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This study aims to analyze the implementation of good governance principles in digital population administration services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict from the perspective of Administrative Law. The background of this research is based on the importance of digital transformation in public services through the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) to enhance transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, in practice, several obstacles are still encountered, such as limited infrastructure, network disruptions, and limited human resources. This research employs an empirical legal research method with both empirical and statutory approaches. Data were collected through field research, including interviews with subdistrict officials and the community, as well as library research involving laws, regulations, and relevant literature. The data were analyzed qualitatively to examine the conformity between the implementation of services and the principles of good governance and general principles of good administration (AUPB). The results show that the implementation of good governance principles in digital population services in Medan Marelan Subdistrict has not been fully optimal. This is indicated by challenges in information transparency, system effectiveness, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Nevertheless, digital services have provided convenience for the community in accessing population administration services. In conclusion, improvements in human resources quality, technological infrastructure, and the strengthening of supervision and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to achieve public services that align with good governance principles.

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is recognized as one of the horticultural commodities with significant economic value and an important contribution to food security in Indonesia. However, conventional cultivation practices still face various challenges, including limited land availability, climate uncertainty, and disturbances from plant pests and diseases. These conditions highlight the need for the implementation of innovative technologies to improve production efficiency while maintaining yield stability. One approach that has been increasingly developed is the hydroponic system, a cultivation technique that does not rely on soil as a growing medium but instead utilizes nutrient solutions as the primary source of essential elements. This article aims to examine various aspects of hydroponic chili cultivation, including the roles and benefits of the plant, different types of hydroponic systems, abiotic and biotic stress factors, and cultivation management strategies. Based on the review conducted, hydroponic systems, when supported by optimal nutrient management and environmental conditions, are capable of enhancing both the yield and quality of chili plants. Therefore, the development of hydroponic-based chili cultivation is considered to have promising prospects as a solution to support sustainable agriculture in the future.

 This community service activity aimed to improve students’ Islamic banking literacy through an experiential learning approach based on a fiqh muamalah workshop at Latansa Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Palembang. The activity involved 100 participants consisting of students and teachers as an effort to strengthen understanding of Islamic economic and banking principles. The methods used in the activity included lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and simulations of sharia transaction practices, enabling participants not only to gain theoretical understanding but also practical experience in implementing sharia concepts. The evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test instruments in the form of multiple-choice questions and Likert scales to measure participants’ level of understanding before and after the activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in the participants’ average score from 55 to 82, with a gain score of 0.6, which falls into the moderate to high category. These findings indicate that an experience-based learning approach is effective in improving conceptual and practical understanding related to Islamic economics and is recommended for broader implementation in Islamic educational institutions.

This study aimed to improve students’ learning motivation and Indonesian language learning outcomes in Class IVA of SD Negeri Kradenan through the use of Quizizz as a learning medium. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design developed by Suharsimi Arikunto. The participants consisted of Class IVA students and the Indonesian language teacher at SD Negeri Kradenan. The study was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and achievement tests. The research instruments included interview guidelines, observation sheets, and learning outcome tests. The results indicated a significant improvement in students’ learning motivation across several indicators, including enthusiasm for learning, willingness to listen to the teacher’s explanations, confidence in answering questions, and willingness to complete practice exercises. The average achievement of all learning motivation indicators reached 88% by the end of the second cycle. Furthermore, students’ learning outcomes also improved substantially. Learning mastery increased from 37.5% in the pre-cycle stage to 58.3% in Cycle I and reached 83.3% in Cycle II. These findings demonstrate that the use of Quizizz in Indonesian language learning effectively enhances students’ learning motivation, which subsequently contributes to improved learning outcomes.

