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This study analyzes the level of economic development disparity among regions in East Java Province during the period 2009–2023 using the Klassen Typology approach. The study aims to map the classification of regions based on economic growth rates and per capita GRDP to identify spatial disparities among the 38 districts/cities in the province. The analysis results indicate significant inequality, with regions such as Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Gresik consistently categorized as advanced and rapidly growing areas (Quadrant I), while regions such as Sampang, Pamekasan, and Bondowoso fall into the underdeveloped category (Quadrant IV). This phenomenon shows that the economic spillover effect from growth centers to surrounding regions remains suboptimal and suggests the need for spatially-based policy interventions. This study provides important implications for formulating more inclusive regional development policies and recommends further quantitative analysis to identify the determinants of inequality in greater depth.

Research Problems The coaching process and training programs at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang have been implemented but have not yet reached maximum achievement. Research Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of martial art training program at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang using the CIPP model, including: (1) context evaluation, (2) input evaluation, (3) process evaluation and (4) product evaluation. Methods: The research method used is descriptive quantitative using a questionnaire and descriptive qualitative conducted by interview and observation and documentation as supporting data. Results: The results of this evaluation research show an overall average score of 2.89 in the good category, with a context evaluation score of 3.10 in the good category, an input evaluation score of 2.99 in the good category, a process evaluation score of 3.38 in the very good category and a product evaluation score of 2.09 in the poor category. The context aspect is considered successful, but the input aspect needs improvement, especially in athlete resources with the main obstacle being the lack of government funding in fostering achievement training. The process aspect is quite good, but the implementation of training has not been maximized even though coaching and monitoring evaluation have been running. This causes pencak silat achievements in Sasana Djiwo Ketawang not to be able to compete at the regional and national levels. Conclusion: For the overall results of the evaluation, Sasana Djiwo Ketawang has been running well, however, regular evaluations are still needed to improve coaching performance, try out scheduling for athletes' match flying hours and a more varied and efficient training program on target.

This study examines trends in scientific publications on digitalization from 2014 to 2024 published in Scopus-indexed journals worldwide. Data were collected from the Scopus database on October 6, 2024, at 21:56 WIB using the keywords "Digitalization" and "Public Services." A total of 593 documents were found in various categories, including titles, abstracts, and keywords. To analyze these documents, the authors employed the VOSviewer program (version 1.6.17), which enables the visualization of relationships in research data. The search analysis on document results was used to complete the data collection process, followed by detailed data analysis. The research data was analyzed through infographic mapping, which visualized research developments and document mapping on various aspects such as affiliations, countries, subject areas, and types of publications. This analysis revealed significant correlations among studies focused on the digitalization of public services. The findings show that research on the digitalization of public services from 2014 to 2024 has consistently grown year after year, with 593 published documents discussing the issue across different countries. The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration emerged as the most active affiliation, publishing 14 documents on the topic. The Russian Federation ranked first in scientific publications, contributing 83 documents indexed by Scopus. In terms of subject areas, the study highlighted the growing importance of digitalization in enhancing public services globally. The VOSviewer analysis revealed strong connections among studies in this field, further emphasizing the rising global focus on digitalization in public administration and governance. These trends reflect the growing significance of digital tools and technologies in improving the efficiency and accessibility of public services worldwide, signaling an ongoing and expanding area of academic and policy interest.

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the Odd Semester Final Summative Questions for the Automotive Basic Engineering Subject for Class X SMK TKM Pertambangan Kebumen using the Anates V4 Application. The exam question data, answer keys, and all students' answers were collected through data collection documentation techniques. Furthermore, using the Anates version 4.02 program, item analysis will be carried out to assess the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, discriminatory power, and effectiveness of distractors. This research method is quantitative descriptive research, the data analyzed is not used to accept or reject the hypothesis; instead, the results of the analysis show a description of the observed symptoms, which are represented by numbers or coefficients between variables. The results showed that 95% of the odd semester final summative questions for the Automotive Basic Engineering subject for Class X SMK TKM Pertambangan Kebumen using the Anates V4 Application had validity, with 5% being invalid. For reliability, the questions had a reliability coefficient of 0.78, which indicated that it had a high coefficient. Furthermore, based on the level of difficulty, 2% were included in the easy category; 40% were included in the moderate category; 55% are in the difficult category; and 3% are in the very difficult category. In terms of discrimination power, 25% are in the good category; 57% are in the sufficient category; and 18% are in the poor category. All distractors function well on 90% of the questions.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders encountered in the work environment and is categorized as a disease caused by work activities. Methods: This study used health promotion counseling method on stretching exercise for low back pain (LBP). The counseling was held on March 15, 2025 at Bening's Clinic Pamekasan which is located on Jl. Trunojoyo no. 325-327, Pocok, Laden, Kec. Pamekasan, Pamekasan Regency, East Java. A total of 21 workers participated in this counseling. The promotional media used in this activity was a leaflet, and pre-test and post-test were applied as instruments to measure the effectiveness of the counseling. Results: The results of the evaluation of 21 participants showed that their understanding of Low Back Pain (LBP) and stretching exercise increased to 100%. Conclusion: Based on the results evaluation results, the counseling conducted at Bening's Clinic Pamekasan successfully increased participants' understanding of stretching exercise for low back pain (LBP).

