show that the church's involvement in pastoral counseling, humanitarian advocacy, and peace awareness building contributes to strengthening the social resilience of indigenous peoples. The study concludes that the role of the church needs to be directed in a more contextual and sustainable manner in order to promote fair and dignified conflict resolution. The recommendations of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening the role of the church in peace dialogue and cross-stakeholder cooperation for the social recovery of indigenous peoples in Yahukimo.

Industrial development in Indonesia has significantly contributed to national economic growth; however, it also poses potential risks of environmental pollution when corporate waste management is not conducted properly. Environmental pollution resulting from corporate waste activities may cause harm to surrounding communities, including health problems, ecosystem degradation, as well as material and immaterial losses. In this context, the class action mechanism serves as a relevant legal instrument to collectively advocate for the rights of affected communities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the class action mechanism in environmental pollution cases based on Decision Number 29/Pdt.G/2023/PN.Skh and to evaluate its effectiveness in providing legal protection and restoring the rights of affected communities. This research employs normative legal research using statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The findings indicate that the class action mechanism in the aforementioned decision fulfilled the requirements of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation as regulated under Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 1 of 2002. Procedurally, the class action proved effective in enhancing access to justice, ensuring judicial efficiency, and strengthening the protection of the constitutional right to a good and healthy environment. However, its substantive effectiveness remains dependent on the fulfillment of formal requirements, the quality of evidence presented, and the consistent application of environmental law principles by judges. Therefore, the class action mechanism constitutes an important instrument in environmental law enforcement, yet it requires consistent regulatory support and judicial practice to achieve optimal ecological justice.

This study analyzes the juridical issues related to the implementation of criminal sanctions below the statutory minimum, as reflected in Cassation Decision Number 7853/K/Pid.Sus/2024. The focus of this research centers on the tension between the rigid provisions of Article 111 paragraph (1) of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics and the reality of judicial practice, which often deviates from these provisions. This phenomenon raises debates regarding the extent to which the principle of legality can be compromised in pursuit of justice without undermining the pillar of legal certainty within Indonesia’s criminal justice system. Using a normative legal research method with a statutory and case study approach, this study qualitatively analyzes judges’ considerations. The findings indicate that, although the policy of imposing sentences below the minimum carries the risk of creating legal uncertainty, the Supreme Court in this case reinterpreted the principle of legality. Judges tend to prioritize proportionality and substantive justice to avoid purely mechanical punishment. The study concludes that, while judicial discretion represents a concrete expression of judicial independence, such practice requires clearer normative parameters. Without explicit regulation, deviations from the statutory minimum risk widening disparities in judicial decisions. Therefore, standardized sentencing guidelines are necessary to preserve legal integrity while maintaining a sense of justice for defendants.

This study analyzes the construction and contestation of the “green development” narrative within Indonesia’s nickel downstreaming policy, particularly in the Sulawesi region. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, the study examines how the state and corporations form a discursive coalition that dominates the policy space, as well as how counter-narratives from civil society critique the social and ecological impacts of mining expansion. The findings show that the dominant narrative emphasizes energy transition and economic growth, while overlooking agrarian conflicts, pollution, and the marginalization of local communities. A crosstab analysis of five types of policy documents indicates that public involvement remains very limited, with the majority of policy formulation processes taking place without substantive participation. This condition reveals an imbalance in the deliberative structure and the exclusion of meaning within the policy process. The study concludes that the green development narrative in nickel policy has functioned as a political-economic instrument of legitimation that sacrifices ecological justice. Institutional reform is therefore required to ensure spaces for public participation and recognition of local community narratives as part of a just and sustainable energy transition.

