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This community service program was carried out to enhance the technological literacy of residents in Telang Sari Village through the introduction of an automated street lighting system based on sensor technology. The system presented to the community utilizes an Arduino microcontroller integrated with an LDR sensor to detect light intensity and an ultrasonic sensor to identify the presence of nearby objects. With this configuration, the street lights operate automatically: they turn on when the environment becomes dark and an object is detected, and turn off when the surroundings are bright or no activity is detected in the sensing area. The program activities included device installation, technical explanation, and a live demonstration to ensure that residents comprehended its functions and benefits. Additionally, the use of solar panels was introduced as an alternative power source to support sustainable operation without relying on grid electricity. The results of the program showed a positive response from the community, as the system was considered effective in improving nighttime safety, reducing energy consumption, and requiring minimal maintenance. Overall, this activity successfully increased public understanding of automation technology and renewable energy applications suitable for rural community development.

The increasing demand for electrical energy, particularly in offices and commercial buildings, has made energy efficiency a critical aspect of sustainable development. Among various building components, lighting systems are recognized as one of the major consumers of energy. This study investigates the potential for energy savings through the adoption of a smart lighting system incorporating IoT-based sensors, motion detectors, and dimming controls. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the research was conducted at the workspace of Indie Light, comparing energy consumption before and after the implementation of the system. Data were collected using direct observation, light and power meters, and real-time monitoring devices to ensure accurate measurement. The results demonstrate that smart lighting systems can substantially reduce energy use without compromising lighting quality or comfort. By integrating intelligent sensors and adaptive control algorithms, the system not only optimizes energy efficiency but also aligns with national policies on energy conservation, supporting broader environmental sustainability efforts. These findings suggest that smart lighting solutions can play a significant role in promoting energy-efficient practices in commercial spaces while contributing to sustainable development goals.

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into the Web of Things (WoT) offers cross-platform interoperability but presents significant security challenges for constrained devices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of security mechanisms in three major WoT protocols: HTTP, CoAP, and MQTT. The research methodology employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, reviewing 22 selected articles published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis utilizes PICOC criteria to compare communication overhead, computational consumption, and security mechanisms such as DTLS, OSCORE, and TLS integration. The results indicate that CoAP, combined with OSCORE and EDHOC mechanisms, provides the optimal balance between energy efficiency and end-to-end security for resource-constrained devices. MQTT demonstrates superiority in throughput and data transmission speed but requires additional security layers to ensure data confidentiality. Meanwhile, HTTP dominates in terms of Web service integration and access control, despite having the highest overhead burden. In conclusion, no single protocol is superior for all scenarios; the choice of protocol in WoT architecture must be based on the trade-offs between latency, resource efficiency, and system security requirements

This community service program was carried out to enhance the technological literacy of residents in Telang Sari Village through the introduction of an automated street lighting system based on sensor technology. The system presented to the community utilizes an Arduino microcontroller integrated with an LDR sensor to detect light intensity and an ultrasonic sensor to identify the presence of nearby objects. With this configuration, the street lights operate automatically: they turn on when the environment becomes dark and an object is detected, and turn off when the surroundings are bright or no activity is detected in the sensing area. The program activities included device installation, technical explanation, and a live demonstration to ensure that residents comprehended its functions and benefits. Additionally, the use of solar panels was introduced as an alternative power source to support sustainable operation without relying on grid electricity. The results of the program showed a positive response from the community, as the system was considered effective in improving nighttime safety, reducing energy consumption, and requiring minimal maintenance. Overall, this activity successfully increased public understanding of automation technology and renewable energy applications suitable for rural community development.

