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Literacy is an individual's ability and skills in language i.e. reading, writing, speaking, calculating and problem solving at a certain level of expertise required in daily life. Bullying is as unwanted aggressive behaviour of another young person or group of young people who are not siblings or current dating partners involving an observed or perceived imbalance of power and repeated several times or very likely to be repeated. To prevent bullying, efforts are made to conduct reading and writing literacy activities. The purpose of this study is to see how often students of the Faculty of Medicine, Gorontalo State University do literacy reading and writing, especially about bullying. This study uses a qualitative method, namely an observational survey conducted on the management of the Student Executive Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Gorontalo State University. The results obtained from 15 respondents who were interviewed found that all respondents knew about bullying. Only 2 people have never read about bullying, while 13 have. Writing literacy there are only 2 people who have done about bullying and 13 others never. From the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that all respondents knew about bullying, most had done reading literacy about bullying, and only a small proportion had done writing literacy about bullying. 

This research aims to determine the influence of the Discovery Learning Learning Model on the Ability to Write Short Stories at SMA Negeri 2 Kisaran..This type of research is all students off class XI science at SMA Negeri 2 range of 216 students. The sampling technique used in the data collection process is random sampling. Data analysis techniques using statistical analysis. Based on the results of research data analysis and hypothesis testing, it was concluded that the average result of the ability to write short stories in the XI IPA 2 experimental class taught using the discovery learning model obtained an average score of 87,88 higher tha the control class XI IPA 3 which obtained an average score of 81,88.

This research was motivated by the students' perceived low ability in learning to write response texts. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in learning to write response texts to fiction reading.  Actions were taken by implementing the mobile legend online game hero story text media in learning to write response texts for fiction reading. This research used a Class Action Research (PTK) design which was carried out over 2 cycles. The subjects in this research were students in class VII-I of SMPN 4 Madiun for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 32 students, consisting of 16 male students and 16 female students. The data in the research were taken through response text writing skills tests and learning observations. The data obtained was then analyzed using comparative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results showed that the ability to write response texts to fiction reading increased. This is proven by the increase in student learning outcomes from the pre-cycle stage to the second cycle stage. The percentage of students' learning completeness increased successively, namely 33%; 56%; and 83%. The average score obtained by students also increases with each lesson. The average increase in students' grades sequentially in each cycle is 51.25; 65.3; and 80.7

The ability to write news texts for class VIII middle school students is still low. This problem was discovered based on observations when researchers talked to students at class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Ngamprah, they did not understand the steps that had to be taken when writing news. In the learning process, teachers still use the lecture method, this makes students less active and tend to be passive when the teaching and learning process is taking place between the teacher and students. The learning model that can be a solution to this problem is the Group Investigation model assisted by broadcasts as a learning medium. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to the application of the Group Investigation learning model assisted by podcasts in news text writing activities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results show an average of 63.83% included in the "Good" category.    

The ability to write news texts for class VIII middle school students is still low. This problem was discovered based on observations when researchers talked to students at class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Ngamprah, they did not understand the steps that had to be taken when writing news. In the learning process, teachers still use the lecture method, this makes students less active and tend to be passive when the teaching and learning process is taking place between the teacher and students. The learning model that can be a solution to this problem is the Group Investigation model assisted by broadcasts as a learning medium. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to the application of the Group Investigation learning model assisted by podcasts in news text writing activities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results show an average of 63.83% included in the "Good" category.    

Literacy is an individual's ability to understand, use and analyze information through various forms of language. Literacy includes understanding reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as the ability to process information critically and creatively. Through training in making media, comics and sketchbooks. Training activities are carried out in three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. Where training activities were carried out twice at the Sidomulyo Kulon Progo Literacy House. This training activity supports increasing children's interest in literacy at the Literacy House. Apart from that, the activities and making of wall media, comics and scratchbook can increase children's creativity.

