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This research investigates how digital transformation contributes to innovation in public services as part of the move toward smart governance. The study employs a literature review approach by evaluating a variety of pertinent materials, which include global journals, scholarly books, and official publications from the years 2018 to 2025. Results show that digital transformation notably enhances the quality of public services regarding their efficiency, effectiveness, openness, and ease of access. The incorporation of technologies like e-government platforms, mobile apps, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis allows governments to provide services that are quicker and more responsive. Additionally, digital platforms foster public involvement by offering means for communication and participation in decision-making activities. Despite these advancements, there are still several obstacles to overcome, such as the digital divide, insufficient infrastructure, low levels of digital skills, and resistance to change within bureaucracy. These issues emphasize the need for cohesive strategies that include investment in technology, development of human resources, and regulatory assistance. The study concludes that digital transformation is vital for achieving smart governance; however, its effectiveness relies on the preparedness of infrastructure, institutions, and society to embrace digital advancements.

Global business environmental uncertainty, triggered by "Black Swan" phenomena, demands that organizations transform beyond passive resilience toward anti-fragility capabilities, where Human Resource (HR) systems actually grow stronger through market disruptions. This study aims to analyze the concept of anti-fragility within organizational leadership, explain the role of transformational leadership in shaping anti-fragile employees, and identify organizational strategies for navigating market uncertainty. The approach employed is a narrative literature review using content analysis techniques across various reputable scientific journals, anti-fragility theory, and organizational case studies such as Disney+, Zoom, and Tractor Supply. Research findings indicate that transformational leadership acts as a primary catalyst that builds anti-fragility through intellectual stimulation, decentralized autonomy, and the creation of a culture that learns from failure. Organizational strategies prioritizing resource flexibility, cross-skilling, and optionality have proven effective in converting crisis stressors into opportunities for innovation and performance growth. The contribution of this article lies in the development of an "Anti-Fragile Leadership" conceptual framework that integrates the philosophical principles of anti-fragility into strategic HRM practices. The practical implications provide a guide for organizational leaders to design work systems that are adaptive and proactive toward market volatility, ensuring that organizations not only survive but thrive from chaos.

The development of globalization, digital technology, and social change has influenced the way young people understand and live out their faith. Secularism tends to place religion in the private sphere, so that religious values do not always become the basis for decision-making in daily life. This study aims to analyze the challenges of secularism to the formation of the identity of Catholic youth in the modern era and to formulate relevant religious education responses in addressing these dynamics. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method that examines various scientific literature, Church documents, and research findings related to the phenomenon of secularism and the formation of the religious identity of Catholic youth. The results of the study indicate that secularism has a complex impact on the faith life of young people, including decreased participation in Church activities, the emergence of individualistic attitudes, and the tendency to view religion merely as a formal identity. However, on the other hand, the modern era also opens opportunities for young people to develop their faith creatively through the use of digital technology and involvement in faith communities. Therefore, Catholic religious education and pastoral accompaniment that are dialogical, contextual, and participatory are very important in helping Catholic youth integrate their faith into daily life. This study is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions for educators and pastoral ministers in fostering the faith identity of Catholic youth in modern society.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the geopolitical conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran in 2026 on global macroeconomic stability and climate change dynamics. Using a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from various international journal articles, reports, and academic sources. The results indicate that the conflict has significantly disrupted global energy markets, leading to a sharp increase in oil and gas prices. This energy shock has triggered global inflationary pressures, reduced purchasing power, and increased economic uncertainty across both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, monetary tightening policies implemented to control inflation have created trade-offs with economic growth, increasing the risk of global recession. On the fiscal side, government interventions such as energy subsidies have helped mitigate short-term impacts but have raised concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability. In addition, the energy crisis has slowed the transition toward renewable energy, thereby exacerbating climate change risks. The study highlights the interconnectedness between geopolitical conflict, macroeconomic instability, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, coordinated global policies and integrated economic strategies are essential to address these multidimensional challenges effectively.