The teaching of Professional Ethics in the Culinary Arts Study Program is often delivered in a theoretical manner, make lack of contextual and reflective learning experiences for students. This study aims to develop and evaluate an interactive pocket book as a learning medium to support students' understanding of ethical values in real culinary work settings. The research employed the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), with data collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, practicality questionnaires, and pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted over three months at Universitas Negeri Medan. Validation results indicated that the media was highly feasible in terms of content, layout, and language. Practicality testing showed that students found the media very practical, while the effectiveness test revealed an improvement in learning outcomes with a gain score of 0.60 (moderate to high category). These findings demonstrate that the interactive pocket book is effective in promoting ethical learning that is contextual, reflective, and applicable. The media is recommended for integration into learning strategies focused on values and professional attitudes and is suggested for further development into digital formats to enhance flexibility and wider accessibility.

Gross motor development is essential for elementary students’ physical growth and learning. Traditional games are a fun and culturally rich method to stimulate gross motor skills. To examine the effectiveness of the Karapan Sapi traditional game in improving gross motor skills among 4th-grade students at SDN Bubutan IV Surabaya. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) in two cycles involving 26 students, using observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection. Initial observations showed most students were in the "Less Skilled" category. After the intervention using the Karapan Sapi game, all students progressed to the "Highly Skilled" category. The Karapan Sapi game enhanced not only physical abilities but also teamwork, student engagement, and appreciation for local culture. The Karapan Sapi traditional game is an effective and enjoyable educational tool to improve elementary students’ gross motor skills through contextual and cultural-based learning.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Poverty Rate (TK), and Unemployment Rate (TPT) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in five provinces of Indonesia categorized as having moderate HDI from 2014 to 2023. The research employs a panel data regression method using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to capture variations across regions and time.The findings reveal that the UMP has a positive and significant impact on HDI, indicating that higher minimum wages contribute to improvements in human development. In contrast, the TPT negatively and significantly affects HDI, suggesting that higher unemployment rates hinder human development progress. Meanwhile, the TK variable shows no significant effect on HDI, implying that changes in poverty rates during the study period did not directly influence human development levels in these provinces.Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis show that UMP, TK, and TPT simultaneously have a significant impact on HDI, with an overall contribution of 98.65%. The remaining 1.35% is attributed to other factors not included in the research model.These results highlight the importance of policies aimed at increasing minimum wages and reducing unemployment to enhance community welfare and accelerate human development in provinces with moderate HDI. Policymakers are encouraged to design comprehensive strategies that prioritize employment creation and wage improvements as key levers for boosting human development outcomes across regions.

This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the use of influencer services by business actors seruit tampah mengan geh in increasing sales of their products. The results of the study found that the use of influencer services can be categorized as effective and efficient, this is evidenced by the increase in product brand awareness, increased consumer trust through honest influencer reviews, targeted audiences and more creative content results that attract the interest of viewers of the content produced.

Character education is an essential aspect of Islam in shaping individuals with noble morals. Hadith, especially those compiled in Arbain an-Nawawi, contains many moral values that can be applied in daily life. This study aims to identify moral values in Arbain an-Nawawi, analyze how to implement them in education, and examine the challenges and solutions in their application. This research uses content analysis to examine the hadiths in Arbain an-Nawawi.The findings reveal that the moral values in these hadiths fall into three main categories: (1) Morals toward Allah, such as sincerity (ikhlas) and trust in God (tawakal); (2) Morals toward others, such as honesty and compassion; and (3) Morals toward oneself, such as self-reflection and anger management. These values can be taught through exemplary behavior, habituation, self-reflection, and storytelling. However, there are several challenges in implementing hadith-based character education, such as a lack of understanding among educators regarding hadith, an education system that prioritizes academics over character development, and the influence of modern culture and technology. To address these challenges, teacher training, the strengthening of character-based curricula, and the use of technology as a learning medium are necessary. This study is expected to provide insights for the educational sector in strengthening students’ character based on Islamic teachings.    