The phenomenon of adolescent suicide is a significant and increasing mental health problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by complex social, psychological, and economic pressures. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Pancasila Education in efforts to prevent adolescent suicide cases. The method used is a literature review by analyzing and synthesizing national and international scientific articles published from 2021 to 2025. This study is not yet applied; it only aims to build a theoretical construct regarding the contribution of Pancasila values ​​to adolescent mental health. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila values, namely the values ​​of divinity, humanity, unity, deliberation, and social justice, can build spirituality, empathy, social bonds, communication skills, and a sense of justice in adolescents. The implementation of these values ​​in the character learning process can foster mental resilience, social awareness, and life expectancy, thus Pancasila Education has relevance as a preventive strategy in supporting the prevention of suicide cases in adolescents.

This research is driven by the increasing strength of religion-based identity politics in Indonesia’s post-reform electoral democracy, which creates a dilemma between legitimate political competition and threats to interfaith harmony. The problem formulation of this study concerns how identity politics challenges religious harmony and to what extent harmony can serve as an instrument to reduce polarization and reinforce democratic consolidation. The research questions focus on two main aspects: (1) how the dynamics of harmony are tested by the exploitation of religious issues within electoral contests, and (2) how harmonization strategies can function as social capital in maintaining democratic stability. Using a qualitative approach with a juridical-normative and socio-political framework, this study relies on a literature review involving laws and regulations, court decisions, official state documents, and national and international academic works, combined with content analysis of religiously nuanced political narratives in media and public discourse. The findings indicate that harmony is not a natural social condition but a socio-political construction that is vulnerable to instrumentalization by electoral interests. FKUB and harmony-related regulations tend to remain normative and less effective in the absence of substantive justice. Nonetheless, harmony still holds potential as strategic capital for democracy if it is developed through a framework of justice, religious political literacy, and inclusive democratic governance.

This study aims to analyze the position of statutory regulations as the main limiting framework for administrative discretion in Indonesian administrative law, particularly after the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The main issue examined is the normative shift caused by the removal of the requirement that discretion must not contradict statutory regulations, which potentially weakens legal certainty and judicial control. This research uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory and conceptualization approach, and is supported by the theory of discretionary justice, balance of legal objectives, and good governance. The findings indicate that the elimination of formal legality requirements transforms discretion from a legally constrained authority into a broader administrative freedom, increasing the risk of abuse of power and weakening the objective standards of judicial review in administrative courts. The study concludes that such a shift undermines the core principles of the rule of law and necessitates constitutional review to restore legal certainty, accountability, and effective judicial oversight.

This research explores the narrative of Cain and Abel in Genesis 4:1-16 to dissect the concepts of sin and moral responsibility within a modern Christian context. Amidst the rising tide of individualism and "bystander culture," ethical responsibility toward others is often neglected behind religious formalities. Utilizing a qualitative method with a biblical exegesis approach, this study analyzes narrative structures, the personification of sin, and the dynamics of the dialogue between God and Cain. The findings indicate that sin in this text is understood as a relational failure and a failure of self-mastery, where humans possess the moral authority to conquer destructive impulses. Cain's rhetorical question, “Am I my brother’s keeper?”, is identified as a form of moral erosion leading to social and ecological alienation. However, God’s provision of a “mark” for Cain affirms that divine justice is always accompanied by the grace of providence. This research concludes that moral responsibility is a fundamental essence of humanity that demands the integration of ritual piety and social integrity. These findings are expected to serve as an ethical framework for academic and ecclesiastical communities, particularly in restoring the commitment to be “keepers” of one another amidst contemporary moral crises.