Food and beverage companies must maintain a robust capital structure to compete effectively amidst the intense pressures of globalization and achieve their strategic objectives. This study aims to examine the impact of profitability, asset structure, company size, and solvency on the capital structure of food and beverage firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and included in the LQ45 index. This study uses an explanatory method with purposive sampling technique, where samples are determined based on companies that have completed financial reports during the research period and are indexed in LQ45. Data analysis was performed using t-tests and F-tests. The results show that profitability (ROA), asset structure, and company size (Ln Total Assets) do not have a significant partial effect on capital structure (DER), meaning that these three factors do not directly influence companies' decisions on the use of debt for financing. However, solvency (DAR) was found to have a significant effect on capital structure, indicating that a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations plays an important role in determining the level of debt used for operational financing. Simultaneously, the four independent variables had a significant effect on capital structure, meaning that all variables together contributed to influencing food and beverage companies' decisions in determining their financing strategies.

Increasingly digitalised and globally integrated market competition demands that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) no longer merely excel in local markets, but are also capable of building sustainable competitiveness in broader markets. Recent literature indicates that innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks are increasingly viewed as strategic determinants of MSME competitiveness, although the relationships between these variables are often examined in isolation and are not always consistent. This study aims to analyse the influence of innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks on the global competitiveness of MSMEs. The research employs an explanatory quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consists of 200 owners or principal managers of SMEs in East Java, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results of the analysis indicate that innovation, digital capabilities, and international networks have a positive and significant influence on the global competitiveness of SMEs. The path coefficient values indicate that digital capabilities are the strongest predictor, followed by international networks and innovation. These findings confirm that strengthening the global competitiveness of MSMEs requires an integrated strategy that links value renewal, digital transformation, and the sustainable development of external networks.

ABSTRACT Hospitals can be established by the Central Government, Regional Government, or the Community. Hospital management organized by the Government can apply the financial management pattern of BLU or BLUD. Hospital independence can be achieved through healthy business processes. The dual role of hospitals as public services and business entities. The commercial health sector is increasingly closely linked to the global health industry. Collaboration between BLU hospitals and private business entities is often manifested in KSO contracts. KSO contracts must contain legal principles (rechtbeginselen) which serve as basic norms and guidelines in the formation or creation of legal regulations. The principle of personality in KSO contracts is important to ensure the parties' performance is balanced. This study uses a normative or doctrinal legal research methodology by examining primary legal sources in the form of KSO contracts between BLU hospitals and private business entities, the Civil Code, and other material laws. A study was also conducted on secondary legal sources in the form of legal materials consisting of books or legal journals regarding legal principles, the views of legal doctrines, and the results of legal research. Keywords : Principle of Personality, Public Service Agency, Operational Cooperation Contract.

The global rise in life expectancy toward the 100-year threshold has accelerated the emergence of the silver economy, significantly affecting organizational leadership structures, particularly in terms of succession stagnation risks and potential loss of institutional knowledge. This study aims to develop a comprehensive longevity leadership strategy to manage senior leaders and optimize leadership succession in the context of demographic transition. The research employs an integrative literature review with thematic analysis of reputable international and national journal articles published within the last five years. The findings reveal that effective longevity leadership strategies emphasize repositioning senior leaders from operational roles to strategic mentors through knowledge-sharing mechanisms and phased retirement approaches. Furthermore, successful succession in an aging workforce depends on role flexibility and the establishment of new psychological contracts that recognize and value the wisdom of senior leaders. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a dynamic succession model that bridges intergenerational gaps. Practically, it offers guidance for human resource practitioners in designing age-inclusive retention strategies and leadership transition policies.Overall, the proposed strategy supports organizational stability while fostering sustainable innovation through the optimal utilization of senior human capital.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis through droplets from patients diagnosed with TB. Based on the Global TB Report 2024, WHO reported that Indonesia ranks second in the world, where 81% of cases were confirmed and 90% of them had received treatment, where there was an increase in the number of cases compared to 2023 with 77% of confirmed cases and 88% of them received treatment. The increase in the number of pulmonary TB cases is inseparable from factors that determine the transmission of M. tb such as the concentration of organisms in the air related to ventilation and the length of time a person inhales contaminated air. To determine the relationship between ventilation conditions and home lighting to the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of ​​the Glugur Darat Health Center in 2025 This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional study design. Sample selection used the consecutive sampling method with 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of the 56 people who met the criteria, 30 people (53.6%) were pulmonary TB sufferers and 26 people (46.4%) were not pulmonary TB sufferers. The majority of respondents were male (38 people) and the highest number was found in the 18-59 age range (48 people) (85.7%). Regarding ventilation conditions, 34 people (60.7%) did not meet adequate ventilation requirements, and 29 homes (51.8%) did not meet adequate lighting requirements. There was a relationship between ventilation conditions and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Glugur Darat Community Health Center work area, but there was no relationship between home lighting and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Glugur Darat Community Health Center work area.