This article examines the effectiveness of fermented kombucha drinks in enhancing the immunity of menopausal women through an evidence-based nutrition approach. Additionally, the study highlights how community-based kombucha production and consumption programs can be part of non-military health diplomacy, supporting community resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like menopausal women who experience immune function decline due to hormonal changes. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study analyzes 30 relevant articles published between 2018–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and others. The findings show that (1) kombucha improves immunity through cytokine modulation and increased antioxidant activity, (2) kombucha normalizes gut microbiota, contributing to the immune health of menopausal women, (3) fermentation variations and microbial composition affect kombucha's effectiveness, and (4) community-based kombucha production programs have potential in enhancing health literacy and local economic empowerment. This study provides a basis for local governments, health centers, and communities to integrate kombucha as a preventive health intervention, while also strengthening community resilience through nutrition education and functional food entrepreneurship. The article also offers a new conceptual model, “Kombucha Intervention – Immunity – Health Diplomacy,” that connects biological evidence, community health, and non-military resilience integratively.

PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya, specifically its Pasuruan plant as the producer of Pucuk Harum Tea beverage, requires a large supply of steam to support various production processes. This steam is used in the process of heating tea leaves, heating water through a heat exchanger, and heating chemicals and water in the cleaning in place (CIP) process. Steam pressure of 5 bar that is flowed to the process equipment will undergo condensation to produce condensate. To separate steam and condensate, steam traps are used, consisting of several types, namely mechanical, thermostatic, and thermodynamic. However, in operational practice, steam trap malfunctions often occur, either in the form of steam leaks that are wasted with condensate or failure to drain condensate from the system. This condition causes a decrease in the efficiency of the steam piping system and increases the workload of the boiler. As a result, fuel consumption and boiler feed water requirements become greater than ideal conditions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the energy and operational losses caused by steam trap malfunctions, as well as evaluate their impact on boiler system performance and steam utilization efficiency at PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya Pasuruan plant.      

This study analyzes the contribution of the nighttime economy to the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Pekanbaru City, particularly the culinary sector, which dominates nighttime economic activity. This research is motivated by the increasing public consumption at night, which shapes urban economic dynamics and requires effective public governance. The research method uses a qualitative approach through literature review and in-depth interviews with nighttime MSMEs to describe business conditions and governance challenges. The analysis is based on Adam Smith's Theory of Economic Growth, emphasizing capital accumulation, population growth, and technological advancement. The results show that nighttime economic activity generates high levels of consumption, which increases MSME income and enables capital accumulation for business development and product quality improvement. Urban population growth and the use of digital technology, including social media, delivery services, and digital payment systems, contribute to expanding market reach and improving business efficiency. However, MSME development in the nighttime economy remains constrained by limited access to capital, inadequate public infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainty. This study emphasizes the need for integrated local government policies.

This study examines the role of digital church music as a medium for evangelism and discipleship within the digital ecosystem. It employs a mixed methods approach using a sequential explanatory design, in which quantitative data collection is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were gathered through an online survey of at least 200 respondents to measure the intensity of digital worship music consumption, perceived gospel understanding, faith reflection, and spiritual engagement. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15–20 key informants and digital content analysis of worship songs, service videos, and social media interactions. The findings indicate that digital church music contributes to strengthening gospel understanding, encouraging faith reflection, and expanding discipleship practices through online spaces. A moderate positive correlation between music consumption intensity and spiritual engagement suggests that music functions as a contextual medium for faith formation. This study highlights the importance of adaptive theological and pastoral strategies for church music ministry in the digital era.