This study explores the application of English education focused on the topic of body parts, utilising musical resources as a supplementary tool for students in class IV-D at SDN 060871 Medan Timur. The research method used is quantitative with an experimental design through pre-test and post-test to determine the effectiveness of song media in improving English vocabulary mastery. The research results showed that before the application of song media, student learning outcomes were in the poor category with a completeness level of 54.54%. After implementing song media, there was an increase in student learning outcomes until they reached a completion level of 90.90%. This demonstrates that utilising music can aid learners in grasping and retaining English vocabulary with greater efficiency. Apart from that, the results of the confirmation questionnaire also showed that the majority of students gave positive responses to the application of song media in learning English. Therefore, song media can be used as an alternative learning method that is interesting and effective in improving student learning outcomes in mastering English vocabulary.

This study aims to improve the singing skills of sixth grade students at State Elementary School 173632 through the national song "Indonesia Raya". application of vocal techniques. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a classroom action research (CAR) method approach which is carried out in several cycles, including the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that the systematic application of vocal techniques can improve the quality of students' singing. Diaphragm breathing exercises help students control their voices more stably, articulation techniques make song lyrics clearer, intonation exercises improve pitch accuracy, and expression techniques help students convey emotions in songs better. Data analysis shows an increase in the average singing skills of students from the category of sufficient to good after being given action. In addition, the results of observations show that the majority of students feel more confident and enjoy learning to sing with a vocal technique approach. Thus, this study can help improve students' vocal skills as well as knowledge for students and teachers as well as for readers.

This study examines the key factors within the S.C.C.O.R.E model (stimulus, capability, collusion, opportunity, rationalization, ego), widely known as the Fraud Hexagon framework, in detecting the potential for financial statement fraud using the Beneish M-Score approach. The stimulus element is proxied by financial instability, capability by change in director, collusion by cooperation with government project, opportunity by ineffective monitoring, rationalization by change in auditor, and ego by the frequent number of CEO’s pictures. This research focuses on companies that received the special E notation (companies with negative equity) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period, with a total of 145 observations. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. A quantitative approach is employed in this study, utilizing secondary data sourced from annual reports and financial statements, analyzed through logistic regression. The results show that financial instability, change in auditor, and frequent number of CEO’s pictures have a positive and significant effect on the potential for financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, change in director, cooperation with government project, and ineffective monitoring have no significant influence on the potential for financial statement fraud.

This research has objective to examine the use of audiovisual media, specifically the term platform wall, to motivate students at Permai Guidance Studio, Kulim, Malaysia. The method used was a participatory approach where both teachers and students are actively involved in the learning process. actively in the learning process. The activity started with socialisation on the importance of using audiovisual learning aids, followed by with training for teachers to use WordWall in their classrooms. The results of this study show that using interactive learning through wordwall increases students' participation and enthusiasm compared with traditional learning methods. These findings suggest that the integration of technology into education has a positive effect on student motivation, reducing boredom and enhances the learning process.

GoSend as an instant delivery service from Gojek plays an important role in meeting the demand for fast and reliable delivery. However, there are still challenges in terms of service quality, customer satisfaction, and competitiveness in the digital logistics industry. This study analyzes GoSend's electronic service quality attributes using the Kano Model to identify the factors that most influence customer satisfaction. The quantitative method is applied through a survey of 206 GoSend users in Semarang, with the integration of E-Servqual indicators and Kano Model attributes. The results of the study show that most service attributes fall into the "Indifferent" category, meaning they do not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. However, attributes such as transaction data security and item conditions fall into the "One-Dimensional" category, so improvements in these aspects can increase customer satisfaction. The analysis of the Extent of Satisfaction (EOS) and Extent of Dissatisfaction (EOD) shows that responsiveness to complaints and service personalization still need to be improved. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations that can be given are increasing customer service responsiveness, optimizing compensation policies, and strengthening security systems to increase customer trust. The integration of the Kano Model with E-Servqual provides a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of digital logistics services while also being a guide for GoSend in increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty amidst increasingly fierce competition.