Cloud job-length prediction remains challenging when the target distribution is highly skewed and contains rare extreme values. This study proposes a log-transformed, regime-based machine learning framework for robust prediction of cloud job length, represented in million instructions (MI). The approach integrates sequential feature engineering, logarithmic target transformation, weighted learning, and regime-aware modeling to distinguish between normal and extreme job-length behavior. Using an ordered GoCJ-derived cloud job-length sequence of 1000 jobs, the dataset exhibits a heavy-tailed distribution, with a mean of 129,662 MI, a median of 93,000 MI, a 95th percentile of 525,000 MI, a 99th percentile of 900,000 MI, and a skewness of 3.695. The proposed model is evaluated against sequential baselines and stronger machine learning baselines, including Naive_Last, RollingMean_5, Global_Log_ExtraTrees, RandomForest, GradientBoosting, and MLP_Log. On the main test split, the proposed Regime_Log_ExtraTrees achieved the best RMSE of 206,255.66 and the least negative R² of −0.01062, while Global_Log_ExtraTrees remained competitive in terms of MAE, MedAE, and RMSLE. Additional walk-forward validation confirms that the regime-aware model consistently achieves the best mean RMSE and mean R² across temporal folds. Ablation results further show that regime-aware learning is the primary contributor to robustness, although accurate prediction of extreme jobs remains challenging. These findings indicate that log-transformed, regime-based learning provides a practical and more robust strategy for cloud job-length prediction under heavy-tailed workload conditions.

Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2021 on Investment Business Fields introduces a fundamental transformation in Indonesia’s investment regulatory regime by replacing the previous negative list approach with a positive list system. This regulatory shift significantly affects the structure of investment liberalization, particularly in the industrial sector, which serves as the backbone of the national economy. This study aims to analyze the regulatory changes introduced by Presidential Regulation 10/2021 and examine their juridical and practical implications for the investment climate and industrial business actors. Using a normative juridical method through the analysis of legislation, policy documents, and academic literature, this research finds that the regulation enhances investment openness, expands foreign ownership, simplifies risk-based licensing, and strengthens legal certainty through the classification of priority business fields, mandatory partnerships with cooperatives/MSMEs, and conditioned business categories. However, its implementation still faces challenges, including the harmonization of sectoral regulations, regulatory–political dynamics, and the government’s supervisory capacity. Overall, Presidential Regulation 10/2021 has the potential to strengthen the attractiveness of the industrial sector and its integration into global value chains, yet its effectiveness strongly depends on consistent implementation and cross-sector policy alignment.   Keywords: Presidential Regulation 10/2021, investment regulation, investment liberalization, industrial sector, investment policy.  