This study uses an integrated analysis of positive law and Islamic law at Polres Bungo to investigate the reconstruction of sanctions for juvenile offenders during the investigation stage. Empirical trends suggest a procedural and administrative orientation that may restrict substantive rehabilitation, even though Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act) formally adopts restorative justice, diversion, and the best interests of the child as guiding principles. Using a multidisciplinary approach that integrates statutory, theological-normative (shar‘i), and historical considerations, this study uses a normative qualitative design based on library research. The theoretical framework incorporates maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as a normative evaluation instrument, legal effectiveness theory, and punishment theories. The findings reveal a conceptual convergence between Indonesian positive law and Islamic criminal jurisprudence in differentiating criminal responsibility based on maturity and prioritizing rehabilitation over retribution. There are still differences, nevertheless, when it comes to age criteria and the classification of sanctions: Islamic law places more emphasis on moral and biological maturity (baligh and tamyīz), whereas positive law focuses on strict legislative boundaries. The predominance of formal legality over psychosocial assessment at the investigative level runs the risk of undermining rehabilitative goals. In order to maintain proportionality and child protection, this study suggests a reconstructive paradigm that operationalizes maqāṣid-based principles, combines thorough psychological evaluation, and improves diversion measures. In addition to realistically advancing the creation of a more equitable, rehabilitative, and child-centered investigative framework, the research theoretically advances the conversation about harmonizing state and Islamic law.

Divorce gives rise to various legal consequences relating to the status of the parties, marital property, and the rights and obligations toward children, thereby requiring a legal mechanism that ensures legal certainty, justice, and legal protection. In practice, the parties often express their intention to divorce in the form of a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed drawn up before a notary. This study aims to analyze the legal standing and evidentiary strength of a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed as evidence in divorce cases decided by default judgment (verstek). The research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a case approach, focusing on the Decision of the Ngawi Religious Court Number 425/Pdt.G/2023, through a literature review of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed executed in the form of a notarial deed constitutes an authentic deed with perfect evidentiary value as written evidence in divorce proceedings. Although it cannot directly result in the dissolution of marriage, the deed is relevant to prove the existence of an agreement between the parties and the condition of a marital relationship that has irretrievably broken down. In cases decided by default judgment, the deed becomes an important basis for judicial consideration in granting the divorce petition. The implications of this study emphasize that a Pre-Divorce Agreement Deed may be lawfully and proportionately used as evidence to support the proof of grounds for divorce and to realize legal certainty in judicial proceedings.

Production is a fundamental component of economic activity that plays a strategic role in achieving human well-being. From an Islamic economic perspective, production is understood not only as a technical process aimed at creating or increasing the utility value of goods and services, but also as a manifestation of human responsibility as leaders on this earth. Using an Islamic economic interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an and hadith, this study aims to examine the concept of production in depth from an Islamic economic perspective. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this research technique utilizes a literature review to examine Islamic economic literature and relevant interpretations, in addition to primary sources such as the Qur'an and hadith. The results show that the Qur'an and hadith provide a framework for production that integrates moral, social, and spiritual values ​​into economic activities, utilizes natural resources optimally and sustainably, and produces halal goods and services. Along with material gain, Islamic manufacturing aims to promote social justice, individual well-being, and ecological harmony. Therefore, the concept of production from an Islamic economic perspective makes economic activity a form of worship and a tool for developing well-being that adheres to the principles of Islamic law.

In Indonesia, illegal gold mining (PETI) is still a persistent environmental crime, especially in resource-rich areas like Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The efficacy of local law enforcement is still in doubt, despite the fact that Article 158 of the modified Mining Law (Law No. 3 of 2020) offers a solid legal foundation for criminal penalties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of criminal law enforcement in Bungo Regency against PETI from the standpoint of Islamic law based on maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This study uses a juridical-empirical approach, combining pertinent court rulings, field data from law enforcement, and normative legal analysis. The results show that although legal measures like arrests and convictions have been carried out, they have not had a major deterrent effect. The overall effect of enforcement operations is weakened by structural issues, such as the economic dependence of local populations, the scarcity of alternative livelihoods, and the difficulties of prosecuting informal financiers. According to maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, illicit mining is incompatible with the defense of basic principles, especially the preservation of life (ḥifḍ al-nafs), property (ḥifṢ al-māl), and environmental sustainability. The study comes to the conclusion that effective law enforcement necessitates an integrated strategy that combines preventive and rehabilitative tactics, such as economic empowerment, legal awareness campaigns, and regular supervision, with repressive measures. A more equitable, long-lasting, and socially conscious form of environmental criminal law enforcement is provided by combining positive law with the ethical framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.