Students gain practical experience in the world of education through the Introduction to School Field Programme and gain a better understanding of the school environment. This service activity combines lecture theory with real educational practice. The methods used by students include observation, participation in teaching and learning activities, discussions with teachers and students, and documentation. The results of this service show that students have a better understanding of learning methods, classroom management, and problems faced by teachers in elementary schools. In addition, schools also benefit from the assistance provided by students in the learning process. SD Muhammadiyah 019 Bangkinang Kota is the place for this PLP activity. The principal is Mr Musta'in, S.Pd, located at Jalan Muhammadiyah Bangkinang District, Kampar Regency, Riau 28463. The implementation of PLP began on 13 January 2025 and ended on 23 February 2025.

The purpose of this study is to find out which sectors are the leading sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021, What economic sectors have fast growth rates in shifting economic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021, Which economic sectors have the power strong competitiveness in shifting economic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 - 2021. What economic sectors are included in the criteria as prime, potential, developing and underdeveloped sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 - 2021. Quantitative analysis methods used in processing this data is Location quotient (LQ), Shift Share, Growth Ratio Model (MRP) and Overlay Analysis processed using Microsoft Office Excel. The results of the study show that the economic sectors which are categorized as basic sectors in North Kalimantan Province in 2017 – 2021 are the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sectors; Mining and excavation; Construction; Transportation and Warehousing; Administration of Government, Defense and mandatory social security; Education Services.

Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya sertifikasi tanah di Kelurahan Karangmojo, Kecamatan Klego, Kabupaten Boyolali, berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa agraria. Meski PTSL digulirkan, hambatan administratif dan minimnya edukasi hukum menghambat implementasi. Program pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan meningkatkan kesadaran hukum warga, mendukung Reforma Agraria, dan mendorong pengelolaan tanah berkeadilan. Kegiatan meliputi survei lokasi, sosialisasi hukum pertanahan melalui presentasi interaktif, dan diskusi dengan masyarakat Karangmojo Kidul. Kesadaran hukum masyarakat Kelurahan Karangmojo terkait pengelolaan dan sertifikasi tanah masih rendah, ditunjukkan oleh banyaknya tanah yang belum bersertifikat, berisiko menimbulkan konflik agraria. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi kurangnya pemahaman akan pentingnya sertifikat tanah sebagai bukti hukum, kendala ekonomi, rendahnya pendidikan, dan budaya pengelolaan tanah tradisional. Kurangnya informasi dan tenaga ahli di bidang pertanahan juga menjadi hambatan. Program pemerintah seperti PTSL, yang bertujuan mempermudah sertifikasi, kurang dimanfaatkan karena minimnya sosialisasi. Langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mencakup edukasi intensif melalui sosialisasi, pendampingan teknis bagi masyarakat dalam melengkapi dokumen sertifikasi, serta pemanfaatan teknologi informasi untuk menyebarkan panduan terkait. Selain itu, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam penyediaan layanan publik yang efektif. Peningkatan kesadaran hukum ini penting untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, mencegah konflik, dan mendukung pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat aktivitas fisik pendaki Gunung Panderman Buthak Kota Batu. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah pendaki Gunung Panderman Buthak Kota Batu dengan total sampel 122 yang mencakup 88 pendaki laki-laki dan 34 pendaki perempuan dengan rentan usia 18 sampai 30 tahun. Instrumen pada penelitan ini berupa kuisioner terstruktur dari World Health Organization yaitu Global Physical Activity Questionnaire untuk mengukur tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan reliabilitas tinggi (Kappa=0,67-0,73) dan validitas sedang (r=0,48). Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif melalui presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendaki laki-laki mempunyai presentase dengan kategori tingkat aktivitas fisik 86% tinggi, 11% sedang, dan 3% rendah. Sedangkan pendaki perempuan memiliki presentase dengan kategori tingkat aktivitas fisik 68% tinggi, 19% sedang, dan 15% rendah. Data yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar aktivitas fisik pendaki gunung Panderman Buthak laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik dalam kategori tinggi.

One of the needs of every person is physical fitness. A good physical fitness condition is able to strengthen the physique that can support effectively and efficiently and reduce excessive fatigue. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of physical fitness of badminton players PB Ganesha Batu City. Data was collected through a survey design with descriptive quantitative. The subjects used were PB Ganesha badminton players Batu City. The instruments applied were the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) 10-12 years and observation as a non-test instrument. Data analysis applied descriptive statistics. The results of the analysis of the physical fitness level of badminton players aged 10-12 years PB Ganesha Kota Batu, namely a total of 20 badminton players, there are 9 players in the good category with a percentage of 45% and 11 badminton players in the medium category with a percentage of 55%. In conclusion, the level of physical fitness of badminton players PB Ganesha Batu City at the age of 10-12 years is categorized as moderate, so the advice given is that badminton players are more motivated to improve physical fitness.