The role of ports as crucial nodes in the global supply chain positions the maritime sector as one of the most dynamic industries worldwide. This research analyzes the strengthening of business law support maritime sector integration to enhance port operational efficiency and the role of business law instruments in realizing the principle of fair competition within ports. This research employs a normative legal approach focusing on the study of existing legal norms and regulations governing port management and maritime integration. The strengthening of business law in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in improving port operational efficiency. A strong and well coordinated business law framework will create ports that are more efficient, competitive, and adaptive to the changing demands of the global market. Several key principles must be developed. First, rules on information disclosure and accountability to ensure transparency in port governance. Second, prohibitions against abuse of dominant positions and oversight of vertical integration to prevent anti-competitive practices. Third, clear contractual norms and governance structures for public private partnerships (PPP), including proportional risk-sharing mechanisms to ensure fairness and efficiency in infrastructure development. Fourth, multi-level governance alignment across national and regional authorities to prevent incentive distortions.

Food security is a complex issue closely related to various aspects such as agriculture, nutrition, health, and the environment. In the context of global development, food security is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 2: Zero Hunger. This study aims to analyze the implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs and to identify the factors that hinder the successful implementation of these policies. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, examining various secondary data sources including books, journal articles, laws and regulations, official government reports, mass media, and relevant online publications. The results show that the Indonesian government has undertaken various efforts to achieve food security through strengthening regulations, starting from Law Number 18 of 2012, Government Regulation Number 17 of 2015, and Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2022. These efforts are supported by increased budget allocation, local wisdom-based food diversification programs, food estate programs, and strengthening national food reserves through cross-sectoral coordination. However, the implementation of these policies still faces four structural constraints, namely high population growth, the conversion of agricultural land, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity, and low interest among the younger generation, which threatens farmer regeneration. The implications of this study indicate that the successful implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs requires comprehensive, sustainable strategies and effective cross-sector collaboration.

Digital revolution and the disruption of the global labor market have made public organizations, especially vocational training institutions, even more complicated. This study seeks to examine the impact of dynamic skills on institutional resilience, with innovative leadership serving as a mediating variable. The study employed a quantitative methodology, utilizing data collected from 180 employees at the Medan Vocational and Productivity Training Center (BBPVP). We used Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to look at the data. The findings indicate that dynamic capabilities exert a positive and significant influence on institutional resilience, underscoring the necessity for an organization to identify, capitalize on opportunities, and adapt to change. Dynamic qualities also have a big effect on inventive leadership, which is very important for making organizational change happen. Innovative leadership demonstrably influences institutional resilience and serves as a partial mediator between dynamic capabilities and institutional resilience. This research offers a theoretical advancement by synthesizing institutional theory, dynamic capacities, and innovative leadership to elucidate public organizational resilience. In practical terms, the findings of this study have significant significance for enhancing the adaptive capacity of vocational training institutions in the context of digital disruption.

This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of poverty in Gorontalo Province in 2024 using global and local spatial autocorrelation approaches. The data used are the percentages of the poor population in each regency/municipality, obtained from the BPS. The analyses include descriptive statistical analysis, the Moran's Index test for global spatial autocorrelation, and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for local autocorrelation. The results show that poverty in Gorontalo Province tends to be unevenly distributed and exhibits a significant spatial pattern. The Moran's Index indicates positive spatial autocorrelation, where areas with high poverty levels tend to be adjacent to other areas with similarly high poverty levels. The LISA results identify Bone Bolango Regency as a High-Low area, meaning it has a high poverty rate but is surrounded by areas with low poverty rates. These findings highlight the importance of spatial approaches in formulating more targeted poverty alleviation policies.

The phenomenon of language globalization has brought a significant influence on the communication patterns and cultural identity of Generation Z, including those who adhere to indigenous belief systems. The global trend that emphasizes the dominance of foreign languages often leads to a decline in appreciation for local languages and the spiritual values embedded within them. This article aims to examine the role of multilingual literacy as a means of strengthening the spirituality of Generation Z adherents of indigenous beliefs in facing the challenges of language globalization. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various theoretical sources and relevant research findings from the past five years. The results indicate that multilingual literacy not only enhances cross-cultural communication skills but also strengthens the spiritual awareness and cultural identity of Generation Z through the preservation of local languages and the interpretation of local values in a modern context. Therefore, multilingual literacy can serve as an effective strategy for developing a generation that is religious, has strong character, and remains rooted in its traditional beliefs amidst the rapid flow of globalization.