Since the national curriculum was changed to text-based, explanatory texts have become one of the types of texts that are taught to students in class X of high school. One of the competencies that must be achieved by students in learning explanatory texts is producing. Students are required to be able to produce explanatory texts properly and correctly. However, there are still several problems in the achievement of these competencies. Based on the problems encountered in the field, it is known that innovative and creative explanatory text writing learning media is still lacking. An explanatory text is a text that provides information about a process resulting from the phenomenon of tang occurring. PBL (Problem based Learning) is a method of student-centered learning in this model is to improve students' ability to solve problems, use thinking skills and develop life skills such as critical thinking and teamwork. This mix method was chosen because it has suitability because in this study what is to be answered includes outcomes and the process of developing qualitative and quantitative data because in this method it is more about asking how the needs of high school class X students for the PBL model with learning media to produce explanatory texts based on digital media and local wisdom in order to facilitate and understand the mistakes of the research. In this case, it can also improve students' ability to solve problems, use various thinking skills and develop life skills.      

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

The location where the research was carried out was SMA Negeri 8 Medan, which is on Jl. Pandau Hulu II, Sampali No. 23 Medan City District, Medan Area, North Sumatra, 20233 This study was carried out in June 2024. Through descriptive research, this study examines students' writing abilities in procedure text material. 34 SMA Negeri 8 Medan class XI students participated in this research. According to the findings of this study, the procedure text's content received an average score of 26.32 out of 100, placing it in the Good category at 75.21 percent. The number then was 825 for the procedural text structure aspect, with an excellent percentage of 80.88 percent and an average score of 24.26. The number is 1001 for the semantic part of procedural texts with a typical score of 29.44 and an excellent level of 84.12%. 2. According to KKM 75, the ability to write procedural texts is demonstrated by the fact that 27 students (79.41 percent) have completed the Indonesian Language KKM and 7 students (20.59 percent) have not completed the Indonesian Language KKM. 3. In view of the examination of achievement rates, the capacity to compose methodology texts of 16 understudies (47.06%) was in the excellent class, trailed by 15 understudies (44.12%) in the great class, 3 individuals (8.82%) in the great class. moderate, 0 understudies (0%), and 0 understudies (0%) in the unfortunate class.

This research aims to determine the effect of video tutorial media on the ability to write descriptive text for students in class VII MTsN 2 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The population of this study was all class VII MTsN 2 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 10 classes with a total of 320 students. The samples taken were classes VII-1 and VII-4, totaling 32 students in each class. The method used is an experimental research method, this will use the "two group post-test design" model. The instrument used is a description test. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the "t" test. Data without using video tutorial media was classified as not meeting the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) with an average value (mean) of 68.21, students' skills in writing descriptive text using video tutorial media were classified as meeting the category. minimum completeness criteria (KKM) with an average value (mean) of 90.75. Next, hypothesis testing shows tcount>ttable with a value with the t stat getting a value of -15.94956082 and t Critical two-tail getting a value of 2.000297822 so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.

This research aims to determine the effect of video tutorial media on the ability to write descriptive text for students in class VII MTsN 2 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The population of this study was all class VII MTsN 2 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 10 classes with a total of 320 students. The samples taken were classes VII-1 and VII-4, totaling 32 students in each class. The method used is an experimental research method, this will use the "two group post-test design" model. The instrument used is a description test. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the "t" test. Data without using video tutorial media was classified as not meeting the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) with an average value (mean) of 68.21, students' skills in writing descriptive text using video tutorial media were classified as meeting the category. minimum completeness criteria (KKM) with an average value (mean) of 90.75. Next, hypothesis testing shows tcount>ttable with a value with the t stat getting a value of -15.94956082 and t Critical two-tail getting a value of 2.000297822 so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The activity of writing scientific papers, especially scientific articles, is one of the activities that must be done by professional teachers. Apart from being a professional demand, writing scientific papers for teachers is also a form of scientific implementation and dissemination to the community. The purpose of this training activity is expected to improve the ability to write scientific papers, especially scientific articles for teachers. The method of implementing this training is divided into three stages. First, the presentation of the material, the two participants were divided into groups to discuss things that could be raised as the theme of writing scientific articles, the third practice in groups with the guidance of lecturers of the PPKn study program, Faculty of Teacher Training, PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya, and assistance to complete activities synchronously and asynchronously. This training resulted in 9 scientific articles that have been worked on by teacher groups, three of which are the results of the implementation of classroom action research (PTK) that has been previously carried out by teachers, and there are two participant articles that have been successfully uploaded to the national online journal Pacivic Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya.