The phenomenon of mafqud (missing heirs) creates complex legal issues within Islamic inheritance law, particularly regarding the realization of justice and legal certainty in the distribution of estate assets. This study examines the legal position of mafqud as a temporary impediment in inheritance allocation and analyzes the procedural mechanisms applied by religious courts in determining mafqud status. Employing a normative juridical method, this research relies on primary legal materials, including the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh references, and relevant judicial decisions, supported by secondary materials such as academic books and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that mafqud serves as a temporary barrier to inheritance distribution, requiring careful judicial assessment to ensure the protection of all heirs’ rights while remaining consistent with Islamic legal principles and the applicable national legal system. Therefore, structured and systematic procedures implemented by religious courts play an essential role in guaranteeing both justice and legal certainty in inheritance disputes involving mafqud.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Jambi Regional Police in enforcing criminal law in the digital era, particularly in addressing online gambling offences, from the perspective of Islamic law. The rapid development of information technology has transformed crime from physical spaces into cyberspace, characterised by anonymity, speed, and transnational reach, thereby requiring adaptive law enforcement strategies. This research adopts a qualitative juridical-empirical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officers at the Jambi Regional Police, analysis of case documents, and examination of relevant legal frameworks, particularly Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). The findings reveal that the Jambi Regional Police have implemented several strategic measures in combating digital crimes, including cyber patrols, digital forensic investigations, seizure of electronic evidence, and inter-agency coordination. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of law enforcement remains constrained by technological limitations, complex digital evidence requirements, the transnational nature of cybercrime, and limited public digital legal awareness. From an Islamic law perspective, police actions against online gambling align with the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), property (ḥifẓ al-māl), and intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql). This study concludes that while digital criminal law enforcement by the Jambi Regional Police is fundamentally appropriate, it requires strengthened institutional capacity, integration of Islamic legal values, and adaptive policy reforms to enhance effectiveness and substantive justice.

In the era of globalization, children are exposed to a social environment influenced by external factors such as social media, advertising, and a consumer culture, all of which can promote a materialistic lifestyle. Consequently, financial literacy education has become essential to equip children with the necessary skills to manage their finances effectively. Beginning with a simple understanding of accounting, children can learn fundamental concepts of money management, financial decision-making, and planning. However, many young children still lack access to this vital education. Various learning methods and media, including loose parts, storytelling, and interactive educational tools, can be utilized to foster financial understanding. Additionally, this education promotes important social concepts like sharing, charity, and the responsibility of managing finances to help others. It integrates Islamic principles, emphasizing values such as honesty, justice, transparency, and the avoidance of usury. Through these principles, children are not only taught how to manage their personal finances but also how to contribute to society. By implementing financial literacy education at an early age, we can help children grow into informed, ethical, and responsible leaders in the future. This education is crucial for ensuring they make sound financial choices and contribute positively to their communities.

Domestic violence (DV) remains a complex legal and social problem, threatening family stability and human dignity. Although Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence provides strict sanctions, conventional punishment methods are often considered ineffective in restoring damaged social relationships within families. This study examines the implementation of restorative justice in resolving domestic violence cases within the Bungo Police jurisdiction, from the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. This study uses an empirical legal approach and a sociological perspective, with primary data collected through interviews with investigators from the Women and Children Protection Unit (PPA), as well as secondary data from laws, police regulations, and related academic literature. The results show that restorative justice has been applied to several domestic violence cases during the investigation stage through mediation and peace agreements between the parties involved. This method helps reduce the backlog of cases, accelerates dispute resolution, and maintains family social stability. However, challenges remain, such as the possibility of re-victimization due to the imbalance of power between victims and perpetrators. From an Islamic legal perspective, restorative justice is in line with the principles of ta'zīr and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, especially the preservation of human dignity, life and offspring. By guaranteeing the protection of victims and preventing repeated violence, restorative justice can be an additional mechanism in cases of domestic violence.