This study examines the local wisdom values of the Javanese and Batak ethnic groups in maintaining harmony between humans and nature, as well as their relevance to shaping the spirituality of Generation Z. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a library research approach. Data were obtained from books, scientific articles, and previous studies. The findings show that Memayu Hayuning Bawana and Habonaron Do Bona both emphasize balance and harmony among humans, nature, and God. These values can be applied by Generation Z to develop ecological spirituality rooted in local wisdom and aligned with modern challenges. This study contributes to strengthening the spiritual identity of young generations in the digital era through the revitalization of local wisdom values, The younger generation can find a more holistic and harmonious life guide, while strengthening their spiritual identity amidst the currents of globalization and digitalization. This research contributes to efforts to shape the character and spirituality of an environmentally conscious young generation, based on local wisdom.

Based on data from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations), it has been predicted that the aquaculture subsector will become one of the most relied-upon resources in the future, especially in meeting food needs, fish-based nutritional needs, and empowering the global community's economy (FAO, 2016). Catfish is a type of freshwater fish that can grow and develop well because it can be cultivated in limited land areas (Marsela, 2018). The frequency of feeding is one of the important factors that need to be considered in catfish farming. To determine the effect of different feeding frequencies on the absolute weight of dumbo catfish, a study was conducted using an experimental design called the Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 3 treatments and a total of 8 replications. The test treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 (feeding twice a day), Treatment 2 (feeding three times a day), and Treatment 3 (feeding four times a day). The results of the ANOVA test showed a significant value of 0.000 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in each of the different feeding frequencies. The analysis of the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level also showed that the relationship between each treatment had a significant value of 0.000 (P < 0.05). The average absolute weight of the fish for Treatment 1 was 12.99 grams, for Treatment 2 was 15.03 grams, and for Treatment 3 was 17.03 grams. The highest growth in the absolute weight of dumbo catfish fry occurred in Treatment 3 (feeding four times a day).

High dependence on the United States Dollar (USD) in international transactions has long been a challenge for economic stability in the Southeast Asian region, especially amidst global exchange rate fluctuations and geopolitical tensions. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Local Currency Settlement (LCS) cooperation in supporting intra-ASEAN trade stability. The main focus of this study is how local currency mechanisms can mitigate exchange rate risks and strengthen regional economic integration as part of a de-dollarization strategy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature review approach, relying on secondary data from central bank reports, ASEAN policy documents, and relevant academic literature. The results show that the implementation of the LCS framework, particularly in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, has provided more efficient transaction alternatives by reducing double conversion costs. However, its effectiveness still faces challenges such as low awareness among business actors, limited local currency liquidity compared to the USD, and the need for broader cross-border digital payment system integration. These findings imply the need for strengthened synergy between central banks in the ASEAN region and increased literacy for the private sector so that the economic stability benefits of LCS can be optimally achieved. This strategy not only strengthens monetary sovereignty but also encourages a more resilient ASEAN economic integration against external shocks.

The retention of customers in the retail banking sector is a critical economic imperative; however, predictive modeling is frequently hindered by severe class imbalance and the “Black Box” nature of complex algorithms. This study proposes a Heterogeneous Stacking Ensemble framework integrating XGBoost, CatBoost, and Random Forest base learners with a Logistic Regression meta-learner to forecast customer attrition. To overcome the pervasive “Majority Class Bias,” we introduce a “Dual-Imbalance Defense” that synergizes the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) with algorithmic cost-sensitive penalization. Furthermore, moving beyond standard accuracy metrics, the framework mathematically derives a dynamic classification threshold to guarantee a strict 0.90 recall rate, actively optimizing the capture of at-risk capital. Model opacity is addressed through the integration of a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) TreeExplainer. This cooperative game theory approach provides localized, patient-level “Reason Codes” for regulatory compliance and reveals global systemic vulnerabilities, including non-linear drivers such as the “Product Paradox.” Achieving a 0.90 recall rate and an AUC of 0.8654, this framework provides a statistically robust and operationally transparent tool for targeted customer retention.