The development of information technology has encouraged the transformation of government administration toward digital-based governance, including correspondence management systems. Digital correspondence governance plays an important role in improving administrative effectiveness, bureaucratic efficiency, and the quality of public services. However, the implementation of digital correspondence systems in local government institutions still faces several challenges, including limited system integration, inadequate human resource capacity, and unstandardized electronic archive management. This study aims to analyze and construct a digital correspondence governance model in realizing administrative effectiveness at Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Kabupaten Gowa. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques, while data analysis employed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of digital correspondence governance has improved the speed of document disposition, administrative efficiency, accessibility of documents, and organizational work coordination. However, the implementation has not been fully optimal due to constraints in system integration, human resource capacity, and digital archive management. This study produced a digital correspondence governance model emphasizing the strengthening of information technology, enhancement of employee competence, integration of administrative systems, and development of a digital work culture. It is recommended that government institutions strengthen the integration of digital correspondence systems, improve employee competencies, and establish sustainable electronic archive management standards.

Churches and Christian institutions frequently face the challenge of congregations whose understanding of ministry remains confined to the spiritual dimension alone, while the holistic ministry mandate calls for active engagement across social, educational, and economic spheres. This study examines two primary objectives: first, how Christian Religious Education (CRE) shapes congregational understanding of holistic church ministry; and second, how CRE equips congregants with the concrete capacity to serve comprehensively. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed at Yayasan Sola Gratia Medan. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven informants comprising foundation leaders, program coordinators, active church members, volunteers, and beneficiaries. Analysis followed a thematic framework encompassing data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that: (1) consistent CRE implementation at Yayasan Sola Gratia has successfully shifted the congregational ministry paradigm from exclusively spiritual to holistically transformative; and (2) congregants who have internalized CRE values demonstrate more structured ministry capacity, stronger theological motivation, and significant cross-dimensional engagement. This research contributes a contextual CRE model relevant for church-based institutions operating in multidimensional urban environments.

This study examines the regulation of copyright royalties as joint property in Indonesia, the United States, and Europe, aiming to provide recommendations for better legal implementation. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative legal approach, utilizing library research and qualitative analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that Indonesia, the United States, and Europe share common ground in recognizing royalties derived from copyright as joint property when such economic benefits are obtained during marriage. However, significant differences exist in their approaches. European countries, particularly Spain and the Republic of Moldova, clearly distinguish between exclusive rights and economic rights, where copyright remains the creator's personal property while royalties are classified as joint property. The United States demonstrates considerable flexibility through state-level regulations, adopting either community property systems or equitable distribution systems. Indonesia, through Decision No. 1622/PDT.G/2023/PA.JB, has begun recognizing royalties as joint property. Nevertheless, Indonesia still requires clearer and more comprehensive regulations to ensure legal certainty regarding the status of royalties as joint property and their distribution following divorce. This study contributes to developing legal frameworks that balance protecting creators' personal rights with the principle of fairness in family law.

Magelang City faces the challenge of limited land availability, with a total area of only 18.58 km2 and a high population density. Consequently, telecommunications infrastructure development requires a precise strategy. This study aims to analyze the business model and investment feasibility of Pole and Greenfield type telecommunication towers in Magelang City. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this research processes secondary data from PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi Indonesia by applying feasibility analysis based on Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Break-Even Point (BEP), Payback Period (PP), and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The results indicate significant differences in cost structures; Pole towers proved to be more efficient, requiring an initial capital outlay of only 28.8% of the total capital required for Greenfield towers. Greenfield towers generated an NPV of Rp13.07 billion with an IRR of 20%, while Pole towers generated an NPV of Rp2.46 billion with a higher IRR of 23%. Pole towers have proven to offer a faster return on investment and better operational cost efficiency, making them the most strategic option to support network densification and the implementation of 5G technology in urban areas with spatial constraints like Magelang City.

Indonesia’s multicultural diversity poses serious challenges in maintaining social harmony, marked by increasing cases of intolerance driven by differences in ethnicity, religion, and culture. Education, particularly civics (PPKn), plays a strategic role in instilling tolerance values from an early age. This study aims to analyze the strategies used by elementary school teachers in cultivating tolerance attitudes through PPKn  learning, identify the implementation of tolerance values in classroom activities and student social interactions, and reveal the challenges faced by teachers along with effective and contextual learning strategies. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, collecting data from accredited scientific journals published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from databases including google scholar, DOAJ, and sinta- indexed journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with source triangulation appliet to ensure validity. The findings reveal that affective teachers employ a holistic approach encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, consistent with Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Teachers serve not only as knowledge transmitters but also as moral role models, as supported by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Implementation is carried out through three channels: intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities. Key challenges include dominance of cognitive approaches, limited understanding of multicultural education, and negative influencesof social media. This study implies the urgent need for continuous professional training for PPKn teachers, differentiated and inclusive learning design, and active collaboration between schools and families to strengthen the internalization of tolerance values in elementary school students.