Welfare for the poor is the most important topic in improving citizens. Islam as Ad-diin has offered several teachings for humans that apply universally with two dimensional characteristics, namely happiness and well-being in life in this world and in the hereafter. In the concept of the modern world, welfare is a condition where a person can fulfill basic needs, be it the need for food, clothing, shelter, clean drinking water as well as the opportunity to continue education and have adequate work that can support the quality of life so as to have a social status that leads to the same social status as other citizens. ZIS as an extension of the government in helping the needs of the poor with the aim of improving the welfare of the community who initially as zakat recipients turned into zakat givers, so that later the funds used will be evenly distributed and felt by the wider community. as well as purifying assets that may be accidentally mixed with assets that are forbidden for consumption. The urgency of ZIS in Sidowungu is one of the main elements of effective and efficient zakat management in order to realize the welfare of the community. As for the discussion of this article about the welfare pattern for the poor as the process of distributing ZIS funds in Sidowungu Village. The method used in this article is a quantitative approach. The subjects of this study were 165 poor people in Sidowungu Village, while the sample size was 65 poor people using probability sampling. The results of the study, processed using the PASW SPSS 23 for Windows program, showed that partial test results for H0 were rejected and H1 was accepted if the calculated t value was greater than the table t value or the sig value was less than 0.05. This means that the distribution of funds partially affected the welfare of the poor in Sidowungu Village. The magnitude of the influence between variables can be seen from the coefficient of determination of 0.079, meaning that 79.0% of the welfare of the poor in Sidowungu Village was influenced by the distribution of ZIS funds, while the remaining 21.0% was influenced by other variables not included in this study.

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescent L.) is known as one of the high sources of vitamin C, which acts as an important natural antioxidant for human health because the body is unable to produce its own. This study aims to analyse vitamin C levels in chili pepper using the iodometric titration method quantitatively by taking a 5 gram sample of chili pepper and titrating it using 0,1 N iodine solution. The analysis results showed that the vitamin C content obtained was 0,0704% or equivalent to 70,4 mg/100g. This value is higher than some research results. This value is higher than some previous research results on fruits and chillies from other regions. This finding shows that chilli pepper has great potential as a source of vitamin C in supporting the fulfilment of people’s daily nutrition. In addition, the iodometric titration method is proven to be effective and efficient to be used in the analysis of vitamin C in foodstuffs. Therefore, chili pepper consumption can be a simple strategy in improving nutritional and preventing disease related to vitamin C deficiency.

Background: The development of modern manufacturing systems requires production scheduling strategies that not only improve productivity but also optimize energy utilization. Multi-machine production systems with job-shop configurations exhibit high complexity due to dynamic interactions between machines, job queues, and varying processing times, making conventional scheduling methods less effective in handling changing operational conditions. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a reinforcement learning based production scheduling approach to improve production efficiency while reducing energy consumption in multi-machine manufacturing systems. Methods: This research employs a job-shop based multi-machine production simulation model as the experimental environment. The scheduling problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process, enabling the implementation of reinforcement learning algorithms, namely Q-learning and Deep Q-Network, to learn optimal scheduling policies through interaction with the simulation environment. Energy consumption parameters are incorporated into the reward function so that the learning agent can consider energy efficiency in the scheduling decision-making process. System performance is evaluated using three main metrics, namely energy consumption, throughput, and makespan. Results: The experimental results show that the reinforcement learning based scheduling approach achieves better performance compared to conventional scheduling methods, resulting in lower energy consumption, higher job completion rates, and shorter production completion times within the multi-machine manufacturing system.

Intensive exploitation of fish for caviar production currently threatens the extinction of sturgeon, one of the ancient fish species. Sturgeon egg harvesting is often carried out in inhumane ways, such as dissecting and killing parent fish, causing the natural sturgeon population to decline. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates the international trade of sturgeon and caviar, but weak law enforcement, high market demand, and widespread illegal trade all exacerbate the conservation status of this species. Conversely, caviar aquaculture, often considered an alternative, raises new bioethical issues, including long-term stress on fish, disease spread, decline in animal health, and the risk of hybridization that could threaten the genetic integrity of sturgeon populations. From a bioethical and environmental ethics perspective, it is difficult to justify the consumption of caviar as a luxury commodity at the expense of ecosystem sustainability and animal welfare. Therefore, sturgeon conservation requires a comprehensive approach that includes reducing consumer demand, improving legislation and enforcement, and preserving and restoring sturgeon's natural habitats.