This study aims to identify the level of difficulty and ability to write descriptive essays for phase B students in class IV in elementary school. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case method approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews with students, and document analysis of students' writing results. The results of the research show that phase B students in class IV in elementary schools experience difficulties in writing descriptive essays in several aspects, namely: It is difficult for students to find a title that suits the topic. Students can create text that matches the title, but the content of the idea is incomplete. Students have not used all their five senses to write descriptive text. Students have difficulty writing paragraphs that have cohesion and coherence. Students have difficulty using the correct choice of words (diction) according to the sentence. It is difficult for students to use the correct spelling according to the rules. Students have difficulty using punctuation marks.

This study aims to identify the level of difficulty and ability to write descriptive essays for phase B students in class IV in elementary school. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case method approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews with students, and document analysis of students' writing results. The results of the research show that phase B students in class IV in elementary schools experience difficulties in writing descriptive essays in several aspects, namely: It is difficult for students to find a title that suits the topic. Students can create text that matches the title, but the content of the idea is incomplete. Students have not used all their five senses to write descriptive text. Students have difficulty writing paragraphs that have cohesion and coherence. Students have difficulty using the correct choice of words (diction) according to the sentence. It is difficult for students to use the correct spelling according to the rules. Students have difficulty using punctuation marks.

Folklore is part of cultural history that reflects the past and thoughts of the community, passed down from generation to generation orally or in writing, and contains various values of life. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a structural approach, aiming to analyze the religious values contained in the folklore “Sunan Muria Mosque” contained in the book “East Coast Folklore” by Mohammad Kanzunnudin, published by CV Adhigama in 2024. The data is a fragment of the story “Masjid Sunan Muria”. The research data are facts about the structure and religious values found in the folklore. The data collection technique used reading and listening methods. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman method which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that the folklore “Masjid Sunan Muria” contains motifs of shortcomings and shortcomings that can be overcome as well as exemplary religious values, including aspects of belief, worship, knowledge, and practice. Sunan Muria, the main character in the story, shows a strong belief in the teachings of Islam and his ability to practice these values in real actions. The implication of this research is to provide inspiration and learning about the importance of religious values in everyday life and how these values can be applied for the common good.    

Assessing speaking ability is a complex task, more difficult than assessing listening, reading, or writing abilities. This is because what is said when speaking is quickly forgotten, so evaluation requires sufficient time to pay attention to the speaking process, not just knowledge of the material being discussed. To carry out this evaluation, the research method generally used is a review of related literature. This research involves collecting information related to a specific topic. In order for a speaking ability evaluation to be carried out successfully, it is necessary to properly understand the basic concepts, learning processes, evaluation techniques, as well as planning and implementation procedures.

This research is research that aims to determine the ability to write drama scripts for class VIII K students at SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the source of the data obtained through observation and direct observation in the field. The data collection techniques used are observation and data assessment. The research results show that class VIII K students at SMP Negri 12 Tasikmalaya are in the good category with an average score of 84%.

The purpose of the research was to find out the implementation of the indicators of critical thinking skills in the writing assignments of sixth-semester students in the English department. This analysis involved an in-depth understanding of writing structure, language choices, and students' ability to formulate arguments critically. The research proved useful for increasing knowledge about pedagogical writing and providing an in-depth analysis of students' writing assignments. This research was a quantitative descriptive analysis method research. The population of this research were all of the students in the Sixth semester of English Department UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi year 2022/2023. According to the findings of the study, students showed inadequate critical thinking skills while creating 17 specific sub-indicators with scores below of 50%. It was found that students encountered difficulties when writing a thesis assignment. It means that the majority of students were unable to organize thoughts into thesis writing assignments.

This research aims to describe students’ ability in writing persuasive text before and after using group discussion method in class VIII students of SMPN 37 Medan. The research method used was experimental with one group pretest postest design. The instruments used were pretest and postest written tests. The results showed that before using the group discussion method, students’ ability in writing persuasive texts was still lacking with an average score 59,37. However, after using the group discussion method, students’ abilities improved to good with an average score of 77,73. Data analysis showed a significant effect of group discussion method on students’ persuasive text writing ability. This is evidenced by the result of statistical calculations that show the normality test of pretest and postest data is normally distributed, the homogeneity test states that the sample is homogeneous, and the hypothesis test rejects H0 and accepts Ha. This research implies that the group discussion method is effective in improving students’ persuasive text writing ability in class VIII of SMPN 37 Medan.