This research aims to analyze the implications of the transition in lease accounting standards to PSAK 73 on tax efficiency levels and net income structures within the retail industry, focusing on PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk as case studies. Employing a descriptive quantitative method, this research compares financial statement data from the 2017-2024 period to evaluate shifts before and after the regulation's enforcement. The results reveal that the implementation of PSAK 73 successfully improved corporate tax efficiency, characterized by a decrease in the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) below the statutory corporate tax rate. This was achieved by leveraging temporary differences that resulted in the recognition of deferred tax assets, providing a strategic advantage in the form of tax deferral. On the other hand, the application of this standard caused significant pressure on net profit during the initial transition phase due to the front-loading expense pattern derived from right-of-use asset depreciation and lease liability interest.

The digital transformation of the Indonesian judicial system through the implementation of e-court and e-litigation necessitates a redefinition of conventional evidentiary laws, which have historically been governed by the Herziene Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and the Rechtreglement voor de Buitengewesten (RBg). This research aims to analyze the evidentiary strength of electronic documents as expanded means of proof in civil proceedings and to identify the challenges regarding their implementation. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that based on the principle of functional equivalence, electronic documents hold a legal status equivalent to paper-based documents, provided they meet the requirements of integrity, accessibility, and authenticity through certified electronic signatures as mandated by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The evidentiary strength of an electronic document may reach the level of conclusive evidence, similar to an authentic deed, if supported by a reliable electronic system. However, implementation still faces technical hurdles concerning metadata verification and limited human resource competency within the judiciary. This research recommends the urgent need for a new codification of civil procedural law and the standardization of digital forensic procedures in trials to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties in the digital era.

This study examines the foundational framework and evolving dynamics of Indonesian civil procedural law (Hukum Acara Perdata) amid its transformation from colonial legal heritage toward a modern, digitalized justice system. Using normative-doctrinal legal research methodology combined with empirical court statistics from 2022–2024, the study analyzes four dimensions: (1) core procedural principles rooted in the HIR and RBg; (2) the mandatory mediation framework under PERMA No. 1 of 2016; (3) the evolution of evidence law toward electronic evidence under the amended UU ITE (Law No. 1 of 2024); and (4) mechanisms of judicial decisions and legal remedies. Findings show that e-court implementation has dramatically increased efficiency minutasi productivity rose from 64.35% (2022) to 96.50% (2024)—while 594,816 users registered through e-court by 2023. The study concludes that Indonesia’s civil procedural law is actively adapting to technological disruption, though structural challenges such as digital inequality, electronic evidence authentication gaps, and regulatory harmonization remain unresolved.

This study examines teachers’ strategies in instilling citizenship values among students to develop democratic character and social responsibility. The background of this study is rooted in the increasing need to strengthen students’ civic awareness and character in the face of rapid social and technological changes. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze effective strategies used by teachers in integrating citizenship values into the learning process. This study employs a library research method by analyzing various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and scholarly articles related to citizenship education and character development. The findings indicate that effective strategies include student-centered learning approaches, the integration of character education into civic education, the use of inquiry-based learning methods, and the utilization of technology to enhance student engagement. Additionally, extracurricular activities and a democratic classroom environment play a significant role in reinforcing students’ understanding and application of citizenship values. These strategies contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking, participation skills, and social awareness. The implications of this study suggest that teachers need to continuously innovate and adapt their teaching strategies to meet the evolving needs of students and societal demands. Furthermore, educational institutions should provide adequate support and resources to optimize the implementation of citizenship education in fostering responsible and democratic citizens.