Per capita expenditure is an important indicator of household welfare because it reflects the economic capacity and consumption patterns of the community, as explained in Engel's Law. In regions with diverse geographical characteristics such as Papua Province, spatial analysis is needed to understand the variations in expenditure between districts/cities and the differences between urban and rural areas. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of per capita expenditure percentages for food and non-food items in nine districts/cities in Papua Province during the 2022–2024 period. The research data was sourced from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas). The methods used included quantile-based choropleth mapping using QGIS, attribute data merging through table joins, and Pearson's correlation test to evaluate the consistency of spending patterns between years. The analysis results show that food and non-food spending patterns were relatively stable during the observation period with high correlation values (r = 0,85–0,93), although spatial variations between regions were still apparent. Mamberamo Raya Regency consistently had the highest proportion of food spending (>68%), while Jayapura City showed the lowest proportion. These findings indicate spatial disparities related to urbanization levels and economic access. Spatial visualization proved effective in revealing regional disparity patterns that were not fully apparent through conventional statistical tables and has the potential to support the formulation of more evidence-based regional development policies.  

Traditional food is a national asset. It not only serves as a source of energy for the community, but also serves as a form of food security, an economic driver, a source of healthy food, and a culture steeped in noble values. The widespread consumption of unhealthy foods by students, especially elementary school students, is one of the reasons for this outreach activity. The health issues surrounding junk food must be addressed by offering healthy alternatives, such as traditional foods. Traditional food is not only related to food, but can also be linked to ethnomathematics, where culture in the form of food is studied from a mathematical perspective. Elementary school students not only consume traditional foods but also interpret these foods in mathematical contexts, such as geometry and numbers. In this way, students will be able to visualize mathematical elements not only when reading math textbooks but also when consuming traditional foods that are part of their daily environment. Despite their traditional nature, students actually enjoy some traditional foods. This is a frequent conflict between the current generation and traditional culture. They better understand how to prepare traditional foods, appreciate the richness of local culture, and develop a love for their culture and homeland.

The digital economy and e-commerce are rapidly transforming global markets, driving efficiency, inclusivity, and innovation. However, these developments also produce unintended consequences, particularly regarding environmental sustainability. This study aims to examine the relationship between digital transformation, the expansion of e-commerce, and their impact on carbon emissions and socio-economic outcomes. Using bibliometric analysis and VOS Viewer to map and analyze research trends from leading academic databases, this paper identifies key themes, knowledge clusters, and research gaps in the intersection of digital economy, logistics, and sustainability. The findings indicate that technological advances foster economic growth and greater accessibility but simultaneously contribute to rising energy consumption, logistics intensity, and carbon footprints. These results highlight the dual nature of digitalization as both a catalyst for inclusive development and a driver of environmental pressures. The study argues that an integrated policy framework is crucial to leverage the benefits of digital transformation while mitigating its environmental costs. It emphasizes the importance of green innovation, sustainable infrastructure investment, and inclusive e-commerce practices as key strategies for ensuring long-term socio-economic resilience. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the policy discourse by positioning innovation, inclusivity, and environmental stewardship as complementary rather than competing forces, thereby offering a pathway for future digital economy development that is both equitable and sustainable.

The increasing demand for interactive web applications has encouraged the adoption of server-driven approaches such as Livewire as an alternative to building Single Page Applications (SPAs) without complex client-side JavaScript. However, the performance implications of this approach compared to conventional methods remain insufficiently explored. This study presents an empirical comparison between Laravel Blade with AJAX and Livewire in an academic attendance system scenario. Performance evaluation was conducted using k6 on the same web server, complemented by manual browser-based testing to observe actual communication patterns. The results indicate that Livewire exhibits approximately 2.7× higher average response time and up to 6× greater bandwidth consumption than Laravel Blade, primarily due to its snapshot mechanism and state synchronization process. Conversely, Livewire demonstrates better stability, reflected by lower maximum response times and a 0% error rate. These findings highlight a clear trade-off between resource efficiency and development convenience, where Livewire favors stability and developer productivity, while Laravel Blade provides superior efficiency in terms of latency and bandwidth usage.