The rapid growth of digital commerce has encouraged companies to integrate digital and physical marketing channels to create seamless and consistent customer experiences. This study aims to analyze the role of integrated marketing channels through omnichannel strategies, the utilization of Artificial intelligence (AI), and their impact on customer experience in the context of digital commerce. The study employs a Systematic literature review (SLR) approach by examining relevant scholarly articles related to omnichannel marketing, AI technologies, and customer experience. The findings indicate that integrated marketing channels supported by AI enhance service personalization, customer engagement, operational efficiency, and the quality of interactions between companies and customers. Furthermore, the implementation of omnichannel strategies contributes to higher customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing a more connected experience across multiple customer touchpoints. However, the implementation of integrated marketing channels still faces several challenges, including fragmented channel integration, technological complexity, high investment requirements, and concerns regarding customer data privacy and security. Therefore, effective management of integrated marketing channels is essential for improving customer experience while creating sustainable competitive advantages for companies in an increasingly dynamic digital era.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.

Bullying is a serious problem that can disrupt the learning process and mental development of students, including in Islamic boarding schools. Early detection of bullying is essential to creating a safe and conducive learning environment. This study aims to apply the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to automatically detect bullying through video recordings in the environment of the SMK Skill Village Islamic School Business Boarding School. The method used involves collecting a video dataset representing various types of bullying behavior, labeling the data, and training an object detection model using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The developed system is capable of detecting and classifying bullying behavior in real- time with detection accuracy reaching [accuracy value if known]. The implementation of this system is expected to assist school authorities and boarding school administrators in monitoring, preventing, and addressing bullying incidents more quickly and effectively, while also serving as an initial step in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to create a safer and more comfortable educational environment.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

The era of globalization presents challenges of moral degradation among students, including intolerance, individualism, and declining nationalism. These issues make character strengthening through Civic Education (PKn) a national priority. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PKn in shaping students’ character, particularly the values of religiosity, nationalism, independence, mutual cooperation, and integrity. The research employed a qualitative Library research design using secondary data from 18 scientific journals and 2 books published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through literature review and analyzed using content and thematic analysis to identify patterns of PKn implementation and its impact. The findings indicate that PKn effectively develops Good citizenship through character education based on Pancasila. Effective strategies include teacher role modeling, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and digital media such as infographics and gamification. These approaches were reported to improve empathy, national loyalty, and integrity among students. The Merdeka Curriculum further supports character development by emphasizing affective learning through authentic projects. Challenges arising from foreign cultural influences can be addressed through collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The study concludes that PKn plays a significant role in strengthening students’ character and supporting the realization of Golden Indonesia 2045 through sustainable character education.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases encountered in primary healthcare and may lead to serious complications if left uncontrolled. This case report aims to describe the management of a 48-year-old female patient with grade II hypertension through a family medicine approach at Nisam Primary Health Center, North Aceh Regency. The patient presented with intermittent headaches for one week, which worsened after physical activity and were accompanied by numbness in both legs. She had a five-year history of hypertension with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 165/70 mmHg, leading to a diagnosis of grade II hypertension. Comprehensive management was conducted using patient-centered and family-centered approaches, including education regarding hypertension, lifestyle modification, DASH diet implementation, physical activity, medication adherence, and family support through home visits and family folders. The interventions were expected to improve blood pressure control, prevent complications, and enhance the patient’s quality of life. A family medicine approach plays an important role in comprehensive hypertension management at the primary healthcare level.

This research was designed to explore the extent to which public beliefs influence the implementation of Digital traceability  systems in the halal industrial sector. The approach used was quantitative with a survey method, where questionnaires were distributed to 60 respondents who were consumers of halal products in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression via Microsoft Excel. Research findings indicate that public confidence has a positive and significant influence on the adoption of Digital traceability  systems, with a regression coefficient of 0.476 and a significance level of 0.000 (<0.05). In addition, the coefficient of determination (R Square) value of 0.219 indicates that public confidence contributes 21.9% to the implementation of the Digital traceability  system, while the rest is determined by other factors that were not researched. These findings confirm that public trust is an important element in encouraging acceptance of digital technology, especially in the halal industry which relies heavily on transparency and consumer confidence. Thus, implementing a Digital traceability  system that is supported by information openness and easy access to technology can be an effective strategy to strengthen consumer trust while expanding technology adoption.