This study aims to analyze hematocrit values ​​using a micro method with capillary blood samples in pregnant women with anemia at the Sidodadi Kisaran Barat Community Health Center. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach involving 15 pregnant women as respondents. Data collection was carried out through hematocrit laboratory examinations and data collection of respondent characteristics. The results showed that 60% of respondents had hematocrit levels below normal values, while 40% of respondents had hematocrit levels within normal limits. Low hematocrit levels in pregnant women are influenced by several factors, including age, education level, employment status, and level of knowledge about anemia during pregnancy. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of pregnancy complications if not optimally managed. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers continue to increase educational efforts regarding anemia prevention, the importance of regular pregnancy check-ups, and encourage pregnant women to maintain a balanced nutritional consumption pattern and adequate iron intake to support maternal and fetal health.

Rapid adoption of cashless payments has reshaped everyday spending, especially among young consumers. While e-wallets deliver speed and convenience, constant exposure to discounts, cashbacks, and one-click checkouts may also foster more frequent discretionary purchases. This study examines the relationship between e-wallet usage intensity and consumptive lifestyle, focusing on how convenience and promotional stimuli relate to spending tendencies. Using a cross-sectional online survey of students and early-career workers, we collected self-reports on payment habits and consumption patterns with validated Likert-type instruments. Data were screened and analyzed with correlation and linear regression after basic assumption checks. The results indicate a positive and statistically meaningful association between e-wallet usage and consumptive lifestyle; respondents who transact more often via e-wallets tend to report stronger preferences for instant gratification, hedonic purchases, and impulse buying. Convenience features (e.g., stored cards, fast checkout) and promotional exposure (e.g., limited-time deals) emerged as salient correlates of the relationship. The findings add contextual evidence from Indonesia’s digital economy and suggest practical implications for users, platforms, and educators. Financial-wellbeing interventions such as digital budgeting tips, in-app nudges, spend limits, or post-purchase reflections may help align seamless payments with healthier consumption decisions. Future work can test causal mechanisms and evaluate design features that encourage prudent, goal-consistent spending without diminishing user experience.

This study aims to analyze the influence of prices and productivity on the welfare of independent oil palm farmers in Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The number of respondents in this study was 24 people taken by census. The analysis method used includes descriptive statistical analysis, with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the influence of the palm oil price variable on the welfare of oil palm farmers is 0.02 one unit with a calculated t value greater than the t table value (1.924> 1.720) and a significance level smaller than 0.05 (0.02 <0.05) partially has a significant effect on the welfare of oil palm farmers. The influence of the productivity variable on the welfare of oil palm farmers is 0.000 one unit, with a calculated t value greater than the t table value (5.046> 1.663) and a significance level smaller than 0.05 (0.000 <0.05) partially has a significant effect on the welfare of oil palm farmers. The influence of palm oil price and productivity variables simultaneously has a significant influence on the welfare of oil palm farmers. From the F test, the results of the calculation of F count> F table (170,465> 3.07) with a significance level of 0.001 <0.05. This shows that the price and productivity variables together have a significant influence on the welfare of farmers in Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency.

The increase in the consumption of bottled drinking water has become one of the main contributors to the generation of single-use plastic waste in various regions, including Bone Bolango Regency. This study aims to examine the role of refillable drinking water consumption in reducing household plastic waste and analyze it through the perspective of philosophy of science, including aspects of onology, epistemology, and axiology. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, empirical data analysis from government reports, and field observation. The results of the study show that the consumption of refillable drinking water contributes significantly to reducing the volume of plastic waste while increasing people's ecological awareness. From an ontological perspective, this phenomenon represents a change in consumption patterns that are more environmentally friendly. Epistemologically, the research confirms the importance of scientific knowledge in understanding the relationship between consumption behavior and ecological impacts. Meanwhile, from an axiological perspective, the research emphasizes the value of the benefits of science in shaping sustainable consumption behavior and encouraging the birth of more ethical and sustainability-oriented environmental policies. Thus, this study contributes to the development of plastic waste management strategies while strengthening the role of the community in realizing a healthier and more sustainable ecosystem.